Yanayin ƙasar Franz Josef

Wurin Franz Josef Land

Taswirar ƙasar Franz Josef

Tsibirin Northbrook

Yanayin Yankin na Franz Josef Land wani rukunin tsibiri na yankin Arkhangelsk na Rasha. Yana cikin Tekun Barents na Arctic, arewacin Novaya Zemlya da gabashin Svalbard. A latitudes tsakanin 80.0° da 81.9° arewa, ita ce mafi girman rukunin tsibiran da ke da alaƙa da Eurasia. Matsakaicin wurin arewa shine Cape Fligely akan tsibirin Rudolf. Tsibirin ya ƙunshi tsibirai 191 da ƙanƙara ke lulluɓe tare da jimlar faɗin 16,134 km2 (6,229 sq mi). A halin yanzu ba kowa. Tsibirin yana da nisan kilomita 900 zuwa 1,110 (kilomita 560 zuwa 690) daga Pole ta Arewa, kuma tsibiran arewa sun fi kusa da Pole fiye da kowace ƙasa banda tsibirin Ellesmere na Kanada da Greenland. Tsibiri mafi girma shine Zemlya Georga (George Land) wanda ke auna nisan kilomita 110 (68 mi) daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe. Matsayi mafi girma a cikin tsibiran yana kan Ostrov Viner-Neyshtadt (Tsibirin Wiener Neustadt) wanda ya kai 620 m (2,034 ft) sama da matakin teku. Babban gungu na manyan tsibiran da ke tsakiyar tsibiran ya samar da ƙaƙƙarfan gabaɗaya, wanda aka fi sani da Zichy Land, inda tsibiran ke rabu da juna ta kunkuntar sauti da ke daskarewa a mafi yawan shekara.

A lokacin 1926 da 1932 Franz Josef Land wanda aka fi sani da shi a cikin Rasha da Zemlya Franca Josepha ya zama wani ɓangare na Tarayyar Soviet kuma an haɗa shi a ƙarƙashin Arkhangelsk Oblast . A shekara ta 1994, an ayyana shi a matsayin Sakasnik Nature Reserve wanda ke rufe yanki na kilomita 42,000 (16,000 sq ciki har da yankin teku da ke kewaye da ƙasar amma tare da ƙuntataccen shigarwa kawai a kan izini na musamman wanda ba a ba da sauƙi ba; daga wannan yanki, 'i kilomita 50 (19 sq yankin da ke kusa da sansanin soja na Nagurskoye a kan Alexandra Land gaba ɗaya ba ne.

Yanayin ƙasa

Cannonball concretion (dutse mai laushi) a tsibirin Champ, Franz Josef Land

Tsibirin yana kusa da kusan kilomita 900 (560 daga Arewacin Pole, nesa da Polar Circle. Tsibirin 191 na rukuni suna auna kilomita 16,135 (6,230 sq . Sun shimfiɗa a kan tsawon kilomita 234 (145 a arewa maso kudu da kilomita 350 (220 a gabas zuwa yamma. Akwai tsaunuka masu laushi a cikin kewayon mita 400-490 (1,310-1,610 sama da matakin teku. Gabaɗaya ƙasar tana cikin tsawo tsakanin mita 300 (980 a arewa da mita 600 (2,000 a kudu tare da Wilczek Land wanda ya zama mafi girman ƙasa a tsawo na mita 670 (2,200 . Tsibirin suna rufe da kankara har zuwa kashi 85%, ba tare da raguwar ƙasa ba, kuma yankin ƙasar duk tsibirai kusan kashi 20 ne kawai, tare da iyakar bakin teku da ke auna kilomita 4,425 (2,750 . Akwai kankara da yawa, tare da iyakantaccen tsawon ƙasa da mita 400 (1,300 kuma wasu daga cikinsu suna kama da kankara na Antarctic. Ma'aunin radar na iska sun yi rikodin kankara na mita 400 (1,300 a cikin Graham Bell da Hall Islands; babban kankara a kan tsibirin abu ne mai ban mamaki na shekaru 1000 da suka gabata. A sakamakon haka yawan reindeer bai tsira a cikin waɗannan tsibirai ba. Motsawa zuwa yankin bakin teku, inda kankara ta ɓace, ana ganin tabkuna da tafkuna da yawa. Amma kamar yadda wannan yanki yake da iyaka sosai an lura da ƙananan rafi, mafi girma yana da nisan kilomita 19 (12 mi) a kan tsibirin Prince George.

Tsibirin

Ra'ayi kusa da Polar Geophysical Observatory a Tsibirin Heiss

Franz Josef Land comprises some 191 more or less ice-covered islands with a total area of about 16,134 square kilometres (6,229 sq mi); the area varying with the fluctuation of glaciers during rising or receding stages. Its two largest islands are Prince George Island and Wilczek Land, the former lies to the west and the latter to the east in the archipelago. Two geographic subgroups in Franz Joseph Land are Zemlya Zichy (Zichy Land), a large and compact glaciarized island cluster located in the middle of the archipelago containing ten large islands, and Belaya Zemlya, a group of three islands in the northeast named Hvidtenland ("White Land") by Fridtjof Nansen. Through the middle of these two groups runs the wide strait which von Payer named the Austrian Strait, in honour of his country. Rudolph Island is the nearest to the North Pole. The largest island, Zemlya Georga (George Land) measures 110 kilometres (68 mi) from end to end. The highest point in the archipelago is on Ostrov Viner-Neyshtadt (Wiener Neustadt Island) which reaches 620 metres (2,034 ft) above sea level.

An raba tsibirin zuwa akalla rukuni uku:

• Tsibirin Yamma, yammacin Channel na Burtaniya da De Bruyne Sound;
• Tsibirin Gabas, gabashin Arewa maso Gabas Sound, Beryozkina Channel da Austrian Strait;
• Tsibirin tsakiya, duk abin da ke tsakanin waɗannan biyu.

Tsibirin tsakiya sun sake raba cikin ƙananan kungiyoyi:

• Tsibirin Arewa, arewacin Markham Sound;
• Tsibirin Kudancin, kudu da Markham Sound .

Tsibirin da suka fi girma

Sunan	Ƙungiyar Ƙananan Ƙungiyar	Yankin (km2)	Hawan sama (m)
Ƙasar Alexandra	Tsibirin Yamma	1050	382
Yarima George Land	Tsibirin Yamma	2821	416
Tsibirin Bruce	Tsibirin Yamma	191	301
Tsibirin Northbrook	Tsibirin Yamma	254	344
Tsibirin Yarima Rudolf	Tsibirin Arewa	297	461
Tsibirin Karl-Alexander	Tsibirin Arewa	329	365
Tsibirin Rainer	Tsibirin Arewa	140	284
Tsibirin Jackson	Tsibirin Arewa	510	481
Tsibirin Payer	Tsibirin Arewa	151	452
Tsibirin Girma	Tsibirin Arewa	149	447
Tsibirin Salisbury	Tsibirin Arewa	960	450
Tsibirin Ziegler	Tsibirin Arewa	448	554
Tsibirin Wiener Neustadt	Tsibirin Arewa	237	620
Tsibirin Luigi	Tsibirin Arewa	371	442
Tsibirin Champ	Tsibirin Arewa	374	507
Tsibirin Heiss	Tsibirin Arewa	132	242
Tsibirin Hall	Tsibirin Kudancin	1049	502
Tsibirin MacKlintok	Tsibirin Kudancin	612	521
Tsibirin Salm	Tsibirin Kudancin	344	343
Tsibirin Hooker	Tsibirin Kudancin	460	576
Tsibirin Eva-Liv	Tsibirin Gabas	288	381
Tsibirin Ronciere	Tsibirin Gabas	478	431
Ƙasar Wilczek	Tsibirin Gabas	2203	606
Tsibirin Graham Bell	Tsibirin Gabas	1557	509

Tsibirin Yamma

Tsibirin Yammacin ƙasar Franz Josef

Tsibirin yammacin sun rabu da sauran tsibirai ta hanyar British Channel da De Bruyne Sound zuwa gabas. Sun hada da babban Alexandra Land da Prince George Land da karamin Arthur, Bruce Island, Mabel, Bell, da Northbrook tsibirai.

Ƙasar Alexandra

Alexandra Land ita ce tsibirin da ya fi yamma a cikin tsibirin. Yana da yanki na kimanin kilomita 1,051 (406 sq . Sautin Cambridge Sound zuwa gabas da Arkhangelsky Sound daga bakin tekun arewa maso gabas sun raba shi daga Zemlya Georga (wanda aka fi sani da Prince George Land) zuwa gabas. Matsayinta mafi girma shine mita 382 (1,253 a tsakiyar tsibirin, kuma akwai kuma mita 31 (102 a kusa da gabar arewa. Cape Nimrod yana kan iyakar yamma, kuma Cape George Thomas a kan iyakar arewa maso gabashin Arkhangelsky Sound. Akwai tushe mai suna Nagurskoye kusa da gabarta ta arewa, mai suna Jan Nagórski, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin manyan tashoshin yanayi a cikin tsibirin a lokacin Yaƙin Cold. Cibiyar Sojojin Sama ta Rasha da ke arewacin tana cikin tsibirin Alexandra (ko da yake a cikin mummunan yanayi) tare da ƙaramin rundunar tsaro tun 1955. Kafin wannan, tashar tushe mai ma'aikata a arewacin arewa ta kasance a tsibirin Rudolph wanda ya ɓace tun 1955. Yana da titin dusar ƙanƙara mai mita 1,500 (4,921 . Wani jirgin sama mai dauke da kaya na Antonov An-72 ya fadi yayin saukowa a Nagurskoye a ranar 23 ga Disamba 1996.

Yarima George Land

Yarima George Land (Zemlya Georga), yana gabashin tsibirin Alexandra shine tsibirin mafi girma na Franz Josef Land wanda ke auna 110 kilometres (68 mi) daga ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe. Yana da yanki na kilomita 2,820.8 (1,089.1 murabba'i kuma yana cikin latitude 80.50 ° N da longitude 49.50 ° E. Tsawon bakin tekun da aka tsara shi ne kilomita 635.9 (395.1 . Matsayi mafi girma shine mita 416 (1,365 a arewa maso tsakiyar tsibirin. Jackson ya ba da sunan tsibirin "Prince George Land" bayan Jikan Sarauniya Victoria. Har ila yau akwai tsaunuka na mita 362 (1,188 a gefen yamma da mita 364 (1,194 kusa da gabar kudu maso yamma, arewa maso yammacin Gray Bay. A kudu maso gabashin wannan shine Nightingale Sound, wanda ya raba tsibirin daga ƙananan tsibirai na tsibirin Bell, tsibirin Mabel da tsibirin Bruce. A arewacin wannan kuma a gabashin gabar Zemlya Georga shine British Channel, wanda ke da Tsibirin Hooker zuwa kudu maso gabas. Zemlya Georga yana da caps da yawa a arewacin iyakarsa, gami da Cape Murray a arewa maso gabashin tsibirin, Cape Bruce a arewa maso gabas, da Cape Battenberg a arewacin tsibirin, yana nuna arewacin tsibiri. Koguna da yawa a lokacin bazara suna gudana cikin teku a gefen arewa maso yamma, kuma Geographer Bay ya raba arewa maso gabas da arewa maso gabar gabashin. Daga bakin tekun arewa, Leigh Smith Sound ya raba Zemlya Georga daga karamin Tsibirin Arthur, wanda ke da tsawo na mita 275 (902 da Cape Ice Reconnaissance a bakin tekun Arewa.

Tsibirin Arewa

Tsibirin Arewa da Tsakiya na Franz Josef Land

Tsibirin arewa da na tsakiya suna arewacin De Bruyne Sound da Markham Sound da yammacin Austrian Strait. Sun hada da tsibirin Rudolf a arewa, tsibirin Zichy Land, da tsibirin Heiss da Komsomol a kudu maso gabas.

Tsibirin Rudolf

Tsibirin Rudolf

Cape Fligely a Tsibirin Rudolf a 81°52' N shine mafi arewacin yankin Franz Josef Land. Lieutenant Julius von Payer, jami'in sojojin Austro-Hungary, mai zane-zane, kuma mai hawan dutse, ya dasa tutar Austro-Fungary a Cape Fligely a lokacin balaguron 1874 wanda ya gano Franz Josef Land. Binciken Baldwin-Ziegler ya isa a 1902 kuma ya kafa tashar, kuma balaguron Fiala-Zieglers ya kafa sansani a nan na yanayi biyu. An kafa tashar meteorological a cikin 1932 tare da daidaitawa tare da Shekarar Polar ta Duniya (1932-3) amma an kwashe shi a cikin 1941. Wani tashar daga baya ya yi aiki har zuwa 1995. Yawancin tashoshin Soviet kafin yakin duniya na biyu sun kasance a Teplitz Bay amma kadan ya kasance bisa ga abubuwan da aka lura da tafiyar Kapitan Dranitsyn a shekara ta 2004.

Ƙasar Zichy

Tsibirin Wiener Neustadt

Tsibirin tsibirin Zemlya Zichy an raba su da juna ta hanyar ƙananan sauti waɗanda ke daskarewa mafi yawan shekara, suna samar da ƙaramin tsari. Daga arewa zuwa kudu manyan tsibirai sune Karl-Alexander Island, Rainer Island, Jackson Island, Payer Island, Greely Island, Ziegler Island, Salisbury Island, Wiener Neustadt Island, Luigi Island da Champ Island.

Tsibirin Karl-Alexander ya rufe yanki na kilomita 329.2 (127.1 sq tare da tsawo na mita 365 (1,198 kuma iyakar bakin teku ta kai kilomita 87.7 (54.5 . Tsibirin Rainer yana da yanki na kilomita 139.8 (54.0 sq . Tsawon tsibirin yana da mita 284 (932 , kuma yana da iyakar bakin teku na tsawon kilomita 48.3 (30.0 . Tsibirin Jackson (Ostrov Dzheksona), wanda Frederick George Jackson ya gano a watan Mayu na shekara ta 1895, yana da kilomita 521.4 (201.3 sq a cikin yanki; mafi girman tsawo shine mita 481 (1,578 kuma tsawon bakin tekun da aka tsara shine kilomita 148.1 (92.0 . Tsibirin Greely, kuma Grili, ya ƙunshi yanki na kilomita 127.2 (49.1 sq tare da tsawon bakin teku na kilomita 52.8 (32.8 . Tsibirin Payer ya rufe yanki na kilomita 160 (62 sq tare da tsawo na mita 284 (932 , kuma yana da bakin teku wanda ya kai tsawon kilomita 59 (37 . Tsibirin Salisbury, wanda aka fi sani da tsibirin Solsberi, yana da yanki na kilomita 959.6 (370.5 sq kuma mafi girman matsayi yana da tsawo na mita 482 (1,581 . Tsawon bakin teku da aka tsara yana da kilomita 184.9 (114.9 .

Tsibirin Wiener Neustadt, kuma Viner-Noyshtadt ko Viner N'Ojstadt, yana cikin 80°45′N 58°18′E / 80.75°N 58.30°E / 80.70; 58.30. Yana da yanki na kilomita 236.5 (91.3 sq kuma yana da matsayi mafi girma na mita 620 (2,030 . Yankin rairayin bakin teku ya kai tsawon kilomita 62.1 (38.6 . Tsibirin Luigi, wanda aka fi sani da Ostrov Luidzhi, yana da yanki na kilomita 370.6 (143.1 sq ; mafi girman matsayi na tsibirin shine mita 468 (1,535 kuma yana da layin bakin teku na kilomita 101.70 (63.19 . Tsibirin Champ yana da yanki na kilomita 374.3 (144.5 sq kuma yana da tsawo na mita 507 (1,663 kuma layin bakin teku ya kai kilomita 90.6 (56.3 .

Heiss da Komsomol

Tsibirin Heiss

Tsibirin Heiss da Tsibirin Komsomol suna kudu maso gabashin ƙasar Zichy. Yankin Austria ya raba tsibirin Hall daga Komsomol da kuma babban Tsibirin Wilczek zuwa arewa maso gabas. Tsibirin Heiss, wanda aka fi sani da Kheysa ko tsibirin Chejsa, an ɗaure shi a cikin latitude 80.55 ° N da longitude 57.50 ° E. Ya ƙunshi yanki na kilomita 132.3 (51.1 sq . Tsawon bakin tekun da aka tsara shi ne kilomita 55.2 (34.3 . Kheysa da aka watsar, wurin kaddamar da roket na Soviet, yana kan wannan tsibirin. A cikin Shekarar Geophysical 1957-58, an kafa sabon tashar meteorological, wanda a tsawon shekaru ya zama mafi girma irin wannan tashar, a bakin karamin tafkin crater a cikin yankin da ba shi da kankara na wannan tsibirin kuma an sanya masa suna bayan Ernst Krenkel, mai binciken Arctic. An rufe tashar a shekara ta 2000 kuma har yanzu ana ganin gine-ginen da aka watsar a nan. An kafa wani tashar yanayi a shekara ta 2005. An sanya sunan tsibirin ne bayan mai binciken Arctic, Isaac Isra'ila Hayes .

Tsibirin Kudancin

Tsibirin Kudancin Franz Josef Land

Tsibirin kudancin suna gabashin De Bruyne Sound, da kudancin British Channel, Markham Sound da Austrian Strait. Sun hada da manyan tsibirai na Hooker, McClintock, Hall da Salm, da kuma kananan tsibirai da yawa.

Tsibirin Hooker

Tsibirin Hooker, mai suna bayan masanin halitta na Burtaniya Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, yana kudu maso gabashin Zemlya Georga, a fadin British Channel. Yana da yanki na kilomita 459.8 (177.5 sq kuma yana cikin latitude 80.25 ° N da longitude 53.00 ° E. Mafi girman matsayi a tsibirin yana da tsawo na mita 576 (1,890 kuma tsawon bakin tekun da aka tsara yana da kilomita 117.5 (73.0 . Akwai kabari da gine-gine biyu na zamani. A gefen yammacin tsibirin Hooker akwai bay a cikin wani yanki marar ƙanƙara, Tikhaya Bay 80°20′N 52°47′E / 80.333°N 52.783°E / 80. 333; 52.783). Babban mazaunin tsuntsayen teku yana kusa da Tikhaya Bay a Skala Rubini 80°18′N 52°50′E / 80.300°N 52.833°E / 80. 300; 52.833), wani dutse mai ban mamaki a bakin tekun Hooker Island. Tikhaya Bay ita ce shafin yanar gizon babban tushe don tafiye-tafiye na polar, da kuma wurin tashar meteorological daga 1929 zuwa 1963. Akwai wani bay a kudancin tsibirin da ake kira Zaliv Makarova da kuma wani a gabas da aka sani da Ledn . A kudu maso yamma, De Bruyne Sound ya raba tsibirin daga Tsibirin Northbrook . A arewa, Young Sound ya raba tsibirin daga tsibirin Koetlitz, Nansen, Pritchett, da sauransu da yawa.

Akwai tsibiran da yawa da ke kewaye da tsibirin Hooker. Tsibirin Scott-Keltie, mai tsayin tsayin mita 64 (210 ft), tsibiri ne kusa da gabar tekun arewa maso yamma, kuma ana kiranta da shi don girmama masanin jumhuriyar Scotland Sir John Scott Keltie (1840-1927). Nisan kilomita 10 (6.2 mi) bayan wannan, yana kwance zuwa yammacin tsibirin Scott-Keltie a cikin tashar Burtaniya, tsibirin Eaton ne, tsibiri mai tsayin kilomita 3 (1.9 mi). Wannan tsibiri, wanda ya bayyana a matsayin Ostrov Itol a cikin taswirorin Rasha da yawa, an ba shi sunan masanin kimiyar Burtaniya Rev. Alfred Edwin Eaton (1844-1929). May Island ƙaramin tsibiri ne da ke kwance kilomita 5 (3.1 mi) daga gabar tekun kudu; zuwa kudu maso yammacin wannan Tsibirin Etheridge, kuma kudu maso gabas shine Newton Island, mai nisan kilomita 11 (6.8 mi) daga bakin teku, mai suna don girmama Alfred Newton. Tsibirin Leigh-Smith yana gabashin tsibirin Hooker, ya raba shi da faɗin sautin kilomita 6 (3.7 mi) mai suna Proliv Smitsona.[1] Yana da tsawon kilomita 14 (8.7 mi) kuma yana da matsakaicin faɗin kilomita 6.5 (4.0 mi). Mafi girman madaidaicin tsibirin shine mita 309 (ft1,014 ft) kuma samansa gabaɗaya yana da dusar ƙanƙara in ban da wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki a arewacinta da kuma wani kusa da Mys Bitterburga', iyakarta ta kudu. Sunan wannan tsibiri ne bayan ɗan jirgin ruwa na Burtaniya kuma ɗan binciken Benjamin Leigh Smith. Yammacin Leigh-Smith Island's ƙarshen arewa, kusa da tsibirin Hooker na arewa maso gabas, akwai ƙaramin tsibiri da ake kira Royal Society Island, mai suna bayan Royal Geographical Society. Yana da tsawon kilomita 6 (3.7 mi) kuma yana da matsakaicin faɗin kilomita 2.5 (mi 1.6). .

Tsibirin MacKlintok

MacKlintok Island or McClintock Island, named after Irish explorer of the Arctic Francis Leopold McClintock, lies to the east of Brady Island, which lies to the east of Leigh-Smith Island and Hooker Island. This island, located within latitude 80.20° N and longitude 54.80° E, is roughly square-shaped. Its maximum length is 33 kilometres (21 mi) and its mapped shore length is 120.4 kilometres (74.8 mi). Its area is 611.5 square kilometres (236.1 sq mi), It is largely glaciated. The island's highest point is 521 metres (1,709 ft) in the eastern-central part of the island, and there is a 481 metres (1,578 ft) peak near the northeastern coast. The island is located very close to the west of Hall Island, separated from it by a narrow sound, Proliv Negri. The island's northernmost point is Mys Grili (Greely Cape) and the southeastern is Mys Oppoltsera (Cape Oppholtzer).

5 kilometres (3.1 mi) da ƙaramin tsibirin Mathilda suna kusa da iyakar arewacin tsibirin MacKlintok, sun rabu da Alger da murfin sauti na kilomita 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) (1.9 . Matsayinta mafi girma yana kusa da tsakiya a mita 429 (1,407 6 kilometres (3.7 mi)" data-ve-ignore=""> . Tsibirin Brady a bakin tekun yamma babban tsibiri ne kuma galibi yana da glaciated. Tana yammacin tsibirin MacKlintok na arewa maso yamma, an raba ta da kilomita 6 (3.7 mai faɗin Aberdare Sound (Proliv Abyerder). Matsayi mafi girma a tsibirin Brady shine 381 metres (1,250 ft) ft); an sanya masa suna ne bayan masanin kimiyya na Ingila Henry Bowman Brady . Mys Vize, tsibirin Brady mafi arewa, an sanya masa suna ne bayan masanin Arctic na Rasha Vladimir Wiese . Har ila yau, akwai tsibirai da yawa a gefen kudancin ciki har da tsibirin Ostrova Borisika da Tsibirin Aagaard, 5 mi) daga bakin tekun kudancin, mai suna don girmama Bjarne Aagaard , ƙwararren Norwegian kan kifi da bincike na Antarctic.

Tsibirin Algiers

Alger Island, (Russian: остров Алджер, romanized: ostrov Aldzher), is a small island at latitude 80° 23′ N and longitude 56.00° E. It divides the south-central islands and the north-central group, and is located to the south of Markham Strait. McClintock Island lies to its south. Discovered in August 1899 by the Walter Welmann expedition, it was named after Russell A. Alger, US Secretary of War. The coastline is fairly ice free. In 1901, Evelyn Briggs Baldwin established a camp here and named it Camp Ziegler, after William Ziegler, who had sponsored the expedition.

Tsibirin Hall

Ra'ayi na Cape Tegetthoff

Hall Island (Ostrov Gallya) wani babban tsibiri ne mai girman kankara kusan 1,049km2 (405 sq mi) nan da nan zuwa gabashin Tsibirin MacKlintok.  Yana kusa da latitude 80.30° N da longitude 56.00° E. Maɗaukakin wuri a tsibirin shine 502 m (1,647 ft) kuma tsayin taswirar gabar tekun shine 174.7 km (108.6 mi)[An rada masa sunan wani ɗan binciken Arctic na Amurka Charles Francis Hall.  Yankunan da ba su da ƙanƙara guda ɗaya kawai suna nan a ƙarshenta na kudu, inda akwai manyan ƙasashe biyu, Cape Tegetthoff, da Cape Ozernyy, a kan Tekun Littov.  Cape Tegetthoff yana da kewayon kololuwar tsaunuka.  Binciken da aka yi a iska ya nuna kauri na mita 400 (ft 1,300 ft) na ƙanƙara da kuma a cikin kofofin ƙanƙara na tsibirin Graham Bell.] Har ila yau, akwai wani ɗan ƙaramin yanki mara dusar ƙanƙara a kusa da kogin gabas, Cape Frankfurt, da kuma wani a yankin arewa maso yamma, Cape Wiggins.  Matsakaicin tsayinsa shine 502 m (1,647 ft) kusa da gefenta na kudu maso yamma, kuma akwai kololuwar tsayin mita 421 (1,381 ft) a yankin arewa ta tsakiya na tsibirin.  Akwai wani fili mai faɗi a kudu maso gabashin tsibirin Hall Island wanda aka sani da Hydrographer Bay da ƙarami a yamma da yankin Littov Peninsula, wanda aka sani da Bukhta Surovaya.  A kudu maso gabas, akwai mashigar ruwa mai faɗi da ke raba tsibirin Hall daga Tsibirin Salm, wanda aka sani da Proliv Lavroka.  Mashigin gabas ana kiransa da mashigin Austrian.

Kusan a gefen arewacin tsibirin Hall akwai ƙananan tsibirai uku da aka sani da Brown Islands, wanda aka ba da suna don girmama George Brown na Royal Navy, wanda ya shiga cikin balaguron 185 kilometres (3.1 mi)-1854 don neman Sir John Franklin a kan Mai bincike. 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) zuwa yammacin tsibirin Hall na arewa maso yamma yana da siffar oval 5 tsawo Newcomb Island, tare da mafi girma na 67 metres (220 ft) m (220 . An sanya wa wannan tsibirin suna ne bayan Raymond Lee Newcomb, jami'in sojan ruwa wanda ke kula da mummunan aikin DeLong a kan <i id="mwAvw">Jeannette</i>. 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) mi) daga gefen arewa maso gabashin tsibirin Hall Island yana da karamin tsibirin Berghaus amma mai tsayi, yana kaiwa tsawo na 372 metres (1,220 ft) ft). Unglacierized, an sanya wa wannan tsibirin suna bayan mai zane-zane Heinrich Berghaus (1797-1884).

Tsibirin Sal'm, wanda ke kan babbar hanyar Payer Austrian, ya ƙunshi yanki na kilomita 343.7 (132.7 sq tare da tsawo ko mita 343 (1,125 kuma tsawon bakin teku shine kilomita 76.9 (47.8 .

Tsibirin Gabas

Tsibirin Gabas na Franz Josef Land

Tsibirin gabas suna gabashin Austrian Strait, kuma sun haɗa da Wilczek Island, La Ronciere Island, da Graham Bell Island.

Tsibirin Eva-Liv

Tsibirin Eva-Liv, kuma Yeva-Liv ko Jeva Liv, shine iyakar arewa maso gabashin Franz Josef Land a 81°37′N 62°58′E / 81.62°N 62.96°E / 82.62; 62.96. Ya mamaye yanki na kilomita 287.6 (178.7 . Yana da tsawo na mita 381 (1,250 da kuma taswirar tsawon bakin teku na kilomita 75.2 (46.7 . Nansen da Johansen ne suka gano tsibirin a ranar 24 ga Yuli 1895. Nansen ya yi tunanin akwai tsibirai biyu, kuma ya sanya musu suna bayan matarsa da 'yarsa. A cikin 1905 an gano cewa "Eva" da "Liv" a zahiri tsibiri ne.

Tsibirin Graham Bell

Tsibirin Graham Bell, tsibirin da ya fi gabashin Franz Josef Land, nan da nan zuwa arewa maso gabashin Wilczek Land a fadin Morgan Strait kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan tsibirai a cikin tsibirin, tare da yanki na kilomita 1,557 (601 sq . Wani bangare mai dusar ƙanƙara, mafi girman matsayi shine mita 509 (1,670 kusa da tsakiyar kudu. Cape Kohlsaat, mafi gabashin tsibirin a 81°14′N, 65°10′E, yana kan iyakar gabashin tsibiri na Graham Bell. Cape Kohlsaat alama ce ta arewa maso yammacin Tekun Kara, saboda haka muhimmiyar alama ce ta ƙasa. Cape Leiter yana kan kudancin tsibirin. An sanya wa wannan tsibirin suna bayan mai kirkiro Alexander Graham Bell . Bai kamata a rikita tsibirin Graham Bell da karamin tsibirin Bell wanda kuma yana cikin tsibirin Franz Josef ba. Tsibirin Graham Bell gida ne ga wani sansanin Yakin Cold (an rufe shi a 1994) da filin jirgin sama 'Greem Bell' tare da titin 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) m (6,900 . Wannan karamin tsibirin galibi ba shi da kankara kuma yana da tafki a bayan dutse mai siffar kararrawa. Gidan katako da Benjamin Leigh Smith ya gina a cikin 1881 gida ne da aka kiyaye sosai har ma a yanzu kuma shine gidan da ya fi tsufa a ƙasar duk da cewa ba a zaune ba.

Yankin arewacin tsibirin Graham Bell yana kewaye da tarin ƙananan tsibirai. Tsibirin Three-ray yana kusa da gabar yamma. Ostrov Perlamutrovyy (Pyerlamutrov Island) yana kwance a gefen kudu maso gabashin tsibirin Graham Bell, tsawon kilomita 2 (1.2 Ostrov Trëkhluchevoy yana kwance daga gefen yamma, kuma Ostrov Udachnyy yana daga cikin tarin tsibirai da ke gefen arewa maso yamma.

Ƙasar Wilczek

Wilczek Land ba ta da amfani kuma dutsen dutsen da ke cikin dutsen da aka fallasa. Yana kwance a arewa maso gabashin tsibirin Hall, a fadin Austrian Strait . Ita ce tsibirin na biyu mafi girma a cikin Tsibirin Franz Josef kuma kusan an rufe shi gaba ɗaya sai dai ga ƙananan yankuna biyu a gefen yammacinsa. Matsayi mafi girma a tsibirin shine mita 606 (1,988 , a yammacin tsakiyar yankin. Wannan babban tsibirin an sanya masa suna ne bayan Austro-Hungarian Count Johann Nepomuk Wilczek, wanda ke da hannu a cikin Austro-Fungarian North Pole Expedition . Wannan tsibirin bai kamata a rikita shi da karamin Tsibirin Wilczek ba, wanda ke kudu maso yammacin tsibirin Salm kuma an sanya masa suna bayan mutum ɗaya. Mys Ganza ita ce mafi yammacin Wilczek Land. Cape Geller shine wurin hunturu ga mambobi biyu na balaguron Wellman na 1899. Ya bar tare da ƙananan kayan aiki, ɗaya daga cikinsu bai tsira ba.

Yankin kudancin Wilczek Land yana da karamin tsibirin Klagenfurt, kimanin kilomita 9 (5.6 daga bakin teku, mai suna bayan Klagenfurt. Tsibirin McNult yana kusa da kudu maso gabashin cape, tare da wasu tsibirai da yawa. Kusan a gabashin gabar Wilczek Land akwai ƙananan tsibirai biyu da ake kira Ostrova Gorbunova, mai suna bayan masanin halitta na Rasha Gregory Petrovich Gorbunov. Yankin arewacin Wilczek ya rabu da tsibirin La Ronciere ta hanyar madaidaiciya da aka sani da Vanderbilt . Ƙananan tsibirin Geddes yana kusa da arewa maso yamma. A gabas, Wilczek Land ya rabu da Graham Bell Sound ta hanyar Morgan Straight .

Jerin Tsibirin

• Aagaard Island
• Adelaide Island
• Alexander Islands
• Alexandra Land
• Alger Island
• Arthur Island
• Becker Island
• Belaya Zemlya
• Bell Island
• Berghaus Island
• Bliss Island
• Brice Island
• Brosch Island
• Bruce Island
• Bromwich Island
• Brady Island
• Champ Island
• Chichagov Islands
• Coburg Island
• David Island
• Davis Island
• Derevyannyy Island
• Eaton Island
• Elizabeth Island
• Etheridge Islands
• Eva Island
• Freeden Island
• Geddes Island
• George Land
• Gogenloe Island
• Gorbunov Islands
• Graham Bell Island
• Greely Island
• Hall Island
• Harley Island
• Heiss Island
• Hochstetter Islands
• Hofmann Island
• Hooker Island
• Howen Island
• Jackson Island
• Jefferson Island
• Karl-Alexander Island
• Koetlitz Island
• Kane Island
• Klagenfurt Island
• Koldewey Island
• Komsomol Islands
• Kuchin Islands
• Kuhn Island
• Lamont Island
• La Ronciere Island
• Levanevsky Island
• Leigh-Smith Island
• Litke Island
• Luigi Island
• McClintock Island
• McNult Island
• Mabel Island
• May Island
• Nansen Island
• Newcomb Island
• Newton Island
• Northbrook Island
• Ostrovov Oktyabryata
• Ommanney Island
• Payer Island
• Pontremoli Islands
• Pritchett Island
• Pyerlamutrov Island
• Querini Island
• Rainer Island
• Robertson Island
• Royal Society Island
• Rudolf Island
• Salisbury Island
• Salm Island
• Schönau Island
• Scott-Keltie Island
• Stoliczka Island
• Tillo Island
• Torup Island
• Ugol'noy Kopi
• Wiener Neustadt Island
• Wilczek Island
• Wilczek Land
• Wilton Island
• Windward Island
• Zichy Land
• Ziegler Island

Hanyoyin ruwa

Markham Sound hanya ce ta ruwa tsakanin Zichy Land da tsibirin McClintock da Hall. Yammacin tashar Burtaniya shine Yarima George Land. Alexandra Land ya ƙunshi Weyprecht Bay. Yammacin Austria Sound shine Zichy Land. Nan da nan arewacin Franz Josef Land shine Sarauniya Victoria Sea.

Yanayi

Yanayin yanayi a nan yana da tsanani sosai tare da mafi ƙarancin yanayin zafi kamar (-) 25 °C zuwa (-) 30 °C (32 °F) °C a lokacin hunturu; har ma a lokacin rani zafin jiki ba ya tashi sama da 0 . Dare na polar yana da kwanaki 125 yayin da kwanakin polar suna da 140. A yanayin yanayi, Kogin Gulf bai kai tsibirin Franz Josef Land ba. Polynias sun samo asali ne daga iska da raƙuman teku waɗanda ke da rinjaye a arewa da kudancin ɓangaren ƙasa, waɗanda ke haifar da babban yankin da ba shi da kankara teku. Iska ta gabas da arewa suna haifar da iska mai sanyi sosai. Ruwan sama ya bambanta tsakanin millimeters 100 (3.9 in) da millimeters 300 (12 in) amma galibi nau'in dusar ƙanƙara.  

Ilimin ƙasa

Siffar yanayin ƙasa guda biyu da aka gano sune na Late Triassic da Jurassic tsarin sedimentary wanda aka yi rikodin zuwa zurfin mita 200 (660 ft) a Cape Flora kuma a hankali ya koma bakin tekun a arewa. Kututturan bishiyar burbushin halittu anan sun tabbatar da wannan kima. Sama da jurassic sedimentary Layer na 500 m (1,600 ft) kauri, wanda basaltic ne, kutsawar lokaci ce ta dolerite ta haifar da fashewar aman wuta. Har ila yau, ana ganin akwai wuraren da ba su da laifi da yawa waɗanda suka taimaka wajen kawar da dutsen mai aman wuta da fallasa saman tudu da katangar dutse. Wani fasalin da aka lura anan shine na layin bakin ruwa wanda da alama ya koma baya, sakamakon samuwar tsibirai (tashin tsibiran da ke saman tekun kankara an ruwaito cewa ya kai milimita 2-3 (0.079-0.118 in) a kowace shekara). Ko da yake galibin ƙasar tana cike da ƙanƙara mai ƙanƙara, tana da ɓangarorin da aka rufe da gansakuka. Yankin arewa maso gabas na tsibiran yana kulle cikin kankara mafi yawan shekara; duk da haka ƙanƙarar wani lokaci tana ja da baya arewa ta wuce tsibiran a lokacin rani (Satumba