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Yanayin ƙasar Lesotho

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Lesotho Ƙasa ce mai tsaunuka, ƙasa marar iyaka da ke Kudancin Afirka . Yana da wani yanki, kewaye da Afirka ta Kudu. Jimlar tsawon iyakokin ƙasar shine kilomita 909 (565 . Lesotho ta rufe yanki na kusan kilomita 30,355 (11,720 sq , wanda aka rufe kashi mai yawa da ruwa.

Lesotho ita ce kadai jiha mai zaman kanta a duniya wacce ke kwance gaba ɗaya sama da mita 1,000 (3,281 a tsawo.[1] Matsayinta mafi ƙasƙanci yana da mita 1,400 (4,593 , mafi ƙasƙantattun matsayi na kowace ƙasa. Saboda tsawo, yanayin ƙasar ya fi sanyi fiye da sauran yankuna a wannan latitude. Za'a iya rarraba Yankin yanayi a matsayin nahiyar.

Wurin da yake

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Lesotho ƙasa ce a Kudancin Afirka, tana a kusa da 29°30' latitude kudu da 28°30' gabas longitude. Ita ce kasa ta 141 mafi girma a duniya, tare da jimillar fili mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 30,355 (11,720 sq mi), wanda kashi maras muhimmanci ya cika da ruwa.[1] Lesotho gaba daya tana da kewaye da Afirka ta Kudu, wanda hakan ya sa ta kasance daya daga cikin kasashe uku a duniya da ke karkashin wata kasa; Sauran biyun kuma San Marino ne da birnin Vatican, dukansu suna cikin Italiya.] Jimlar iyakar Afirka ta Kudu kilomita 909 (565 mi).[1] Matsayin Lesotho a matsayin yanki kuma yana nufin cewa ba ta da ƙasa kuma ta dogara da Afirka ta Kudu. Babban tashar jigilar kaya mafi kusa shine Durban

Yanayin jiki

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Ƙauyen Malealea a cikin tsaunuka na Lesotho

Lesotho za a iya raba kusan zuwa yankuna uku: tudu, da ke bin gabar kudancin kogin Caledon, da kuma cikin kwarin kogin Senqu; tsaunukan da tsaunin Drakensberg da Maloti suka yi a gabashi da tsakiyar kasar; da tsaunukan da ke da rarrabuwa tsakanin tsaunuka da tsaunuka[1]. Mafi ƙasƙanci mafi ƙasƙanci a cikin ƙasar yana a mahadar kogin Makhaleng da Orange (Senqu) (a kan iyakar Afirka ta Kudu), wanda a tsayin mita 1,400 (4,593 ft) shine mafi ƙanƙanta wurin kowace ƙasa. Lesotho ita ce kasa daya tilo mai cin gashin kanta a duniya wacce ke saman tsayin mita 1,000 (3,281 ft). . [1]

Kodayake ƙananan Lesotho sun rufe da ruwa, kogunan da ke gudana a fadin kasar suna da muhimmiyar bangare na tattalin arzikin Lesotho. Yawancin kudaden fitar da kayayyaki na kasar sun fito ne daga ruwa, kuma yawancin ƙarfinsa ya fito ne daga wutar lantarki.[2] Kogin Orange ya tashi a cikin tsaunukan Drakensberg a arewa maso gabashin Lesotho kuma yana gudana a duk tsawon ƙasar kafin ya fita zuwa Afirka ta Kudu a Gundumar Mohale's Hoek a kudu maso yamma. Kogin Caledon yana nuna yankin arewa maso yammacin iyakar da Afirka ta Kudu. Sauran koguna sun hada da Malibamatso, Matsoku da Senqunyane .

Dutsen Lesotho na Karoo Supergroup ne, wanda ya kunshi mafi yawa daga shale da sandstone.[3] Ana iya samun filayen dutse a cikin tsaunuka na Lesotho, mafi yawa a cikin tsaunin dutse kusa da iyakar gabashin ƙasar. Taron koli na Thabana Ntlenyana an kewaye shi da wani bangare na bogs.

Ana iya samun ajiyar Solifluction, blockfields, blockstreams da Garlands na dutse a fadin sassan da suka fi girma na Lesotho Highlands. Wadannan fasalulluka an kafa su ne dangane da yanayin periglacial wanda ya kasance a lokacin glacial na ƙarshe a yankin.[4][5]

Yanayin siyasa

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Gundumomi da biranen Lesotho

An raba Lesotho zuwa gundumomi 10 na gudanarwa, kowannensu yana da babban birninta, wanda ake kira sansanin. An sake raba gundumomin zuwa mazabu 80, wanda ya kunshi majalisun al'umma 129.[6] Rarraba yawan jama'a a Lesotho ya haɗu da yanayin muhalli daban-daban na ƙasar; talauci ma yana da alaƙa da yanayin mujallar.

  • Berea
  • Butha-Buthe
  • Leribe
  • Mafeteng
  • Maseru
  • Ƙafar Mohale
  • Mokhotlong
  • Nek na Qacha
  • Quthing
  • Thaba-Tseka

Yanayi

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Snow a kan hanyar Lesotho MotengMoteng wucewa

Saboda tsawo, kasar ta kasance mai sanyi a duk shekara fiye da sauran yankuna a wannan latitude. Lesotho tana da yanayi mai sanyi, [7] tare da lokacin zafi da hunturu mai sanyi. Maseru da ƙasashen da ke kewaye da shi sau da yawa suna kaiwa 30 °C (86 °F) ° C (86 ° F) a lokacin rani. Lokacin hunturu na iya zama sanyi tare da ƙasƙanci suna sauka zuwa -7 ° C (19.4 ° F) da tsaunuka zuwa -20 ° C (−4.0 ° F) a wasu lokuta.[8]

Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya bambanta daga kusan millimeters 600 (23.6 in) kwarin ƙasa zuwa kusan millimetres 1,200 (47.2 in) a yankunan arewa da gabashin da ke kan iyakar Afirka ta Kudu.[2][9] Yawancin ruwan sama yana faɗuwa a matsayin tsawa na rani: kashi 85% na ruwan sama na shekara-shekara yana faɗawa tsakanin watanni na Oktoba da Afrilu.[9] Lokacin hunturu - tsakanin Mayu da Satumba yawanci bushewa sosai.[9] Snow ya zama ruwan dare hamada da ƙananan kwari tsakanin Mayu da Satumba; tsaunuka mafi girma na iya fuskantar dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa a duk shekara.[10] Bambancin shekara-shekara a cikin ruwan sama yana da matukar damuwa, wanda ke haifar da fari na lokaci-lokaci a lokacin fari (Mayu zuwa Satumba) da ambaliyar ruwa, wanda zai iya zama mai tsanani a lokacin ruwan sama (Oktoba-Afrilu).

Albarkatun halitta

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Cikakken taswirar Lesotho

Lesotho matalauta ce a cikin albarkatun kasa.[11] A fannin tattalin arziki, mafi mahimmancin hanya shine ruwa. Shirin Ruwa na Lesotho Highlands yana ba da damar fitar da ruwa daga kogin Malibamatso, Matsoku, Senqu da Senqunyane zuwa Afirka ta Kudu, yayin da yake samar da wutar lantarki don bukatun Lesotho. Ya zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2008, an kammala matakin farko na aikin.[2] Aikin ya riga ya kai kimanin kashi biyar cikin dari na GDP na Lesotho, kuma idan aka kammala shi, zai iya kaiwa kashi 20 cikin dari.[12]

Babban ma'adinin ma'adinai shine lu'u-lu'u daga ma'adinan lu'u'u-ulu'u na Letseng a cikin tsaunukan Maluti. Mine ɗin yana samar da duwatsu kaɗan, amma yana da mafi girman rabo na dala a kowace carat na kowane ma'adinin lu'u-lu'u a duniya.[13] Sauran albarkatun ma'adinai sun haɗa da kwal, galena, Quartz, Agate da ajiyar uranium, amma ba a la'akari da amfani da su a kasuwanci ba.[14] Ana iya samun ajiyar yumɓu a cikin ƙasar, kuma ana amfani da su don samar da tiles, tubali da sauran Yumbu.[14]

Yawancin jama'a suna yin noma, [15] duk da cewa kashi 10.71% ne kawai na ƙasar an rarraba su a matsayin ƙasar noma kuma 0.13% suna da amfanin gona na dindindin. [1] Yawancin ƙasar sun lalace ta hanyar Rushewar ƙasa.[16] Yankunan noma mafi kyau suna cikin yankunan arewa da tsakiya na tsakiya, kuma a cikin tuddai tsakanin yankunan da duwatsu.[9] Manyan yankuna masu kyau na gonar da ke arewacin kasar - a yankin Free State na Afirka ta Kudu - sun ɓace ga masu mulkin mallaka na Turai a yaƙe-yaƙe a cikin karni na 19.

Abubuwa masu tsanani

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Wannan jerin manyan wurare ne na Lesotho, wuraren da ke arewa, kudu, gabas ko yamma fiye da kowane wuri.

  • Yankin arewacin - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da Golden Gate National Park a Afirka ta Kudu nan da nan arewa maso yammacin ƙauyen Monontsa, A Gundumar Butha-Buthe
  • Gabashin Gabas - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da Afirka ta Kudu nan da nan yammacin dutsen Afirka ta Kudu Giant's Castle, Gundumar Mokhotlong
  • Yankin kudu - Dutsen Gairntoul, Gundumar Quthing
  • Yammacin Yamma - wurin da ba a san shi ba a cikin Kogin Caledon a kan iyaka da Afirka ta Kudu, Gundumar Mafeteng
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 CIA. "CIA - The World Factbook - Lesotho". Archived from the original on 2021-07-02. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "Project Overview". Lesotho Highlands Water Project. Archived from the original on 2008-05-11. Retrieved 2008-04-19.
  3. ↑ Andrew Goudie (geographer). Missing |author1= (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. ↑ "Geomorphic and climatic implications of relict openwork block accumulations near Thabana-Ntlenyana, Lesotho". Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography. 86 (3): 289–302. 2004. doi:10.1111/j.0435-3676.2004.00232.x. S2CID 128774864.
  5. ↑ "The cold climate geomorphology of the Eastern Cape Drakensberg: A reevaluation of past climatic conditions during the last glacial cycle in Southern Africa". Geomorphology. 278: 184–194. 2017. Bibcode:2017Geomo.278..184M. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.11.011. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  6. ↑ "Lesotho Councils". Statoids. Archived from the original on 2018-09-26. Retrieved 2008-04-15.
  7. ↑ "The World Factbook". Archived from the original on 2021-07-02. Retrieved 2021-01-24.
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named profile
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 "Climate of Lesotho". Lesotho Meteorological Service. Archived from the original on 2007-12-24. Retrieved 2008-04-19.
  10. ↑ European Space Agency. "Earth from Space: Winter in southern Africa". Archived from the original on 2012-10-20. Retrieved 2008-04-19.
  11. ↑ "Country Information: Lesotho (page 3)". worldinformation.com. Retrieved 2008-04-19. [dead link]
  12. ↑ World Report Limited. "White gold powers economic cooperation". Archived from the original on 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2008-04-20.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  13. ↑ "South African Diamond Mines". khulsey.com. Archived from the original on 2008-04-13. Retrieved 2008-04-19.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 The Economist Intelligence Unit (2004-02-20). "Lesotho: Mining". Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  15. ↑ "Lesotho Economy". Lesotho Ministry of Communications, Science and Technology. Archived from the original on 2008-04-19. Retrieved 2008-04-19.
  16. ↑ "LESOTHO: "The land is blowing away"". IRIN. Archived from the original on 2011-08-07. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
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