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Adygea

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Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
(an turo daga Yanayin ƙasar Adygea)
Adygea
republic of Russia (en) Fassara, federal subject of Russia (en) Fassara, autonomous republic (en) Fassara, enclave (en) Fassara da administrative divisions of Russia (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Bangare na Southern Federal District (en) Fassara
Farawa 1991
Suna a harshen gida Адыгэ Республик
Demonym (en) Fassara adighezi
Yaren hukuma Rashanci da Adyghe (en) Fassara
Take Anthem of the Republic of Adygea (en) Fassara
Nahiya Turai
Ƙasa Rasha da Kungiyar Sobiyet
Babban birni Maykop (en) Fassara
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci Moscow Time (en) Fassara da Europe/Moscow (en) Fassara
Enclave within (en) Fassara Krasnodar Krai (en) Fassara
Wuri mafi tsayi Chugush (en) Fassara
Fadar gwamnati/shugaban ƙasa Head of the Republic of Adygea (en) Fassara
Shugaban ƙasa Murat Kumpilov (en) Fassara
Office held by head of government (en) Fassara shugaba
Gwamna Anzaur Kerashev (en) Fassara
Gangar majalisa State Council of the Republic of Adygea (en) Fassara
Sun raba iyaka da Krasnodar Krai (en) Fassara
Wanda yake bi Adyghe Autonomous Oblast (en) Fassara
Harshen da aka yi amfani da shi Adyghe (en) Fassara
Kyauta ta samu Order of Friendship of Peoples (en) Fassara
Shafin yanar gizo adygheya.ru
Tuta flag of the Republic of Adygea (en) Fassara
Kan sarki coat of arms of the Republic of Adygea (en) Fassara
List of monuments (en) Fassara Cultural heritage monuments in Adygea (en) Fassara
Local dialing code (en) Fassara 877
Licence plate code (en) Fassara 1
Wuri
Map
 45°N 40°E / 45°N 40°E / 45; 40
Ƴantacciyar ƙasaRasha

Adygea[1] a hukumance Jamhuriya Adygean ko Jamhuriwar Adygean, jamhuriya ce ta Rasha. Tana naa a yankin Arewacin Caucasus na Gabashin Turai. Jamhuriyar wani bangare ne na Gundumar Tarayya ta Kudu, kuma tana rufe yanki na kilomita 7,600 (2,900 sq , tare da yawan jama'a kusan 496,934. Yana da wani enclave a cikin Krasnodar Krai kuma shine na biyar mafi ƙanƙanta na tarayya na Rasha ta yanki. Maykop ita ce babban birnin kuma birni mafi girma a Adygea, gida ne ga kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yawan jama'ar jamhuriya.

Adygea na daya daga cikin jumhuriyar kabilar kasar Rasha, da farko tana wakiltar al'ummar Circassian 'yan asalin kasar, wadanda ke da kashi 25% na al'ummar Jamhuriyar, yayin da 'yan kasar Rasha ke da kashi 60%, kuma suna da 'yan tsiraru 'yan Armeniyawa da Ukrainian. Harsunan hukuma na Adygea sune Adyghe da Rashanci.

Tarihi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Taswirar Adygea

An kafa yankin Cherkess (Adyghe) mai cin gashin kansa a ranar 27 ga Yuli, 1922, a cikin yankunan Kuban-Black Sea Oblast. A lokacin, Krasnodar ita ce cibiyar gudanarwa. An sake masa suna Adyghe (Cherkess) Oblast mai cin gashin kansa a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1922, jim kaɗan bayan ƙirƙirar ta. A cikin shekaru biyu na farko na wanzuwar yankin mai cin gashin kansa ya kasance wani ɓangare na SFSR na Rasha, amma a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 1924, an canza shi zuwa ikon sabuwar yankin Arewacin Caucasus a cikin RSFSR..    

An sake masa suna Adyghe Autonomous Oblast (AO) a watan Yulin 1928. A ranar 10 ga watan Janairun shekara ta 1934, yankin mai cin gashin kansa ya zama wani ɓangare na sabon Azov-Black Sea Krai, wanda aka cire daga Arewacin Caucasus Krai. An sanya Maykop cibiyar gudanarwa ta yankin mai cin gashin kansa a 1936. Adyghe AO ya zama wani ɓangare na Krasnodar Krai lokacin da aka kafa shi a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1937.  

A ranar 3 ga Yuli, 1991, an ɗaga yankin zuwa matsayin jamhuriya a ƙarƙashin ikon Tarayyar Rasha. Shugaban farko na jamhuriya shine Aslan Dzharimov, wanda aka zaba a ranar 5 ga Janairun 1992.  

Dangantaka tsakanin Adyghe da kabilun Rasha a Adygea a halin yanzu suna da kyau. [ana buƙatar ƙa'ida] Rashawa sun kasance kashi biyu bisa uku na yawan jama'a a cikin Adygea.[2] Shugaban Adygea na yanzu shine Murat Kumpilov . [3][ana buƙatar hujja]

Yanayin ƙasa

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Adygea tana cikin Gundumar Tarayyar Kudancin Rasha ta Gabashin Turai, a cikin tuddai na Arewa maso yammacin Caucasus a cikin Tsarin Dutsen Caucasus, tare da filayen a yankunan arewa da duwatsu a yankin kudu. dazuzzuka (musamman na bishiyar Turai, itacen oak, da maple) sun rufe kusan kashi 40% na yankinta.

  • Area — 7,792 square kilometres (3,009 sq mi).
  • Borders — the Republic of Adygea is entirely surrounded by Krasnodar Krai.
  • Highest point — Chugush Mountain: 3,238 metres (10,623 ft).

Koguna

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Kogin Khodz, yankin da ke cikin yankin

Kogin Kuban mai tsawon kilomita 870 (540 yana daya daga cikin manyan koguna masu tafiya a yankin Caucasus. Ya zama wani ɓangare na iyakar arewa tsakanin Jamhuriyar Adygea da Krasnodar Krai . Sauran koguna sun hada da:

  • Kogin Belaya
  • Kogin Chokhrak
  • Kogin Dakh
  • Kogin Fars
  • Kogin Khodz
  • Kogin Kisha
  • Kogin Bolshaya Laba - (wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na iyakar gabashin tsakanin Adygea da Krasnodar Krai)
  • Kogin Psekups
  • Kogin Pshish
  • Kogin Sakhray
  • Kogin Sukhoy Kurdzhips - yana gudana kusa da wurin binciken archaeological a kogon Mezmaiskaya . [4]
Filin Lago-Naki a cikin Adygea

Jamhuriyar ba ta da manyan tabkuna. Koyaya, tana da tafkuna da yawa:

Duwatsu

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Dutsen Fisht

Manyan tsaunuka da tsaunuka na jamhuriya suna da tsawo daga mita 2,000-3,238 (6,562-10,623 , kuma sun haɗa da:

  • Dutsen Chugush - 3,238 metres (10,623 ft)
  • Dutsen Fisht - 2,868 metres (9,409 ft)
  • Dutsen Oshten
  • Dutsen Pseashkho
  • Dutsen Shepsi

Albarkatun halitta

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Jamhuriyar tana da wadataccen man fetur da iskar gas. Sauran albarkatun halitta sun hada da zinariya, azurfa, tungsten, da baƙin ƙarfe.

Yanayi

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  • Matsakaicin zafin Janairu: -0.5
  • Matsakaicin zafin Yuli: +23 °C (73 °F) ° C (73 ° F)
  • Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara: 70 centimetres (28 in) in)

Fabrairu 15, 2010, ya rubuta cikakkiyar matsakaicin watanni na hunturu - a babban birnin, birnin Maykop, zafin jiki ya kasance 23.4 °C (74.1 °F) ° C (74.1 ° F). 

Tsohon Shugaban Jamhuriyar Adygea, Aslan Tkhakushinov, a cikin 2010

Shugaban zartarwa na gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Adygea shine Shugaban (wanda ake kira "Shugaba" har zuwa Mayu 2011), wanda aka nada shi na tsawon shekaru biyar. Kwarewa a cikin Harshen Adyghe wajibi ne ga dan takarar.

Shugaban na yanzu, Murat Kumpilov (tun 27 ga Janairu, 2017), ya gaji Aslan Tkhakushinov, da farko a matsayin shugaban riko na yankin. Akwai kuma zaɓaɓɓen Majalisar Jiha kai tsaye (Khase ko Xase — kada a ruɗe da Adyghe Khase, ƙungiyar Adyghe wacce ta goyi bayan Sovmen a karo na biyu), wanda ya ƙunshi Majalisar Wakilai da Majalisar Jamhuriyar. Dukkan majalisun biyu ana zaben su ne duk bayan shekara biyar kuma suna da mataimaka 27 kowacce.

Jamhuriyar ta aika da wakilai uku zuwa majalisar dokokin Tarayyar Rasha; daya zuwa Duma ta Jiha da sauran biyu zuwa Majalisar Tarayya.

An amince da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Jamhuriyar Adygea a ranar 14 ga Mayu, 1995. 

Rarrabawar gudanarwa

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Rarrabawar gudanarwa na Jamhuriyar Adygea

Jamhuriyar Adygea ta kasu kashi bakwai (raions), birane / garuruwa biyu, da (a matakin gudanarwa) ƙauyuka biyar na birane. A cikin gari, an raba jamhuriya zuwa yankuna biyu na birane, ƙauyuka biyar na birane da ƙauyuka 46. 

Sunan Sunan yankin Yankin inkm2
 Ƙididdigar Jama'a 2010
 Ƙididdigar Jama'a 1 Janairu 2018[5]

Birane (gundumomin birni na Jamhuriyar Republican)
Maykop Gundumar Birni ta Maykop
 58.6 166,540 165,279
Adygeysk Gundumar Adgeyos
 32.4 14,659 15,207
Gundumomi
Gundumar Giaginsky Gyaginsky M. R. 790.0 31,766 31,394
Gundumar Koshekhablsky Koshhablskaya R. 606.7 30,422 29,726
Gundumar Krasnogvardeysky M. Red Guard R. 725.5 30,868 31,765
Gundumar Maykopsky M. R. 3,667.4 58,439 60,107
Gundumar Takhtamukaysky Tashmuкай M. R. 440.0 69,662 82,909
Gundumar Teuchezhsky Tewchsky M. R. 710.0 20,643 20,802
Gundumar Shovgenovsky Shovgenovsk M. R. 521.4 16,997 16,187
Jamhuriyar Adygea Jamhuriyar Adygea 7,600.0 439,996 453,376
  • Lura "m.r." a sama ita ce taƙaice don "gundumar gari" (Municipal District)

Yawan jama'a

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  • Yawan jama'a: 496,934 (2021 Census); 439,996 (2010 Census); 447,109 (2002 Census); 422,588 (1989 Soviet census).
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1926113,481—    
1939241,799+113.1%
1959284,690+17.7%
1970385,644+35.5%
1979404,504+4.9%
1989432,588+6.9%
2002447,109+3.4%
2010439,996−1.6%
2021496,934+12.9%
2019 2021
Matsakaicin: Shekaru 73.8 Shekaru 71.2
Maza: Shekaru 69.1 Shekaru 66.6
Mata: Shekaru 78.4 Shekaru 75.8
  • Life expectancy at birth in Adygea
    Life expectancy at birth in Adygea
  • Life expectancy with calculated differences
    Life expectancy with calculated differences
  • Life expectancy in Adygea, Krasnodar Krai and neighboring regions
    Life expectancy in Adygea, Krasnodar Krai and neighboring regions
  • Zoomed version of the chart since 2014
    Zoomed version of the chart since 2014

Muhimman kididdiga

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Tushen: Ofishin Kididdiga na Tarayyar Rasha An adana shi a ranar 12 ga Afrilu, 2008, a [8]
Matsakaicin yawan jama'a Haihuwar rayuwa Mutuwa Canjin yanayi Yawan haihuwa (a kowace shekara 1000) Yawan mace-mace (a kowace shekara 1000) Canjin halitta (a kowace 1000) Yawan haihuwa
1970 386,000 5,681 3,307 2,374 14.7 8.6 6.2
1975 396,000 5,900 3,907 1,993 14.9 9.9 5.0
1980 409,000 6,610 4,828 1,782 16.2 11.8 4.4
1985 423,000 6,966 5,283 1,683 16.5 12.5 4.0
1990 436,000 6,171 5,375 796 14.2 12.3 1.8 2.06
1991 439,000 5,912 5,905 7 13.5 13.5 0.0 1.96
1992 444,000 5,306 5,969 - 663 12.0 13.5 -1.5 1.73
1993 447,000 4,774 6,662 -1 888 10.7 14.9 -4.2 1.54
1994 449,000 4,907 6,519 -1 612 10.9 14.5 -3.6 1.59
1995 450,000 4,798 6,475 -1 677 10.7 14.4 -3.7 1.55
1996 450,000 4,625 6,382 -1 757 10.3 14.2 -3.9 1.49
1997 450,000 4,430 6,302 -1 872 9.8 14.0 -4.2 1.42
1998 451,000 4,340 6,245 -1 905 9.6 13.9 -4.2 1.38
1999 450,000 3,879 6,215 -2 336 8.6 13.8 -5.2 1.22
2000 448,000 4,071 6,710 -2 639 9.1 15.0 -5.9 1.27
2001 447,000 4,212 6,566 -2 354 9.4 14.7 -5.3 1.31
2002 447,000 4,540 6,715 -2 175 10.2 15.0 -4.9 1.39
2003 446,000 4,634 6,929 -2 295 10.4 15.6 -5.2 1.40
2004 444,000 4,648 6,645 -1 997 10.5 15.0 -4.5 1.37
2005 443,000 4,550 6,726 -2 176 10.3 15.2 -4.9 1.32
2006 441,000 4,606 6,686 -2 080 10.4 15.2 -4.7 1.33
2007 440,000 5,210 6,454 -1 244 11.8 14.7 -2.8 1.50
2008 440,000 5,601 6,558 - 957 12.7 14.9 -2.2 1.60
2009 439,000 5,513 6,219 - 706 12.5 14.2 -1.6 1.66
2010 439,000 5,721 6,065 - 476 13.0 14.1 -1.1 1.70
2011 441,000 5,511 6,197 - 554 12.5 13.8 -1.3 1.66
2012 444,000 5,700 5,924 - 224 12.9 13.4 -0.5 1.71
2013 445,000 5,568 5,814 - 246 12.5 13.1 -0.6 1.68
2014 448,000 5,699 5,938 - 239 12.7 13.3 -0.6 1.73
2015 450,000 5,613 5,841 - 228 12.5 13.0 -0.5 1.72
2016 453,000 5,451 5,818 - 367 12.1 12.9 -0.8 1.69 (e)
2017 453,000 4,758 5,734 - 976 10.5 12.7 -2.2
2019 4,184 5,654 - 1,470 9.1 12.3 -3.2
2020 4,419 6,154 - 1,735 9.5 13.3 -3.8

Ƙungiyoyin kabilanci

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⁷Dangane da kididdigar shekara ta 2021, [9] 'yan kabilar Rasha sun kai kashi 64.4% na yawan jama'ar jamhuriya, yayin da' yan kabilar Adyghe suka kai kashi 25.7%. Sauran kungiyoyi sun hada da Armeniyawa (3.3%), Kurdawa (1.2%), Mutanen Romani (0.7%) da Ukrainians (0.6%).

Ƙungiyar kabilanci
 Ƙididdigar 1926 Ƙididdigar shekara ta 1939 Ƙididdigar shekara ta 1959 Ƙididdigar 1970 Ƙididdigar shekara ta 1979 Ƙididdigar shekara ta 1989 Ƙididdigar 2002 Ƙididdigar 2010 Ƙididdigar 2021
Adadin % Adadin % Adadin % Adadin % Adadin % Adadin % Adadin % Adadin % Adadin %
Mutanen Rasha 29,102 25.6% 171,960 71.1% 200,492 70.4% 276,537 71.7% 285,626 70.6% 293,640 68.0% 288,280 64.5% 270,714 63.6% 287,778 64.4%
Adyghe 50,821 44.8% 55,048 22.8% 65,908 23.2% 81,478 21.1% 86,388 21.4% 95,439 22.1% 108,115 24.2% 109,699 25.8% 114,688 2.7%2
Armeniyawa 738 0.7% 2,348 1.0% 3,013 1.1% 5,217 1.4% 6,359 1.6% 10,460 2.4% 15,268 3.4% 15,561 3.7% 14,810 3.3%
Kurdawa 2 0.0% 262 0.1% 3,631 0.8% 4,528 1.1% 5,233 1.2%
Romani 1,109 0.3% 1,134 0.3% 1,844 0.4% 2,364 0.6% 2,908 0.7%
'Yan Ukraine 26,405 23.3% 6,130 2.5% 7,988 2.8% 11,214 2.9% 12,078 3.0% 13,755 3.2% 9,091 2.0% 5,856 1.4% 2,810 0.6%
Sauran 6,415 5.7% 6,313 2.6% 7,289 2.6% 11,198 2.9% 13,939 3.4% 18,752 4.3% 26,355 5.9% 14,093 3.3% 18,403 4.1%
  1. Mutane 50,304 ne suka yi rajista daga bayanan gudanarwa, kuma ba za su iya bayyana kabilanci ba. An kiyasta cewa yawan kabilun da ke cikin wannan rukuni daidai yake da na rukuni da aka ayyana.[10]
  2. Ciki har da 397 Kabardins da 16,133 Cherkess.

Addinai

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Masallacin Maykop na tsakiya
Religion in Adygea as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)[11][12]

A cewar wani bincike na 2012 wanda ya yi hira da mutane 56,900, 35.4% na mutanen Adygea suna bin Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 23.6% na Islama, 3% Kiristoci ne marasa alaka da kuma 1% masu bi na Orthodox Kirista. Bugu da kari, kashi 19.8% na al’ummar kasar sun bayyana cewa su “masu ruhi ne amma ba addini ba” kashi 8% basu yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 8.6% na bin wasu addinai ko kuma basu amsa tambayar ba.

Ilimi

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Jami'ar Jihar Adyghe da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Jihar Maykop, duka biyu a babban birnin Maykop, sune manyan cibiyoyin ilimi guda biyu a Adygea.

Tattalin Arziki

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Maykop Beer Brewery

Ko da yake yana daya daga cikin yankuna mafi talauci na Rasha, jamhuriya tana da gandun daji da ƙasa mai wadata. Yankin ya shahara ne don samar da hatsi, sunflowers, shayi, taba, da sauran kayan. Har ila yau, an haɓaka kiwon aladu da tumaki.

Abinci, katako, aikin katako, pulp da takarda, injiniya mai nauyi, da aikin ƙarfe sune masana'antun da suka fi bunkasa.

Sufuri

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Akwai Maykop_Airport" id="mwBGc" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Maykop Airport">ƙaramin filin jirgin sama a Maykop (ICAO filin jirgin sama code URKM). Lines na dogo da yawa sun ratsa jamhuriya.

Al'adu

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Mutumin da ke magana da yaren Adyghe.

Harshen Adyghe (Адыгабзэ) memba ne na dangin yaren Arewa maso Yammacin Caucasus . Tare da Rasha, Adyghe shine harshen hukuma na jamhuriya.

Akwai gidajen tarihi na jihohi 8 da 23 a cikin jamhuriya. Gidan kayan gargajiya mafi girma shine Gidan Tarihi na Jamhuriyar Adygea a Maykop .  

Shahararrun mutane

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Anatoly Berezovoy (1942 - 2014), matukin jirgi / cosmonaut na Soviet.
  • Aslan Dzharimov (an haife shi a shekara ta 1936), shugaban farko na Jamhuriyar Adygea .
  • Anna Kareyeva (an haife ta a shekara ta 1977), 'yar wasan kwallon hannu.
  • Mukharby Kirzhinov (an haife shi a shekara ta 1949), mai ɗaukar nauyi.
  • Andrei Kobenko (an haife shi a shekara ta 1982), ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.
  • Nikita Kucherov (an haife shi a shekara ta 1993), ɗan wasan hockey na kankara.
  • Vladimir Nevzorov (an haife shi a shekara ta 1952), judoka.
  • Hazret Sovmen (an haife shi a shekara ta 1937), shugaban Jamhuriyar Adygea na biyu .
  • Aslan Tkhakushinov (an haife shi a shekara ta 1947), shugaban kasa na uku na Jamhuriyar Adygea .
  • Aslan Tlebzu (an haife shi a shekara ta 1981), mawaƙin gargajiya na Adyghe.
  • Konstantin Vasilyev (1942 - 1976), mai zane. 
  1. ↑ "Adygeya at merriam-webster.com". m-w.com. Retrieved 2009-09-23.
  2. ↑ ВПН-2010 (in Rashanci). Gks.ru. Archived from the original on March 15, 2013. Retrieved 2014-02-22.
  3. ↑ "Мурат Кумпилов назначен временно исполняющим обязанности Главы Адыгеи". Президент России (in Rashanci). 2017-01-12. Retrieved 2025-04-11.
  4. ↑ Baryshnikova, Gennady; John F. Hoffeckerb; Robin L. Burgess (May 1996). "Palaeontology and Zooarchaeology of Mezmaiskaya Cave (Northwestern Caucasus, Russia)". Journal of Archaeological Science. 23 (3): 313–335. doi:10.1006/jasc.1996.0030. Over 6000 large mammal and numerous small vertebrate remains have been recovered from preliminary excavations at Mezmaiskaya Cave
  5. ↑ "Federal State Statistics Service data". www.gks.ru. Archived from the original on July 26, 2018. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
  6. ↑ "Демографический ежегодник России" [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Rashanci). Federal State Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat). Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  7. ↑ "Ожидаемая продолжительность жизни при рождении" [Life expectancy at birth]. Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System of Russia (in Rashanci). Archived from the original on February 20, 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  8. ↑ Каталог публикаций::Федеральная служба государственной статистики (in Rashanci). Gks.ru. 2010-05-08. Archived from the original on December 24, 2018. Retrieved 2014-02-21.
  9. ↑ "Национальный состав населения". Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
  10. ↑ "ВПН-2010". rosstat.gov.ru. Archived from the original on 2013-12-04. Retrieved 2025-08-07.
  11. ↑ "Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia". Sreda, 2012.
  12. ↑ 2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. Archived.
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