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Yanayin ƙasar Antarctica ta Argentina

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Yanayin ƙasar Antarctica ta Argentina
department of Argentina (en) Fassara da territorial claims in Antarctica (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Farawa 1941
Nahiya Antatika
Ƙasa Argentina
Territory claimed by (en) Fassara Argentina
Lambar aika saƙo 9411
Shafin yanar gizo dna.gov.ar
Wuri
Map
 75°00′S 49°30′W / 75°S 49.5°W / -75; -49.5
Condominium (en) FassaraAntarctic Treaty area (en) Fassara

Antarctica (Mutanen Espanya: Antártida Argentina ko Sashin Antártico Argentino) yanki ne na Antarctica wanda Argentina ke da'awar a matsayin yanki na ƙasarta. Ya ƙunshi yankin Antarctic Peninsula da wani yanki mai kusurwa uku wanda ya shimfida zuwa Pole ta Kudu, wanda 25° Yamma da 74° Yamma meridians ke iyakancewa da kuma 60° Kudu daidaitacce. Wannan yanki ya mamaye da'awar Burtaniya da Chile a Antarctica. Babu ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan ikirari da ke da yaɗuwar amincewar ƙasashen duniya.

Da'awar Antarctic ta Argentina ta dogara ne akan kasancewarta a kan tushe a Tsibirin Laurie a Tsibirin Orkney na Kudu tun 1904, tare da kusanci da yankin zuwa nahiyar Kudancin Amurka, kuma tana ƙarƙashin Yarjejeniyar Antarctic.[1] Koyaya an kafa kasancewar a kan yankin Antarctic a cikin 1951, kuma an fara gabatar da da'awar hukuma a kan yankin a cikin 1941, tare da canje-canje da yawa kuma an ayyana shi a hukumance a cikin 1957.

A fannin gudanarwa, Argentine Antarctica sashen lardin Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, da Tsibirin Kudancin Atlantic ne. Hukumomin lardin suna zaune ne a Ushuaia . [2] Ayyukan Argentina a Antarctica ana daidaita su ta hanyar Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA) da Shirin Antarctic na Argentina.

Binciken Argentina na nahiyar ya fara ne a farkon karni na 20. José María Sobral shi ne dan Argentina na farko da ya kafa a Antarctica a cikin 1902, inda ya shafe shekaru biyu tare da Swedish Antarctic Expedition na Otto Nordenskiöld . Ba da daɗewa ba, a cikin 1904, an kafa Cibiyar Orcadas na Dindindin. Shekaru bayan haka, an gina wasu tushe na dindindin da na yanayi. Tafiyar Argentina ta farko da ta kai Kudancin Kudancin ita ce 1965 Operación 90.

The estimated area of Argentine Antarctica is 1,461,597 square kilometres (564,326 sq mi), of which 965,597 square kilometres (372,819 sq mi) is land. The ice of the glaciers over the territory's surface has an average thickness of 2 kilometres. Temperatures fall in a typical range from 0°C in summer to -60°C in winter, although in certain points the temperature may drop to as low as -82°C and may rise to 18°C.

Ana amfani da yankin lokaci na UTC-3 a yankin, kamar yadda yake a Argentina.

Argentina tana da Tashoshin Antarctic na dindindin guda shida da tashoshi bakwai na bazara.

Dangane da ƙididdigar ƙasar Argentina, a Fata Oktoba na shekara ta 2010, Antarctica ta Argentina tana da mazauna 230 (ciki har da iyalai 9 da yara 16) a wurare shida na dindindin: 75 a Marambio, 66 a Esperanza, 33 a Carlini, 20 a San Martín, 19 a Belgrano II, da 17 a Orcadas.[3] Sakamakon wucin gadi na ƙididdigar ƙasar Argentina ta 2022 ya Ruwa mazauna 130 na Antarctica ta Argentina.[4] Mazauna suna shiga cikin babban zabe a cikin lardin Tierra del Fuego . [5]

Tarihi

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Tafiye-tafiye na farko

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A cikin 1815, Guillermo Brown, ɗan asalin ƙasar Ireland ne wanda ke aiki a cikin rundunar sojan ruwa ta lardunan United na Río de la Plata, ya fara kamfen don tsayar da rundunar sojojin Spain a cikin Tekun Pacific. Lokacin da suke tsallaka Cape Horn a cikin Hercules da Trinidad, iska mai ƙarfi ta tura su zuwa layi daya 65 ° Kudu. Brown ya yi iƙirarin cewa ya ga ƙasar Antarctic a kan balaguron, yana mai cewa wannan shine dalilin da ya sa zane-zane na Argentina ke kiran yankin arewacin Yankin Antarctic Tierra de la Trinidad .

A ranar 10 ga Yuni 1829, gwamnatin lardin Buenos Aires ta ba da doka ta kirkirar Kwamandan Siyasa da Soja na Tsibirin Falkland (Malvinas) (duba Louis Vernet) gami da tsibirai da ke kusa da Cape Horn, wanda ke cikin ruwan yankin Argentina da tsibirin Antarctic.   Gwamnatin Argentina ta shiga aikin Antarctic na Sweden a ranar 10 ga Oktoba 1900. Wannan balaguron ya sami tallafi, kuma a musayar, ya ba da sabis na Sojojin Ruwa na Argentina don isar da bayanan kimiyya da tarin dabbobi. A kan hanyarsu ta Buenos Aires, Lieutenant Jose Maria Sobral ya shiga Jirgin Antarctic a ranar 21 ga Disamba 1901. Kamar yadda babu wani labari game da balaguron da ya kai ga gwamnatin Argentina, ya cika alkawarinsa na tallafawa balaguron ta hanyar sabunta Corvette ARA Uruguay. Ya tashi a ranar 8 ga Oktoba 1903 a karkashin umurnin Lieutenant Julián Irizar don neman da kuma ceto mambobin balaguron da ke neman mafaka bayan rushewar jirgin Antarctic.

An gina wani hutun a Tsibirin Snow Hill a cikin 1902. Sojojin ruwa na Argentina sun mallaki hutun a shekara ta 1954 kuma sun ba shi suna Refugio Suecia . Yanzu abin tunawa ne na tarihi na Argentina da kuma wurin tarihi kamar yadda Yarjejeniyar Antarctic ta ambata. Binciken 1902 ya gina wani hutun a Hope Bay, wanda kuma abin tunawa ne na Antarctic a ƙarƙashin ikon Esperanza Station.[6]

Kasancewa na dindindin na Tsibirin Orkney ta Kudu tun daga 1904

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Alamar DNA-IAA
Gidan Omond, Tsibirin Laurie, kusan 1903.
Cibiyar Orcadas a cikin 1996

A ranar 2 ga watan Janairun 1904, Argentina ta sami tashar yanayi da Scotsman William Speirs Bruce ya shigar, a Tsibirin Laurie a Kudancin Orkneys, inda akwai ma'aikatan maza shida da ke yin binciken kimiyya. A ciki akwai wurin lura da yanayi, inda ya kuma yi aiki. An shigar da ofishin gidan waya. A ranar 22 ga Fabrairu 1904, farar hula (ma'aikacin kamfanin Argentine jami'in gidan waya da telegraph) Hugo Alberto Acuna ya lura da karo na farko da aka ɗaga tutar Argentina a hukumance a Sashin Antarctic na Argentina. Gidan kallo ya zama Orcadas Base, wanda shine mafi tsufa na dindindin a yankin Antarctic, [7] wani taron da ake tunawa a Argentina a matsayin Ranar Antarctic ta Argentina.

Corvette Argentine ARA Uruguay ya koma Antarctica a cikin 1905 don ɗaukar ma'aikata daga Kudancin Orkney kuma ya yi tafiya zuwa Tsibirin Deception da Tsibirin Wiencke don neman Jean-Baptiste Charcot, wanda aka yi imanin bacewar Faransa Antarctic Expedition (1903-1905). Saboda haɗin gwiwar Argentine tare da balaguron sa, Charcot ya kira ƙungiyar da ba ta da tushe kamar tsibirin Argentine. Daya daga cikin wadannan tsibiran ana kiransa tsibirin Galindez don girmama kyaftin na Corvette, Ismael Galíndez, kuma wani mai suna Uruguay Island, don girmama Corvette Argentine..

Gwamnatin Argentina ta kafa wuraren lura da yanayi guda biyu a Tsibirin Georgia ta Kudu da Tsibirin Wandel. Yunkurin tafiye-tafiye biyu zuwa tsibirin Wandel ya gaza. A watan Yunin 1905, sufuri na ARA Guardia Nacional, a karkashin umurnin Lieutenant Alfredo P. Lamas, ya kafa wani wurin kallo a Grytviken a Cumberland Bay, wanda aka sake masa suna a cikin Mutanen Espanya Bahía Guardia Nacional . [8]

A ranar 30 ga Maris 1927, an kaddamar da tashar rediyo ta farko a Antarctica a tsibirin Orkney ta Kudu. A ranar 15 ga watan Disamba 1927, Babban Darakta na Post da Telegraph daga Argentina ya sanar da Ofishin Kasa da Kasa na Universal Postal Union game da ikirarin su a Antarctica da sauran tsibirai na Kudancin Atlantic.

A cikin 1939, Argentina ta kirkiro Hukumar Kasa ta Antarctic ta ɗan lokaci ta hanyar Dokar No. 35821. A ranar 30 ga Afrilu 1940, ya zama jiki na dindindin ta hanyar Dokar No. 61852 don kara bincike a yankin.

Tsarin da'awar Argentina ga yankin Antarctic tun daga shekara ta 1941

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A watan Oktoba na shekara ta 1941, Instituto Geográfico Militar ta buga taswirar da ke nuna girman da'awar Argentina ta gaba tsakanin 25 ° W da 75 ° W. A watan Janairun shekara ta 1942 Gwamnatin Argentina, bisa ga ka'idar bangare, ta ce hakkinsu na Antarctic sun kasance tsakanin Meridian 25 ° da 68 ° 24 'West (kusa da Punta Dúngeness).

A ranar 8 ga Nuwamba 1942, Argentina ta yi ikirarin ƙasar Antarctic lokacin da balaguro ƙarƙashin umarnin kyaftin Alberto J. Oddera ya sanya wani silinda mai ɗauke da rahoto da tuta a Tsibirin Deception. A cikin Janairu 1943, ma'aikatan jirgin na Burtaniya HMS Carnarvon Castle sun cire shaidar bikin rantsar da Argentina kuma suka kafa tutar Burtaniya. A ranar 5 ga Maris na wannan shekarar, jirgin ruwan Argentina ARA 1° de Mayo ya cire tutar Burtaniya.

A shekara ta 1946, Hukumar Antarctic ta Kasa ta kafa sabbin iyakoki ga Antarctica ta Argentina tsakanin Meridian 25 ° da 74 ° Yamma (kusa da gabas mai nisa na Tsibirin Sandwich na Kudu). A sakamakon waɗannan tarurruka, a ranar 2 ga Satumba, 1946, an ba da Dokar No. 8944, wanda ya kafa sabbin iyakoki. A ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 1957, Dokar-Dokar No. 2129 ta kafa iyakoki na ƙarshe tsakanin meridians 25 ° da 74 ° Yamma da kuma layi daya 60 ° Kudancin latitude.

A ranar 4 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 1948, Chile da Argentina sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar juna don karewa da kare haƙƙin doka na yankin Antarctic, tare da amincewa da juna.

On 7 April 1948, Decree No. 9905 placed the administration of the Argentine Antarctic Sector with the maritime Governor of the National Territory of Tierra del Fuego. On 9 June 1948, by her Decree No. 17040, the "Antarctic and Malvinas Division" was created under authority of the Argentine Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span>]

Wani ma'aunin caterpillar (Tucker Sno-Cat) daga balaguron farko na Argentina wanda ya kai Kudancin Kudancin a shekarar 1965.

Kasancewa a cikin Yankin Antarctic tun daga 1951

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An buɗe sansanin Nahiyar Argentine na farko a Antarctica, rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Almirante Brown, a cikin 1951. A shekara ta gaba, rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Esperanza (yanzu Esperanza Base) ta buɗe. A ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 1952, yayin da ake gina Esperanza Base a Hope Bay, yakin farko na harbi a Antarctica ya faru lokacin da tawagar Argentina ta harba bindiga a kan shugabannin wata tawagar farar hula na British Falkland Dependencies Survey ma'aikatan da suka tilasta su janye zuwa jirginsu, John Biscoe.. [9][10]

A ranar 17 ga watan Janairun 1953, a tsibirin Deception, ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Argentina ARA Chiriguano sun buɗe Refugio Teniente Lasala (wani hutun da alfarwa). A ranar 15 ga Fabrairu, 32 Royal Marines na jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya HMS Snipe, dauke da bindigogi na Sten, bindigogi, da iskar hawaye, sun kama ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa biyu na Argentina. An lalata mafakar Argentine da wani hutun Chilean da ba a zaune ba. An kawo ma'aikatan jirgin ruwa na Argentina a cikin jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya zuwa Kudancin Georgia a ranar 18 ga Fabrairu.[11] Wani rukuni na Burtaniya ya zauna watanni uku a tsibirin yayin da jirgin ya yi sintiri a cikin ruwa har zuwa watan Afrilu.

A ranar 4 ga Mayu 1955, Ƙasar Ingila ta shigar da kara biyu a kan Argentina da Chile bi da bi, a Kotun Shari'a ta Duniya a The Hague don bayyana ikirarin Argentina da Chile a kan yankunan Antarctic da sub-Antarctic marasa inganci. A ranar 15 ga Yulin 1955, Gwamnatin Chile ta ki amincewa da ikon Kotun a wannan shari'ar, kuma a ranar 1 ga Agusta, Gwamnatin Argentina ta yi haka.[12]

Sa hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Antarctic

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A ranar 1 ga Disamba 1959, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, Faransa, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Afirka ta Kudu, Tarayyar Soviet, Ingila, da Amurka sun sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Antarctic, ta fara aiki a ranar 23 ga Yuni 1961.

A cikin shekarun 1960, Argentina, tare da rundunarta, sun fara gudanar da tafiye-tafiye na yawon bude ido zuwa Antarctica. A lokaci guda, kamfanin Aerolíneas Argentinas na jihar Argentina ya fara zirga-zirgar fasinjoji tsakanin Ushuaia da Sydney, ya sauka a Marambio Base. Tsakanin tsakiyar shekarun 1960 da rabi na farko na shekarun 1970, Argentina ta kaddamar da rokoki daga sansanonin Antarctic. An tsara waɗannan rokoki kuma an gina su a Argentina kuma suna da kayan aikin yanayi da na'urori masu auna radiation.

Operación 90 ita ce tafiyar ƙasa ta farko ta Argentina zuwa Kudancin Pole. Sojoji goma na Sojojin Argentina ne suka gudanar da shi a shekarar 1965 a karkashin Colonel Jorge Edgard Leal na lokacin. An sanya sunan Aikin 90 don ƙaddamar da digiri 90 na latitude na Kudu (Kudancin Kudancin). [13]

Cibiyar Esperanza a kan Tsibirin Triniti a cikin 2012.

A ranar 8 ga Afrilu 1970, Gwamnan Tierra del Fuego ya ba da Dokar No. 149 ta kirkiro sabbin sassan hudu, daga cikinsu Sashen Antarctic na Argentina.

A cikin 1977, an zaɓi Esperanza Base don gina dangin Argentine waɗanda suka yi lokacin hunturu a Antarctica.  Darakta na farko na Cibiyar Antarctic ta Argentine, Janar Hernán Pujato, shi ne farkon shigar da Fortin Sargento Cabral.  A ranar 13 ga Agusta 1954, ya ba da shawarar cewa gwamnatin Argentine ta ƙirƙiri gidaje kusa da Esperanza Base don cika da iyalai tare da manufar ƙarfafa haƙƙin Argentine a wannan ɓangaren Antarctica.  Bayan kammala ginin gidaje, an kafa Fortin Sargento Cabral a ranar 17 ga Fabrairu 1978 tare da gidaje biyar.

Mutumin farko da aka rubuta da aka haifa a Antarctica shi ne Argentine Emilio Palma a Esperanza Base a shekarar 1978. Baftismarsa a cikin cocin Katolika a ranar 7 ga Janairun 1978 ita ce baftismar farko da aka rubuta a nahiyar.

A ranar 18 ga watan Disamba na shekara ta 2012, Ofishin Harkokin Waje da Commonwealth na Burtaniya ya ba da sanarwar cewa yankin kudancin yankin Antarctic na Burtaniya (wanda ya haɗa da wani ɓangare na Antarctica na Argentina) za a kira shi Sarauniya Elizabeth Land don girmama Sarauniya Elizabeth II. Argentina ta yi adawa da shawarar da Burtaniya ta yanke na sake sunan yankin.[14]

A cikin 2013, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Argentina ta ba da sanarwar cewa Petrel Base zai zama tushe na dindindin a shekarar 2015. Tushen zai sami filin jirgin sama da kayan aiki don canja wurin fasinjoji da kaya.[15][16]

A ranar 27 ga Oktoba, 2017, bisa ga doka na majalisar dokokin lardin Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica da Kudancin tsibirin Atlantic, an soke dokar yankin 149/70 wanda ya kirkiro sashen da sunan sashen Antarctican Antarctica, wanda aka sake masa suna a matsayin sashen Antarctica na Antarctica kuma ya haɗa da cikin sa, sashin tsibirin Kudancin Ork.

Jirgin ruwa a Hope Bay, Antarctica .

Tsarin ƙasa na Argentine Antarctica yana da wasu fasalulluka tare da Patagonia, wanda ke arewa. Mafi girman tsaunuka suna a kudancin Antarctic Peninsula, wanda ke da tsibirai da tsibannin da ke kusa. Ƙasar tana ƙarƙashin kankara.

Yanayi

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The climate of the region ranges from a subpolar climate in the north to a polar climate in the south.[17] The region has an extremely cold climate, with mean temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) with frost and snowfall occurring throughout the year.[18] In general, there are two different climatic zones found within the region: a glacial climate in the interior and an oceanic one in the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent islands.[18] The glacial climate found in the interior is dominated by continental ice sheets and glaciers, while in the Antarctic Peninsula and its adjacent islands, the climate is characterized by very strong winds, particularly in winter.[18] In particular, the Antarctic Peninsula experiences strong cold winds and blizzards.[19] In the interior of the continent, the climate is colder and drier due to the higher latitude, altitude, and strong continental influences.[19] Mean annual temperatures range from −10 to −20 °C (14 to −4 °F) in the Antarctic Peninsula to −30 to −50 °C (−22 to −58 °F) in the interior.[19] Temperatures are always low in the region; during the polar night in winter, temperatures drop to −42 °C (−44 °F).[18] In the warmest month, mean temperatures are usually below 0 °C (32 °F).[18] Coastal areas have mean temperatures in the warmest month at around freezing.[19] Precipitation mainly falls as snow.[18] Due to the ice sheets and glaciers covering most of the region and the severity of the climate, the flora is sparse and limited only to coastal areas.[18]

Matsakaicin zafin jiki a wuraren da aka zaɓa a cikin ° C (° F)
Jan         Fabrairu         Tekun         Afrilu         Mayu         Yuni         Yuli         Aug         Bakwai       Oktoba         Nuwamba         Disamba         Shekara-shekara    
Orcadas Base [20] 1.4 °C (34.5 °F) 1.4 °C (34.5 °F) 0.4 °C (32.7 °F) −1.8 °C (28.8 °F) −4.6 °C (23.7 °F) −7.9 °C (17.8 °F) −9.3 °C (15.3 °F) −7.8 °C (18.0 °F) −5.4 °C (22.3 °F) −2.8 °C (27.0 °F) −0.7 °C (30.7 °F) 0.6 °C (33.1 °F) −3.0 °C (26.6 °F)
Tushen Bege [20] 1.4 °C (34.5 °F) 0.7 °C (33.3 °F) −2.3 °C (27.9 °F) −6.1 °C (21.0 °F) −8.2 °C (17.2 °F) −10.4 °C (13.3 °F) −10.5 °C (13.1 °F) −9.0 °C (15.8 °F) −6.5 °C (20.3 °F) −4.3 °C (24.3 °F) −1.1 °C (30.0 °F) 0.8 °C (33.4 °F) −4.6 °C (23.7 °F)
Tushen Marambio [20] −0.8 °C (30.6 °F) −2.0 °C (28.4 °F) −6.1 °C (21.0 °F) −10.8 °C (12.6 °F) −12.8 °C (9.0 °F) −14.7 °C (5.5 °F) −14.7 °C (5.5 °F) −13.1 °C (8.4 °F) −10.1 °C (13.8 °F) −7.6 °C (18.3 °F) −3.6 °C (25.5 °F) −1.2 °C (29.8 °F) −8.1 °C (17.4 °F)
San Martín Base [20] 2.0 °C (35.6 °F) 0.9 °C (33.6 °F) −1.2 °C (29.8 °F) −3.3 °C (26.1 °F) −5.3 °C (22.5 °F) −9.3 °C (15.3 °F) −11.6 °C (11.1 °F) −11.5 °C (11.3 °F) −8.9 °C (16.0 °F) −5.9 °C (21.4 °F) −2.0 °C (28.4 °F) 0.8 °C (33.4 °F) −4.6 °C (23.7 °F)
Cibiyar Belgrano II [20] −2.4 °C (27.7 °F) −7.0 °C (19.4 °F) −12.0 °C (10.4 °F) −16.7 °C (1.9 °F) −18.1 °C (−0.6 °F) −19.1 °C (−2.4 °F) −20.4 °C (−4.7 °F) −20.2 °C (−4.4 °F) −18.4 °C (−1.1 °F) −14.8 °C (5.4 °F) −8.0 °C (17.6 °F) −3.0 °C (26.6 °F) −13.3 °C (8.1 °F)
Matsakaicin Ruwan sama a wuraren da aka zaɓa a cikin mm (in)
Jan         Fabrairu         Tekun         Afrilu         Mayu         Yuni         Yuli         Aug         Bakwai       Oktoba         Nuwamba         Disamba         Shekara-shekara    
Orcadas Base [21] 136.9 millimetres (5.39 in) 143.2 millimetres (5.64 in) 169.4 millimetres (6.67 in) 121.2 millimetres (4.77 in) 108.0 millimetres (4.25 in) 81.5 millimetres (3.21 in) 77.5 millimetres (3.05 in) 94.5 millimetres (3.72 in) 85.6 millimetres (3.37 in) 89.1 millimetres (3.51 in) 91.9 millimetres (3.62 in) 109.7 millimetres (4.32 in) 1,308.5 millimetres (51.52 in)
Tushen Bege [21] 38.0 millimetres (1.50 in) 49.9 millimetres (1.96 in) 72.8 millimetres (2.87 in) 49.0 millimetres (1.93 in) 47.7 millimetres (1.88 in) 39.3 millimetres (1.55 in) 40.3 millimetres (1.59 in) 47.4 millimetres (1.87 in) 49.6 millimetres (1.95 in) 50.4 millimetres (1.98 in) 51.0 millimetres (2.01 in) 39.4 millimetres (1.55 in) 574.8 millimetres (22.63 in)
Tushen Marambio [21] 44.4 millimetres (1.75 in) 55.1 millimetres (2.17 in) 51.5 millimetres (2.03 in) 26.1 millimetres (1.03 in) 24.6 millimetres (0.97 in) 13.9 millimetres (0.55 in) 17.8 millimetres (0.70 in) 17.6 millimetres (0.69 in) 30.7 millimetres (1.21 in) 18.1 millimetres (0.71 in) 28.0 millimetres (1.10 in) 35.0 millimetres (1.38 in) 362.8 millimetres (14.28 in)
San Martín Base [21] 13.8 millimetres (0.54 in) 46.5 millimetres (1.83 in) 48.3 millimetres (1.90 in) 33.1 millimetres (1.30 in) 34.4 millimetres (1.35 in) 28.0 millimetres (1.10 in) 39.4 millimetres (1.55 in) 36.4 millimetres (1.43 in) 40.9 millimetres (1.61 in) 32.2 millimetres (1.27 in) 30.4 millimetres (1.20 in) 27.0 millimetres (1.06 in) 410.4 millimetres (16.16 in)
Cibiyar Belgrano II [21] 26.2 millimetres (1.03 in) 27.4 millimetres (1.08 in) 32.5 millimetres (1.28 in) 16.8 millimetres (0.66 in) 22.5 millimetres (0.89 in) 25.0 millimetres (0.98 in) 27.8 millimetres (1.09 in) 26.9 millimetres (1.06 in) 39.0 millimetres (1.54 in) 20.2 millimetres (0.80 in) 18.2 millimetres (0.72 in) 17.0 millimetres (0.67 in) 299.5 millimetres (11.79 in)

Alamomi

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Fadar Tierra del Fuego

An karɓi tutar Tierra del Fuego, wanda ya haɗa da Antarctica ta Argentina, a cikin 1999 sakamakon gasa. Fadar launi biyu ce ta sama mai launin shudi da orange tare da fararen albatross da ke raba tutar a cikin layi da kuma Kudancin Kudancin a cikin rabin sama mai launin ruwan kasa. Orange yana wakiltar wuta a cikin sunan lardin, yayin da blue ke wakiltar sama kuma yana nuna launi na tutar ƙasa.

Gidajen Argentina

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Cibiyoyin Argentina a kan Antarctica (cibiyoyin dindindin a ja).
Jirgin Almirante Irizar, babban layin samar da kayayyaki ga sansanonin Argentina a Antarctica tun 1978.

Esperanza da Marambio sune manyan sansanoni na Argentine, tare da riƙe gine-gine 70, tare da haɗin haɗin kai daga kusan 110 a cikin hunturu zuwa 250 a lokacin rani.  Orcadas Base a Kudancin Orkney shine tushen Antarctic na farko a duniya, yana ci gaba da aiki tun daga 1903. Kudanci na dindindin na Argentine shine Belgrano II, a kusan digiri 77 a kudu.  Tushen rani na kudu shine Sobral, 1,450 km (901 mi) daga Belgrano II.

Ana ba da tushe ta jiragen ruwa da kuma jirgin C-130 Hercules da DHC-6 Twin Otter.

Rundunar Sojan Ruwa na Argentina tana ba da albarkatu ga ayyukanta na shekara-shekara na Antarctic. A cikin 2022/23, an ba da jiragen ruwa na Puerto Argentino da Estrecho San Carlos aiki zuwa aikin, tare da jirgin ruwa mai suna Almirante Irízar . [22] Wadannan jiragen ruwa sun sami goyon baya daga jirage masu saukar ungulu na Argentine Navy King.[23]

Ya zuwa tsakiyar 2023, Argentina tana cikin tattaunawa da Finland don gina sabon jirgin ruwa na polar, "ARC 133". Jirgin zai zama jirgin ruwa na Polar 4 (aikin shekara-shekara a cikin kankara mai zurfi na shekara ta farko, wanda zai iya haɗawa da tsoffin kankara) kuma ana sa ran kammala shi a ƙarshen 2020s.[24]

Cibiyoyin dindindin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Belgrano II (77°52′S 34°37′W / 77.867°S 34.617°W / -77.867; -34.617), dakin gwaje-gwaje da tashar yanayi; kudancin Argentina (tun 1979)
  • Belgrano III (77°54′02′′S 45°47′01′′W / 77.90056°S 45.78361°W / -77.90056; -45.78361) (an rufe shi)
  • Esperanza (63°24′S 57°00′W / 63.400°S 57.000°W / -63.400; -57.000), Hope Bay Laboratory da tashar meteorological (tun 1952) Rediyo LRA36 National Arcángel San Gabriel, Makarantar #38 Shugaba Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín (tun 1978) Cocin Katolika, Post, Gym, rajistar Fata'a, tashar jiragen ruwa, wuraren yawon bude ido
    • Gidan gwaje-gwaje da tashar yanayi (tun 1952)
    • Rediyon LRA36 na kasa Arcángel San Gabriel, Makarantar #38 Shugaba Raúl Ricardo Alfonsín (tun daga 1978)
    • Cocin Katolika, Post, Gym, rajistar jama'a, tashar jiragen ruwa, wuraren yawon bude ido
  • Carlini (62°14′S 58°40′W / 62.233°S 58.667°W / -62.233; -58.667), tashar kimiyya a Tsibirin King GeorgeTsibirin Sarki George
  • Tashar Marambio Base (64°14′S 56°37′W / 64.233°S 56.617°W / -64.233; -56.617), Laboratory na Tsibirin Seymour-Marambio, tashar meteorological Filin jirgin sama, 1.2 km tsawo, 30m fadi (tun 1969) (Gidan yanar gizo)
    • Gidan gwaje-gwaje, tashar yanayi
    • Filin jirgin sama, 1.2 km tsawo, 30m fadi (tun 1969) (Gidan yanar gizo)  
  • Orcadas Base (60°44′S 44°44′W / 60.733°S 44.733°W / -60.733; -44.733), Tsibirin Orkney na Kudu (tun 1903)
  • San Martín Base (68°08′S 67°06′W / 68.133°S 67.100°W / -68.133; -67.100), dakin gwaje-gwaje da tashar yanayi (tun 1951)

Tushen yanayi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Laftanar Camara Base (1957) 62°02′S 58°42′W / 62.033°S 58.700°W / -62.033; -58.700, Tsibirin Livingston
  • Base Deception (1948) 62°52′S 60°43′W / 62.867°S 60.717°W / -62.867; -60.717, Tsibirin DeceptionTsibirin Yaudara
  • Tashar Jirgin Sama ta Petrel (1967) 63°28′S 56°17′W / 63.467°S 56.283°W / -63.467; -56.283 Tsibirin Dundee
  • Base Primavera (1977) 64°09′S 60°57′W / 64.150°S 60.950°W / -64.150; -60.950, Tsibirin Alexander
  • Base Melchior (1947) 64°20′S 62°59′W / 64.333°S 62.983°W / -64.333; -62.983 Anvers IslandTsibirin Antwerp
  • Almiranta Brown Base (1951) 64°53′S 62°53′W / 64.883°S 62.883°W / -64.883; -62.883, Paradise BayBayar Aljanna
  • Laftanar Matienzo Base (1961) 64°58′S 60°04′W / 64.967°S 60.067°W / -64.967; -60.067, Larsen Nunatak

sansanoni, gidaje da sauran cibiyoyin

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gidan Groussac a Tsibirin Petermann
  • Base <i id="mwA9Y">Alférez na Navío Sobral</i> (1965) 81°05′S 40°00′W / 81.083°S 40.000°W / -81.083; -40.000, Edith Ronne Land (rufe)
  • Tashar Kimiyya ta Ellsworth (tsohuwar Amurka) (1958) 77°45′S 41°00′W / 77.750°S 41.000°W / -77.750; -41.000, Tekun Weddell (rufe)
  • Mazaunin <i id="mwA94">Francisco de Gurruchaga</i> 62°15′S 59°00′W / 62.250°S 59.000°W / -62.250; -59.000, Tsibirin Nelson (buɗe a matsayin hutun)
  • Base Ballvé 62°12′36′′S 58°56′03′′W / 62.21000°S 58.93417°W / -62.21000; -58.93417, King George Island (buɗe a matsayin hutun)
  • Belgrano I Base 77°47′S 38°15′W / 77.783°S 38.250°W / -77.783; -38.250, Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (rufe)
  • Belgrano III Base 77°54′02′′S 45°47′01′′W / 77.90056°S 45.78361°W / -77.90056; -45.78361, Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (rufe)
  • Camp Livingston 62°39′22′′S 61°00′39′′W / 62.65611°S 61.01083°W / -62.65611. -61.01083, Byers Peninsula, Livingston Island
  • Refugio Sweden 63°22′S 56°59′W / 63.367°S 56.983°W / -63.367; -56.983, Snow Hill Island (wanda aka gina a watan Fabrairun 1902 ta Swedish South Polar Expedition)
  • Refuge Abrazo de Maipú 63°20′45′′S 57°33′12′′W / 63.34583°S 57.55333°W / -63.34583; -57.55333, Trinity Peninsula (wanda aka gudanar tsakanin Chile da Argentina)

Da'awar Argentina game da Yankin Antarctic ya haɗu da Da'awar Antarctic na Chile, 53 ° W zuwa 90 ° W, da kuma Da'awar Burtaniya, 20 ° W zuwa 80 ° W.

A halin yanzu, babu wani yunkuri daga Argentina ko wata ƙasa don aiwatar da ikirarin yankin a Antarctica. Dubi Jerin da'awar yankin Antarctic.

Babu wani daga cikin wadannan da'awar da ya sami karbuwa a duniya.

Yawan jama'a

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yara, matasa da malamai na makarantar Esperanza Base

A shekara ta 1978, an haifi jariri na farko na Antarctic a Fortín Sargento Cabral a Esperanza Base. An ba shi suna Emilio Palma . [25] María de las Nieves Delgado ita ce yarinya ta farko ta Antarctic, an haife ta a ranar 27 ga Maris 1978 a Esperanza Base . A shekara ta 1980, an haifi wasu yara shida a tushe: Rubén Eduardo de Carli (21 ga Satumba 1979), Francisco Javier Sosa (21 ga Satumbar 1979), Silvina Analía Arnouil (14 ga Janairu 1980), José Manuel Valladares Solís (24 ga Janairu 1980, Lucas Daniel Posse (4 ga Fabrairu 1980) da María Sol Cosenza (3 ga Mayu 1983). [26] Cibiyar tana da ofishin rajistar farar hula na Argentina inda aka yi haihuwa da bukukuwan aure.[27]

A cikin 1991, akwai mazaunan dindindin 142, gami da ƙananan yara 19. Waɗannan mazauna iyalai ne da ke zaune a Antarctica ko kuma masana kimiyya waɗanda suka zauna a can sama da shekaru biyu. Akwai maza 121 da mata 21 waɗanda galibi ke zaune kusa da Esperanza da wasu sansanonin. Tun daga 1998-1999, Antarctica ta Argentine tana da yawan hunturu na 165.

Dubi kuma

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ofishin Antarctic a Ushuaia
  1. ↑ "The Antarctic Treaty" (PDF). Inventory of International Nonproliferation Organizations and Regimes. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
  2. ↑ "división política. Provincia de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur. Provincia santa cruz" (PDF) (in Sifaniyanci). Retrieved 16 December 2021.
  3. ↑ "Censo 2010: en la Antártida viven 230 personas, 9 familias y 16 niños | Ciudadanos". La Voz del Interior (in Sifaniyanci). 2010-10-25. Retrieved 2024-01-04.
  4. ↑ "INDEC: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos de la República Argentina". www.indec.gob.ar (in Sifaniyanci). Retrieved 2023-08-03.
  5. ↑ de 2021, 16 de Noviembre (16 November 2021). "Elecciones 2021: Juntos por el Cambio arrasó en la Antártida y el Frente de Todos quedó tercero". infobae (in Sifaniyanci).
  6. ↑ "List of Historic Sites and Monuments approved by the ATCM yoggynhyss-date=2013-12-30" (PDF). Antarctic Treaty Secretariat. 2012.
  7. ↑ "Conmemoración de Hugo Alberto Acuña y su izado de la bandera argentina en la Antártida" (in Sifaniyanci). Archived from the original on 14 May 2013.
  8. ↑ "Dirección Nacional del Antártico | Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Internacional y Culto". cancilleria.gob.ar (in Sifaniyanci). Retrieved 2024-01-04.
  9. ↑ "FALKLAND ISLANDS DEPENDENCIES (HOPE BAY INCIDENT)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard) (in Turanci). 20 February 1952.
  10. ↑ "1952 – Quinta Invasión Inglesa a la Antártida Argentina". irizar.org (in Sifaniyanci). Archived from the original on 2021-09-17. Retrieved 2025-08-10.
  11. ↑ "Indice General de Histarmar". www.histarmar.com.ar (in Sifaniyanci). Retrieved 2024-01-04.
  12. ↑ "Antarctica (United Kingdom v. Argentina)". Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  13. ↑ "Operación 90: La llegada al Polo Sur por vía terrestre" by Jorge Edgard Leal (in Spanish)

    (Click on Llegada al Polo (terrestre) on the column at the left)
  14. ↑ "Argentina angry after Antarctic territory named after Queen". BBC News. 22 December 2012. Retrieved 22 December 2012.
  15. ↑ "La Radio Pública presente en la Campaña Antártica de verano" (in Sifaniyanci).
  16. ↑ "Argentina convirtiendo la Base transitoria Petrel en Antártida en permanente". MercoPress (in Sifaniyanci). Retrieved 2024-01-04.
  17. ↑ "Regiones argentinas" (in Sifaniyanci). Embassy of Argentina in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  18. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Antártida" (in Sifaniyanci). Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación. Archived from the original on 11 November 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2016.
  19. 1 2 3 4 Izaguirre, Irina; Sánchez, Rodolfo. "Situación Ambiental en La Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur" (PDF) (in Sifaniyanci). Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 December 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2016.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 "Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1981–2010" (in Sifaniyanci). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from the original on 19 January 2018. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 "Clima en la Argentina: Guia Climática por localidades". Caracterización: Estadísticas de largo plazo (in Sifaniyanci). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from the original on 7 February 2019. Retrieved 21 April 2018.
  22. ↑ Piñeiro, Luis (11 November 2022). "La Armada Argentina se prepara para la campaña antártica 2022/23". Defensa.com.
  23. ↑ "El "Irízar" arribó a Ushuaia concluyendo la segunda etapa de la Campaña Antártica de Verano". Argentine Ministry of Defence (in Sifaniyanci). 14 March 2023.
  24. ↑ Dinatale, Martin (4 May 2023). "Fuerzas Armadas: Argentina y Finlandia avanzan en la construcción de un buque para la Antártida". El Cronista (in Sifaniyanci).
  25. ↑ "Emilio Marcos Palma at 30". Archived from the original on 17 October 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2015.
  26. ↑ "Espíritu Güemesiano en la Antártida". www.marambio.aq (in Sifaniyanci). Retrieved 2024-01-04.
  27. ↑ "Ejército Argentino". Argentina.gob.ar. 22 December 2017. Archived from the original on 17 January 2010.
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