Yanayi.nasa
 Yanayi.nasa |
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Tun lokacin da aka kafa ta a 1958, NASA ta gudanar da bincike kan batutuwa da dama. Saboda tsarinsa na musamman, aiki yana faruwa a wurare daban-daban kuma wuraren bincike daban-daban sun fi mayar da hankali a cikin waɗannan cibiyoyin.[1] Dangane da fasahar, kayan aiki da ƙwarewar da ake buƙata, ana iya gudanar da bincike a cikin cibiyoyin da ke kewaye.[2]
Jirgin sama
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Magunguna a sararin samaniya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana gudanar da nazarin likitanci iri-iri a sararin samaniya ta Cibiyar Nazarin Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa (NSBRI). Shahararren daga cikin waɗannan shine Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound a cikin Nazarin Microgravity, wanda 'yan saman jannati (ciki har da tsoffin Kwamandojin ISS Leroy Chiao da Gennady Padalka) ke yin binciken ultrasound a ƙarƙashin jagorancin masana masu nisa don ganowa da kuma magance daruruwan yanayin kiwon lafiya a sararin samaniya. Yawancin lokaci babu likita a cikin tashar sararin samaniya ta duniya, kuma ganewar asali na yanayin kiwon lafiya yana da ƙalubale. Masu tafiyar da sararin samaniya suna iya fuskantar haɗarin kiwon lafiya iri-iri ciki har da rashin lafiya, barotrauma, rashin lafiya, asarar ƙashi da tsoka, rashin haƙuri saboda asarar girma, rikicewar bacci, da raunin radiation. Ultrasound yana ba da dama ta musamman don saka idanu kan waɗannan yanayi a sararin samaniya. Ana amfani da dabarun wannan binciken yanzu don rufe raunin kwararru da na wasannin Olympics da kuma ultrasound da masu aiki marasa ƙwarewa suka yi a cikin jama'a kamar likitanci da ɗaliban makarantar sakandare. Ana sa ran cewa ultrasound mai jagorantar nesa zai sami aikace-aikace a Duniya a yanayin gaggawa da kula da yankunan karkara, inda samun damar zuwa likita mai horar da shi sau da yawa yana da wuya.[3][4][5]
Rashin gishiri da sarrafa makamashi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A daya daga cikin manyan ayyukan farfado da kasar, fasahar NASA na taimaka wa gwamnatin jiha da ta tarayya kwato kadada 15,100 (61 km2) na tafkunan da ake fitar da gishiri a Kudancin San Francisco Bay. Masana kimiyya suna amfani da na'urori masu auna tauraron dan adam don nazarin tasirin kurwar gishiri a kan yanayin gida.[6]
NASA ta fara Shirin Ingancin Makamashi da Ruwa na Ruwa a matsayin shirin da aka tsara don hana gurɓataccen yanayi da rage amfani da makamashi da ruwa. Yana taimakawa wajen tabbatar da cewa NASA ta cika nauyin kula da muhalli na tarayya.[7]
Babban shafi: NASA Earth ScienceNASA Kimiyya ta Duniya
Fahimtar canje-canje na halitta da na mutum a kan yanayin duniya (kamar dumamar duniya) shine babban burin kimiyyar duniya ta NASA. NASA a halin yanzu tana da fiye da goma sha biyu na sararin samaniya / kayan aiki na duniya a cikin orbit suna nazarin dukkan fannoni na tsarin Duniya (kayan teku, ƙasa, yanayi, biosphere, cryosphere), tare da wasu da yawa da aka shirya don ƙaddamarwa a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa. An kirkiro shirin binciken kimiyyar ƙasa kuma an ba da kuɗin a cikin shekarun 1980 a ƙarƙashin gwamnatocin Ronald Reagan da George H. W. Bush.[8]
NASA tana aiki tare da hadin gwiwar National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Manufar ita ce samar da taswirar albarkatun hasken rana a duniya tare da cikakkun bayanai na gida.[9] NASA kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan mahalarta a cikin kimantawa sabbin fasahohi don tsaftace tushen ruwa mai yawa (DNAPLs). A ranar 6 ga Afrilu, 1999, hukumar ta sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniya (MOA) tare da Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka, DOE, da USAF suna ba da izini ga dukkan kungiyoyin da ke sama don gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu mahimmanci a cibiyar John F. Kennedy Space. Babban manufar ita ce kimanta sabbin fasahohin gyaran yanayi guda biyu, cirewar zafi da lalatawar oxidation na DNAPLs.[10] Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta ƙasa ta yi haɗin gwiwa tare da Sabis na Sojoji da Hukumar Kula da Kwangilar Tsaro mai suna "Ƙungiyar Haɗin Kan Kan Kayayyakin Ƙira". Ƙungiyar tana aiki akan ragewa ko kawar da abubuwa ko matakai masu haɗari.[11]
A Mayu 8, 2003, Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta amince da NASA a matsayin hukumar tarayya ta farko da ta yi amfani da iskar gas kai tsaye don samar da makamashi a ɗayan wurarenta - Cibiyar Jirgin Sama ta Goddard, Greenbelt, Maryland. [12]
A shekara ta 1975, doka ta ba da umarnin NASA don bincike da saka idanu kan yanayin sama. Wannan ya haifar da Shirin Bincike na Upper Atmosphere kuma daga baya tauraron dan adam na Earth Observing System (EOS) a cikin shekarun 1990s don saka idanu kan raguwar ozone.[13] An samo ma'auni na farko a duniya a cikin 1978 tare da tauraron dan adam na Nimbus 7 da masana kimiyya na NASA a Cibiyar Nazarin sararin samaniya ta Goddard.[14]
Nazarin yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin shirin kimiyyar duniya, NASA tana bincike da kuma buga kan al'amuran yanayi. Its statements concur with the interpretation that the global climate is heating.[15] Bob Walker, who has advised president-elect Donald Trump on space issues, has advocated that NASA shut down its climate study operations. The Washington Post reported that NASA scientists copied data on climate change held on U.S. government computers, out of a fear that a Trump administration would end access to data on climate change.
- ↑ "3". www.hq.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-01-27. Retrieved 2018-07-26.
- ↑ "NASA Strategic Management Handbook". www.hq.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 2021-05-10. Retrieved 2018-07-26.
- ↑ "NASA—Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity (ADUM)". NASA. July 31, 2010. Archived from the original on August 23, 2007. Retrieved August 13, 2010.
- ↑ Rao, S; Van Holsbeeck, L; Musial, JL; Parker, A; Bouffard, JA; Bridge, P; Jackson, M; Dulchavsky, SA (2008). "A pilot study of comprehensive ultrasound education at the Wayne State University School of Medicine: a pioneer year review". Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine. 27 (5): 745–9. doi:10.7863/jum.2008.27.5.745. PMID 18424650. S2CID 30566494.
- ↑ Fincke, E. M.; Padalka, G.; Lee, D.; Van Holsbeeck, M.; Sargsyan, A. E.; Hamilton, D. R.; Martin, D.; Melton, S. L.; McFarlin, K.; Dulchavsky, S. A. (2005). "Evaluation of Shoulder Integrity in Space: First Report of Musculoskeletal US on the International Space Station". Radiology. 234 (2): 319–22. doi:10.1148/radiol.2342041680. PMID 15533948.
- ↑ "NASA Helps Reclaim 15,100 Acres Of San Francisco Bay Salt Ponds". Space Daily. 2003. Archived from the original on 2011-05-23. Retrieved May 1, 2008.
- ↑ Tina Norwood (2007). "Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation". NASA. Archived from the original on January 17, 2008. Retrieved May 1, 2008.
- ↑ Berger, Eric (2015-10-29). "Republicans outraged over NASA earth science programs... that Reagan began". Ars Technica (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-07-12.
- ↑ D. Renné; S. Wilcox; B. Marion; R. George; et al. (2003). "Progress on Updating the 1961–1990 National Solar Radiation Database" (PDF). NREL. Retrieved May 1, 2008.
- ↑ EPA (1999). "EPA, DOE, NASA AND USAF Evaluate Innovative Technologies". EPA. Archived from the original on May 7, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ↑ Benjamin S. Griffin; Gregory S. Martin; Keith W. Lippert; J. D. MacCarthy; et al. (2007). "Joint Group on Pollution Prevention" (PDF). NASA. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 27, 2008. Retrieved May 1, 2008.
- ↑ Michael K. Ewert (2006). "Johnson Space Center's Role in a Sustainable Future" (PDF). NASA. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 27, 2008. Retrieved April 28, 2008.
- ↑ W. Henry Lambright (May 2005). "NASA and the Environment: The Case of Ozone Depletion" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved June 28, 2012.
- ↑ Dr. Richard McPeters (2008). "Ozone Hole Monitoring". NASA. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved May 1, 2008.
- ↑ Hille, Karl (2016-07-19). "2016 Climate Trends Continue to Break Records". NASA. Retrieved 2023-07-12.