Yanayin ƙasar Jordan
 Yanayin ƙasar Jordan | ||||
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geography of geographic location (en)  | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
geography of Asia (en) | |||
| Fuskar | Jordan | |||
| Ƙasa | Jordan | |||
| Rukunin da yake danganta |
Category:Jordan geography-related lists (en) da Category:Lists of landforms of Jordan (en) | |||
| Wuri | ||||
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Jordan tana cikin Yammacin Asiya, kudancin Siriya, yammacin Iraki, arewa maso yammacin Saudi Arabia, gabashin Isra'ila da yankin Palasdinawa na Yammacin Kogin. Ana kuma kiran yankin da Tsakiya Ko Gabas ta Tsakiya. Yankin ya rufe kimanin kilomita 91,880 (35,480 sq .
Tsakanin 1950 da Yaƙin Kwanaki shida a 1967, kodayake ba a san shi sosai ba, Jordan ta yi iƙirarin kuma ta gudanar da ƙarin kilomita 5,880 (2,270 sq da ke kunshe da Kogin Yamma; a cikin 1988 kuma tare da ci gaba da zama na Isra'ila, Sarki Hussein ya bar da'awar Jordan ga Kogin Yankin Yamma don goyon bayan Falasdinawa.
Yankin bakin teku na Jordan kawai a kudancinsa, inda kusan kilomita 26 (16 na bakin teku tare da Tekun Aqaba ke ba da damar zuwa Bahar Maliya.
Yankin da iyakoki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yankin kwatankwacin
- jimlar: 89,342 kilomita (34,495 sq
- Matsayi na ƙasa a duniya: 110th
- ƙasa: kilomita 88,802 (34,287 sq
- ruwa: kilomita 540 (208 sq
- jimlar: 89,342 kilomita (34,495 sq
Yankunan ƙasa:
- jimillar:: kilomita 1,744 (1,084
- Kasashen iyaka:
- Iraki kilomita 179 (111
- Isra'ila kilomita 307 (191
- Saudi Arabia kilomita 731 (454
- Siriya kilomita 379 (235
- Yammacin Kogin Yammacin Yammacin kilomita 148 (92
Yankin bakin teku: kilomita 26 (16
- bayanin kula:
- Jordan kuma tana da iyaka da Tekun Gishiri, na kilomita 50 (31
- bayanin kula:
Da'awar teku:
- Tekun yankin:
- 3 nautical miles (5.556 km; 3.452 mi)
- Tekun yankin:
- mafi ƙasƙanci: Tekun Gishiri -408 mita (-1339
- mafi girman batu: Jabal Umm ad Dami mita 1,854 (6,083
Yankin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Except for small sections of the borders with Israel and Syria, Jordan's international boundaries do not follow well-defined natural features of the terrain. The country's boundaries were established by various international agreements and with the exception of the border with Israel, none was in dispute in early 1989.[ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span>]
Yankin Jordan da Siriya, Iraki, da Saudi Arabia ba su da muhimmancin musamman kamar yadda iyakar da Isra'ila ke yi; waɗannan iyakoki ba koyaushe suna hana makiyaya na kabilanci a cikin ƙungiyoyinsu ba, duk da haka ga 'yan kungiyoyi iyakoki sun raba su daga wuraren kiwo na gargajiya kuma an ƙayyade su ta hanyar jerin yarjejeniyoyi tsakanin Ingila da gwamnatin abin da ya zama Saudi Arabia) an fara bayyana su a hukumance a cikin Yarjejeniyar Hadda ta 1925.
A cikin 1965 Jordan da Saudi Arabia sun kammala yarjejeniyar da ta sake daidaitawa da kuma iyakance iyakar. Jordan ta sami kilomita 19 na ƙasa a Tekun Aqaba da murabba'in kilomita 6,000 na yankin a cikin ciki, kuma murabba'i kilomita 7,000 na yankin da Jordan ke gudanarwa an ba da shi ga Saudi Arabia.[1] Sabuwar iyakar ta ba Jordan damar fadada tashar jiragen ruwa kuma ta kafa wani yanki inda bangarorin biyu suka amince da raba kudaden shiga na man fetur daidai idan an gano man fetur. Yarjejeniyar ta kuma kare makiyaya da haƙƙin ban ruwa na kabilun makiyaya a cikin yankunan da aka musayar.
Yanayin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kasar ta kunshi mafi yawa daga tudu tsakanin mita 700 (2,300 da mita 1,200 (3,900 tsawo, raba zuwa tuddai da kwari, da kuma wasu yankunan tsaunuka. Yammacin tsaunin, ƙasashen ƙasa sun kafa Gabashin Kogin Jordan Rift Valley . Kwarin yana daga cikin kwarin Great Rift Valley na arewa maso kudu, kuma ragowar da ke biyo baya sune Tafkin Tiberiya (Teku na Galili; kasa ta kusan -258 mita (−846 ), Kwarin Urdun, Tekun Gishiri (ƙasa ta kusan -730 mita (−2,400 ), Arabah, da Tekun Aqaba a Bahar Maliya. Yankin yammacin Jordan ya bi ƙasan rift. Kodayake yankin da ke fama da girgizar ƙasa, ba a rubuta wani mummunan girgizar kasa ba har tsawon ƙarni da yawa.
Ya zuwa yanzu mafi girman sashin Gabashin Gabas shine hamada, yana nuna nau'ikan ƙasa da sauran abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da ƙazamar ruwa. Galibin wannan kasa yanki ne na hamadar Siriya da kuma hamadar Larabawa ta arewa. Akwai faffadan yashi da dunes, musamman a kudu da kudu maso gabas, tare da filayen gishiri. Girke-girke na tsaunin yashi ko ƙananan tsaunuka na lokaci-lokaci suna tallafawa ciyayi kaɗan kawai kuma maras tushe waɗanda ke bunƙasa na ɗan gajeren lokaci bayan ƙarancin ruwan sama. Waɗannan yankuna suna tallafawa rayuwa kaɗan kuma sune yankuna mafi ƙarancin jama'a na Jordan.
Hanyar sadarwar magudanar ruwa tana da ƙaƙƙarfa kuma an yanke ta. A wurare da yawa agajin ba ya ba da wata hanya ta ƙarshe zuwa teku, ta yadda ɗimbin ruwa ke taruwa a cikin kwano inda danshi ke ƙafewa ko kuma ya shiga cikin ƙasa. Dangane da bakin ciki a yammacin Gabas na Gabas, hamada na tasowa sannu a hankali zuwa tsaunukan Urdun - ƙasa mai tsayi mai tsayi, da tsayin daka mai tsayi mai tsayi kusan mita 900. Taron koli na lokaci-lokaci a wannan yanki ya kai mita 1,200 a yankin arewa kuma ya wuce mita 1,700 a yankin kudu; kololuwar kololuwa ita ce Jabal Ramm a mita 1,754 (kodayake mafi girman kololuwa a duk fadin kasar Jordan shine Jabal Umm al Dami a tsawon mita 1854. Yana cikin wani yanki mai nisa na kudancin Jordan). Waɗannan tsaunuka yanki ne na ƙauyuka da aka daɗe da zama.
Ƙarshen yammacin wannan ƙasa mai tudu ya zama wani shinge a gefen gabashin Kogin Urdun - Tekun Gishiri na bakin ciki da ci gaba da kudancin Tekun Gishiri. Galibin wadiyoyin da ke samar da magudanar ruwa daga kasar tudu zuwa cikin halin kaka-nika-yi suna kawo ruwa ne kawai a cikin kankanin lokacin damina. Ƙarƙashin ƙaƙƙarfan katanga mai zurfi, kamar ganuwar kogi, ko yana gudana ko bushewa na iya zama babban cikas ga tafiya.
Kogin Urdun gajere ne, amma daga tsaunukan tsaunuka (kimanin kilomita 160 a arewacin bakin kogin a Tekun Gishiri) kogin ya sauka daga tsawo na kimanin mita 3,000 sama da matakin teku zuwa sama da mita 400 a ƙasa da matakin teku. Kafin ya kai yankin Jordan kogin ya samar da Tekun Galili, wanda girmansa yana da mita 212 a ƙasa da matakin teku. Babban kogin Kogin Urdun shine Kogin Yarmouk . Kusa da mahaɗar koguna biyu, Yarmouk ya zama iyaka tsakanin Isra'ila a arewa maso yamma, Siriya a arewa maso gabas, da Jordan a kudu. Kogin Zarqa, babban ruwa na biyu na Kogin Urdun, yana gudana kuma yana kwarara gaba ɗaya a cikin Bankin Gabas.
Wani kwarin rift mai tsawon kilomita 380 yana gudana daga Kogin Yarmouk a arewa zuwa Al Aqaba a kudu. Yankin arewa, daga Kogin Yarmouk zuwa Tekun Gishiri, an fi sani da kwarin Urdun. An raba shi zuwa gabas da yammacin kogin Urdun. An iyakance shi da tsaunuka masu tsawo a gabashin da yammacin gefen, kwarin ya kai matsakaicin faɗin kilomita ashirin da biyu a wasu wurare. An san kwarin da Al Ghawr ko Al Ghor (rashin lafiya, ko kwarin).
Rift Valley a gefen kudancin Tekun Gishiri ana kiransa Kudancin Ghawr da Wadi al Jayb (wanda aka fi sani da Wadi al Arabah). Kudancin Ghawr yana gudana daga Wadi al Hammah, a gefen kudu na Tekun Dead, zuwa Ghawr Faya, kimanin kilomita ashirin da biyar kudu da Tekun Dead. Wadi al Jayb yana da nisan kilomita 180, daga kudancin gabar Tekun Gishiri zuwa Al Aqaba a kudu. Ƙasar kwari ta bambanta da matakin. A kudu, ya kai matakin mafi ƙasƙanci a Tekun Gishiri (fiye da mita 400 a ƙarƙashin teku), yana tashi a arewa zuwa saman teku. Haushi daga teku yana da matsananciyar zafi saboda yanayin zafi na shekara. Ruwan ya ƙunshi kusan gram 250 na narkar da gishiri a kowace lita a saman kuma ya kai matakin jikewa a mita 110.
Tekun Gishiri yana da zurfin zurfi a saman ƙasa. Gudun bakin ciki yana da mahimmanci ta hanyar tsaunuka da tsaunuka masu kewaye da su waɗanda suka tashi zuwa tsawo na mita 800 zuwa 1,200 sama da matakin teku. Mafi zurfin teku shine kimanin mita 430, kuma ta haka ne ya kai sama da mita 825 a ƙasa da matakin teku. Raguwa a matakin teku ya sa tsohon Yankin Lisan ya zama gada mai rarraba teku zuwa yankuna daban-daban na arewa da kudanci.
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Babban halayyar yanayin shine bambancin tsakanin lokacin ruwan sama daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu da yanayin bushewa sosai ga sauran shekara. Tare da zafi, bushewa, lokacin rani na yau da kullun da sanyi, hunturu mai canzawa wanda kusan dukkanin hazo ke faruwa, ƙasar tana da Yanayin yanayi na Bahar Rum.
Gabaɗaya, mafi nisa a cikin ƙasa daga Tekun Bahar Rum wani ɓangare na ƙasar ya kasance, mafi girma shine bambance-bambance na yanayi a cikin zafin jiki da ƙarancin ruwan sama. Matsi na yanayi a lokacin watanni na rani suna da daidaituwa, yayin da watanni na hunturu suna kawo jerin wuraren da aka yi alama da ƙananan matsin lamba da ke tare da Yanayin sanyi. Wadannan rikice-rikicen guguwa gabaɗaya suna motsawa zuwa gabas daga Tekun Bahar Rum sau da yawa a wata kuma suna haifar da hazo mai yawa.
Yawancin Bankin Gabas suna karɓar ƙasa da millimeters 120 (4.7 in) na ruwan sama a shekara kuma ana iya rarraba su a matsayin hamada mai bushe ko yankin hamada. Inda ƙasa ta tashi don samar da tsaunuka a gabashin Kwarin Urdun, hazo yana ƙaruwa zuwa kusan millimeters 300 (11.8 in) a kudu da millimeters 500 (19.7 in) ko fiye a arewa. Kogin Urdun, wanda ke kwance a gefen tsaunuka a kan Yammacin Kogin, ya zama wani yanki mai zurfi wanda a kowace shekara ke karɓar har zuwa millimeters 300 (11.8 in) na ruwan sama a arewacin; ruwan sama yana raguwa zuwa ƙasa da millimeters 120 (4.7 in) a kan Tekun Gishiri.
Tsawon lokacin rani na kasar ya kai kololuwa a watan Agusta. Janairu yawanci shine watan da ya fi sanyi. Yanayin zafin jiki mai yawa a cikin sa'o'i ashirin da hudu sun fi girma a lokacin watanni na rani kuma suna da halin karuwa tare da tsawo mafi girma da nesa daga bakin tekun Bahar Rum. Yanayin rana a lokacin watanni na rani sau da yawa ya wuce 36 °C (96.8 °F) ° C (96.8 ° F) kuma matsakaici game da 32 °C (89.6 °F) ° C (89.6 ° F). Sabanin haka, watanni na hunturu - Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu - suna kawo matsakaiciyar sanyi kuma wani lokacin sanyi, matsakaicin kimanin 13 °C (55.4 °F) ° C (55.4 ° F). Sai dai a cikin rami, sanyi ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a lokacin hunturu, yana iya ɗaukar nau'in dusar ƙanƙara a tsaunuka mafi girma na arewa maso yamma. Yawancin lokaci ana dusar ƙanƙara sau biyu a shekara a yammacin Amman.
Domin wata daya ko haka kafin da kuma bayan lokacin fari na rani, iska mai zafi, mai bushewa daga hamada, wanda matsin lamba ya jawo, yana samar da iskõki masu ƙarfi daga kudu ko kudu maso gabas wanda wani lokacin yakan kai ƙarfin guguwa. An san shi a Gabas ta Tsakiya da sunaye daban-daban, gami da khamsin, wannan busassun iska na sirocco yawanci yana tare da manyan girgije. Farawarsa ta fara ne ta hanyar sararin samaniya, barometer mai fadowa da raguwar zafi zuwa kusan kashi 10 °F (5.6 °C). A cikin 'yan sa'o'i akwai yiwuwar 10 ° F (5.6 ° C) zuwa 15 °F (8.3 °C) ° F (8.3 ° C) hauhawar zafin jiki. Wadannan guguwa yawanci suna da rana ɗaya ko haka, suna haifar da rashin jin daɗi sosai, kuma suna lalata amfanin gona ta hanyar bushe su.
shamal, wani iska mai mahimmanci, ya zo ne daga arewa ko arewa maso yamma, yawanci a tsakanin Yuni da Satumba. Yana da kyau sosai a lokacin rana amma ya zama iska da dare, shamal na iya busawa har zuwa kwanaki tara daga cikin goma sannan ya sake maimaita aikin. Ya samo asali ne a matsayin busassun nahiyar iska mai zafi wanda ke da dumi yayin da yake wucewa a kan ƙasar Eurasia. Rashin bushewa yana ba da damar dumama mai tsanani na farfajiyar duniya ta rana, wanda ke haifar da yanayin zafi na rana wanda ke da matsakaici bayan faɗuwar rana.
Albarkatarwa da amfani da ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Albarkatun halitta: phosphate, potash, Shale mai
- ƙasar noma: 2.41%
- amfanin gona na dindindin: 0.97%
- wani: 96.62% (2012)
- 788.6 kilomita (304.5 murabba'i (2004)
- 0.94 kilomita (0.23 cu (2011)
- jimlar: 0.94 kilomita (0.23 cu /shekara (31%/4%/65%)
- ga kowane mutum: 166 mita (5,900 cu /shekara (2005)
Damuwa da muhalli
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]fari; ƙananan girgizar ƙasa na lokaci-lokaci a yankunan da ke kusa da kwarin Jordan Rift
Muhalli - batutuwan yanzu: iyakance albarkatun ruwa mai laushi na halitta da damuwa na ruwa; sare daji; wuce gona da iri; Rushewar ƙasa; hamada
Muhalli - yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa: jam'iyya zuwa: Biodiversity, Canjin yanayi, Canjin Canjin Yanayin Yanayi-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Dabbobi masu haɗari, Hadari, Dokar Tekun, Ruwa na Ruwa, Kare Yankin Ozone, WetlandsYankunan ruwa
- ↑ "International Boundary Study, No. 60 – December 30, 1965, Jordan – Saudi Arabia Boundary" (PDF). US Department of State. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 January 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2019.