Yanayin ƙasar Fiji

Yanayin Fiji a Oceania

Yanayin ƙasar Fiji

Fiji tsibiri ne na tsibiran tsibirai masu aman wuta da ke da manyan tsibirai biyu a Kudancin Pacific, yana kwance kusan kilomita 1,770 (1,100 mi) arewa da New Zealand da kilomita 4,450 (2,770 mi) kudu maso yammacin Honolulu.  Daga cikin tsibiran 332 da ƙananan tsibirai 522 da ke cikin tsibirai, kusan 106 suna zama na dindindin.[1]  Jimlar girman ƙasar shine murabba'in kilomita 18,272 (7,055 sq mi).  Tana da yanki na Musamman na Tattalin Arziki na Musamman na 26 na murabba'in kilomita 1,282,978 (495,361 sq mi).

Viti Levu, tsibiri mafi girma, ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 57% na ƙasar ƙasar, yana ɗaukar bakuncin manyan biranen hukuma biyu (Suva babban birnin kasar, da Lautoka) da galibin sauran manyan garuruwa, irin su Nausori, Vaileka, Ba, Tavua, Koorvou, Nasinu, da Nadi (wurin filin jirgin sama na duniya), kuma ya ƙunshi kusan kashi 69% na yawan jama'a.  Vanua Levu, mai nisan kilomita 64 (40 mi) zuwa arewa maso gabas na Viti Levu, ya mamaye kusan kashi 30% na yankin duk da yake gida ne ga kusan kashi 15% na yawan jama'a.  Manyan garuruwanta su ne Labasa da Savusavu.  A arewa maso gabas yana da fasalin Natewa Bay, wanda ke sassaka yankin Loa.

Dukkanin tsibirai suna da tsaunuka, tare da tsaunukan tsaunuka har zuwa 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) m (4,300 suna tashi kwatsam daga bakin teku, kuma an rufe su da gandun daji na wurare masu zafi. Ruwan sama mai tsanani (har zuwa 304 centimetres (120 in) a kowace shekara) yana faɗuwa a gefen iska (kudu maso gabas), yana rufe waɗannan sassan tsibirin tare da gandun daji mai zafi. Lowlands a yammacin kowane babban tsibirin yana da kariya daga duwatsu kuma yana da alamar fari mai kyau ga amfanin gona kamar sukari.

Sauran tsibirai da kungiyoyin tsibiri, waɗanda ke rufe kawai 12.5% na yanki kuma suna da kusan kashi 16% na yawan jama'a, sun haɗa da Taveuni kudu maso gabas daga Vanua Levu da tsibirin Kadavu, kudu maso gabashin Viti Levu (tsibirin na uku da na huɗu mafi girma bi da bi), Ƙungiyar Mamanuca (kusa da Nadi) da Yasawa Group (zuwa arewacin Mamanucas), waɗanda ke da mashahurin wurin yawon shakatawa na Sumanucas. Levuka, tsohon babban birnin kasar kuma shi ne kawai babban birni a kan kowane ƙananan tsibiran, wanda ke tsibirin Ovalau, da kuma rukunin Lau mai nisa a kan Tekun Koro zuwa gabas kusa da Tonga, wanda ke raba shi da Layin Lakeba.

Two outlying regions are Rotuma, 400 kilometres (250 mi) to the north, and the uninhabited coral atoll and cay Ceva-i-Ra or Conway Reef, 450 kilometres (280 mi) to the southwest of main Fiji. Culturally conservative Rotuma with its 2,000 people on 44 square kilometres (17 sq mi) geographically belongs to Polynesia, and enjoys relative autonomy as a Fijian dependency.

Fiji Television reported on 21 September 2006 that the Fiji Islands Maritime and Safety Administration (FIMSA), while reviewing its outdated maritime charts, had discovered the possibility that more islands could lie within Fiji's Exclusive Economic Zone.

Fiye da rabin yawan mutanen Fiji suna zaune a bakin tekun tsibirin, ko dai a Suva ko a cikin ƙananan birane. Gidan yana da ƙarancin jama'a saboda mummunan yanayin da yake ciki.

Kididdiga

Location

Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean; geographic coordinates:

18°00′S 179°00′E

Map references

Oceania

Area

• Total: 18,274 square kilometres (7,056 sq mi)
• Land: 18,274 square kilometres (7,056 sq mi)
• Water: 0 square kilometres (0 sq mi)

Area – comparative

Slightly smaller than New Jersey; slightly less than one third Nova Scotia's size; slightly smaller than Wales

Land boundaries

0 kilometres (0 mi)

Coastline

1,120 kilometres (700 mi)

Maritime claims

• Measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
• Territorial sea: 12 nautical miles (22 km; 14 mi)
• Exclusive economic zone: 1,282,978 square kilometres (495,361 sq mi). 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi)
• Continental shelf: 200 metres (660 ft) depth or to the depth of exploitation; rectilinear shelf claim added

Terrain

• Mostly mountains of volcanic origin, beaches
• A recent global remote sensing analysis suggested that there were 438 km² of tidal flats in Fiji, making it the 49th ranked country in terms of tidal flat area.

Elevation extremes

• Lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 kilometres (0 mi)
• Highest point: Mount Tomanivi 1,324 metres (4,344 ft)

Natural resources

Timber, fish, gold, copper, offshore oil potential, hydropower

Land use

• Arable land: 9.03%
• Permanent crops: 4.65%
• Other: 86.32% (2011)

Irrigated land

30 square kilometres (12 sq mi) (2003)

Total renewable water resources

28.55 cubic kilometres (6.85 cu mi) (2011)

Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)

• total: 0.08 cubic kilometres per year (0.019 cu mi/a) (30%/11%/59%)
• per capita: 100.1 cubic metres per year (130.9 cu yd/a) (2005)

Natural hazards

Cyclonic storms can occur from November to January

Environment – current issues

Deforestation; soil erosion

Environment – international agreements

• Party to: biodiversity, climate change-Kyoto Protocol, desertification, endangered species, law of the sea, marine life conservation, ozone layer protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, wetlands
• Signed, but not ratified: None of the selected agreements

Geography – note

Includes 322 islands and islets of which approximately 110 are inhabited

Yanayi

Fiji tana da Yanayin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi da kuma yanayin zafi na wurare masu wurare masu zafi (Af da Am bisa ga rarraba yanayin Köppen). Suva, babban birnin, yana samun ruwan sama fiye da Nadi ko wancan gefen Viti Levu. Abubuwan da suka faru na El Niño da La Niña suna da tasiri sosai a kan ruwan sama. Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi na iya tasiri Fiji kuma a wasu lokuta na iya haifar da mummunar lalacewa da mutuwar mutane da yawa. A cikin 2016, Guguwar Winston ta haifar da lalacewa mai yawa kuma ta shafi daruruwan dubban mutane bayan ta buge Fiji. Bayan 'yan shekaru, Cyclone Harold ya haifar da lalacewa mai yawa.

Canjin yanayi a Fiji wani lamari ne mai matukar damuwa ga kasar - a matsayin tsibirin tsibirin, Fiji tana da matukar damuwa ga hauhawar matakin teku, Rushewar bakin teku da matsanancin yanayi. Wadannan canje-canje, tare da hauhawar zafin jiki, za su kawar da al'ummomin Fiji kuma za su kasance masu rushewa ga tattalin arzikin ƙasa - yawon bude ido, noma da kamun kifi, manyan masu ba da gudummawa ga GDP na ƙasar, za su sami mummunar tasiri ta hanyar canjin yanayi wanda ke haifar da karuwar talauci da rashin tsaro na abinci. A matsayinta na jam'iyya ga Yarjejeniyar Kyoto da Yarjejeniyar Yanayi ta Paris, Fiji na fatan cimma matsaya ta hanyar fitar da hayaki a shekarar 2050 wanda, tare da manufofi na kasa, zai taimaka wajen rage tasirin canjin yanayi.

Tectonics

Fiji tana kan kusurwar arewa maso gabashin Farantin Indo-Australia kusa da inda ta ragu a ƙarƙashin farantin Pacific a kan microplate na Arewacin Fiji Basin tsakanin Yankin Kashewar Arewacin Fiji a arewa da Yankin Kasuwancin Hunter a kudu. Yana daga cikin Ring of Fire, jerin tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta a kusa da iyakar Tekun Pacific.

Abubuwa masu tsanani

Wannan jerin manyan wurare ne na Fiji, wuraren da ke arewa, kudu, gabas ko yamma fiye da kowane wuri.

• Yankin arewacin - Tsibirin Uea, Rotuma, Yankin Gabas
• Yankin Gabas - Tsibirin Vatoa, Yankin Gabashin
• Yankin kudu - tsibirin Ceva-i-Ra, Yammacin Yamma
• Yammacin Yamma - Tsibirin Viwa, Yammacin

Muhalli

Fiji tana da tsibirai sama da ɗari uku, huɗu daga cikinsu suna da girma sosai. Daga mafi girma zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta, waɗannan tsibirai huɗu sune Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Tsibirin Kadavu, da Tsibirin Taveuni. Tsibirin Fiji gida ne ga yawancin tsire-tsire da Dabbobi. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Fiji banded iguana
• Fiji crested iguana

Fiji ta taba karbar bakuncin nau'ikan Pleistocene da Holocene da suka ƙare yanzu, gami da babban giwa na jinsin Volia, wanda mai yiwuwa shine mafi girman mai cin nama na mahallinta. Sauran sanannun nau'o'in da suka ƙare sun haɗa da Lapitiguana impensa, babban iguana, da kuma giant pigeon Viti Levu wanda ba ya tashi.