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Yanayin ƙasar Lithuania

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.

 

Lithuania tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe a Yankin Baltic na Turai . Mafi yawan jama'a a cikin Jihohin Baltic, Lithuania tana da kilomita 262 kilometres (163 mi) (163 na bakin tekun da ke kunshe da bakin tekun nahiyar da kuma bakin tekun "Curonian Spit".[1] Babban Tashar jiragen ruwa mai dumi na Lithuania na Klaipeda yana kwance a bakin Curonian Lagoon, wani tafki mai zurfi wanda ya kai kudu zuwa Kaliningrad kuma ya rabu da Tekun Baltic ta hanyar Curonian Spit, inda aka kafa Kuršių Nerija National Park don yashi mai ban mamaki.

Ana amfani da Kogin Neman da wasu daga cikin masu ba da gudummawa don jigilar kaya na ciki (a cikin 2000, jiragen ruwa 89 na cikin gida sun ɗauki tan 900,000 na kaya, wanda ke ƙasa da 1% na jimlar zirga-zirgar kayayyaki).

Yana tsakanin 56.27 da 5.53 latitudes da 20.56 da 26.50 longitudes, Lithuania tana da shi, ban da tsaunuka na morainic a cikin tsaunuka masu yamma da tsaunukan gabas da ba su wuce mita 300 ba. Yankin yana da alamun ƙananan tabkuna da maras kyau, kuma yankin gandun daji mai gauraye ya rufe sama da kashi 33% na ƙasar. Lokacin girma yana da kwanaki 169 a gabas da kwanaki 202 a yamma, tare da mafi yawan gonaki da suka kunshi yashi- ko yumbu-loam ƙasa. Limestone, yumɓu, yashi, da dutse sune manyan albarkatun halitta na Lithuania, amma shelf na bakin teku yana ba da watakila 1,600,000 cubic metres (10 Mbbl) m3 na ajiyar mai, kuma kudu maso gabas na iya samar da babban amfanin ƙarfe da dutse.

Matsayi na ƙasa

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Taswirar siyasa ta Lithuania
Taswirar jiki ta Lithuania

Lithuania tana kan gabar gabas na Tekun Baltic. Iyakokin Lithuania sun canza sau da yawa tun daga 1918, amma sun tsaya tsayin daka tun 1945. A halin yanzu, Lithuania tana da faɗin fili mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 65,300 (25,200 sq mi).] Ya fi Belgium, Denmark, Latvia, Estonia, Netherlands, Slovakia, Switzerland. Slovenia girma. Lithuania tana iyaka da Latvia a arewa, Belarus a gabas da kudu, da Poland da yankin Kaliningrad na Rasha a kudu maso yamma. Iyakar Gabas tare da Latvia a kudu maso gabas ta zo tare da hanyar Krokuva-Vilnius-Veliky Novgorod tare da ita a cikin yankin. Kasa ce mai tsaunuka masu birgima a hankali, dazuzzuka masu yawa, koguna da rafuka, da tafkuna. Babban albarkatun kasa shine ƙasar noma. [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need]

Makwabcin arewacin Lithuania shine Latvia . Kasashen biyu suna da iyaka wanda ya kai kilomita 453. Yankin gabashin Lithuania da Belarus ya fi tsayi, yana da nisan kilomita 502.[2] Yankin da ke kan Poland a kudu yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, kilomita 91 kawai, amma yana da matukar aiki saboda zirga-zirgar ƙasa da ƙasa.[2] Lithuania kuma tana da iyaka mai nisan kilomita 227 da Rasha. Yankin Rasha da ke kusa da Lithuania shine Kaliningrad_Oblast" id="mwXw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad Oblast, wanda shine arewacin tsohuwar Jamus ta Gabas Prussia, gami da birnin Kaliningrad . [2] A ƙarshe, Lithuania tana da kilomita 108 na bakin teku na Baltic tare da tashar jiragen ruwa mara kankara a Klaipėda . [2] Yankin bakin tekun Baltic yana ba da rairayin bakin teku da gandun daji na pine kuma yana jan hankalin dubban masu hutu.[2]

A cewar wasu masu ilimin ƙasa, tsakiyar yankin Turai yana arewacin babban birnin Lithuania, Vilnius . [3]

Dangane da latitude ko yanayi digiri goma sha biyar (daidai da longitude ko sa'a goma sha biyar digiri, ban da jimlar yanayi na polar kasancewa 7 ° 30 'a latitude) Lithuania tana cikin latitude 52 ° 30'-N - 67 ° 30'- N, wato arewa daga latitude ta Kudu, tare da babban jikin Tekun Arewa, Far North na Jamus, Siberia. Yana cikin kudancin kwata na yanayi digiri goma sha biyar, yana shimfiɗa zuwa arewa daga kudancin alamar yanayi digiri goma da biyar fiye da kusan kashi ɗaya cikin goma ko jimlar <1 ° 30', wannan nau'in yanki ne na gefen yanayi digiri goma zuwa biyar, yawanci yana da kyau a yammacin Belarus, kuma a kan 54 ° N latitude yanki na goma yana da alama ta mafi girma a Lithuania da Čepkeliai Marsh.

Tare da ma'aunin ma'auni na Gabas a kan 67 ° 30'-E, sa'a ko ma'auninta goma sha biyar da aka saita a Lithuania shine 15 ° E - 30 ° E (Greenwich, London) longitude, wanda ma'aikatar da ke Jura a kan 22 ° 30'- E longitude kuma yana nuna yammacin kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu, ko jimlar 45 ° a Yammacin Hemisphere na Gabas idan yana nuna shi tare da tsibirin Cape Verde da Dutsen Transantarctic. Longitude 22°30'-E ya zo ne a Yammacin Lithuania, tare da kogin Jūra (wanda ake furta kamar yadda yake a Yuro ban da wasula mai ƙare) ma'ana teku tana gudana a cikin gida a kan alamar. Tilsit (Kaliningrad Oblast), Telšiai a matsayin Girkanci Thalassa da ke yammacin kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na Gabashin Gabas, kodayake Talsi (Latvia) yana gabas daga alamar. Kogin Šešupė, Šešuvis, Šušvė tare da Šyša suna cikin jimlar kusan 2 ° 30 'longitude ko ɗaya cikin shida na sa'a goma sha biyar (Sheši - shida a Lithuanian), a bangarorin biyu na alamar 22 ° 30'-E.

Yanayin ƙasa da magudanar ruwa

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Taswirar taswirar Lithuania

[2]Lithuania tana kan iyakar Arewacin Turai Plain. Gilashin glaciers na ƙarshen Ice Age ya siffata yanayinsa, [1] wanda ya ja da baya game da shekaru 25,000 – 22,000 BP (Kafin Zuwa yanzu). Yankin Lithuania shine canjin matsakaicin tsaunuka da tsaunuka. yammacin yankin Samogitia ta filayen filayen kudu maso yamma da tsakiya. Yankin yana da tafkuna 2,833 da suka fi hekta 1 girma (kadada 2.5) da kuma tafkuna 1,600.[1] Mafi yawan tafkunan ana samunsu ne a yankin gabashin kasar.[1] Lithuania kuma tana da koguna 758 sama da kilomita 10 (6.2 mi).[1] Kogin mafi girma shine Nemunas (tsawon kilomita 917 (570 mi)), wanda ya samo asali daga Belarus.[1] Sauran manyan hanyoyin ruwa sune Neris (kilomita 510 (320 mi)), Venta (kilomita 346 (215 mi)), da Šešupė (kilomita 298 (185 mi)) koguna.[1] Koyaya, nisan kilomita 600 (370 mi) na kogunan Lithuania ne kawai ake iya kewayawa.

Da zarar ƙasar da ke da gandun daji sosai, yankin Lithuania a yau ya ƙunshi kashi 32.8 cikin 100 kawai - da farko gandun daji na Pine, spruce, da birch. Ash da itacen oak suna da ƙarancin gaske.[2] dazuzzuka suna da wadataccen ƙwayoyin cuta da 'ya'yan itace, da kuma tsire-tsire iri-iri.[2]

Yanayi

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Taswirar rarraba yanayi ta Köppen-Geiger a ƙudurin kilomita 1 don Lithuania 1991-2020
Yanayin hunturu a Lithuania

Lithuania tana da ɗanɗanar yanayi na nahiyar (Dfb a cikin rarrabuwar yanayi na Köppen). Matsakaicin yanayin zafi a bakin tekun shine 1.6 °C (34.9 °F) a watan Janairu da 17.8 °C (64.0 °F) a watan Yuli.] A Vilnius matsakaicin yanayin zafi shine -3.7 °C (25.3 °F) a watan Janairu da 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) a watan Yuli. A taƙaice, 20 °C (68 °F) ya yawaita a ranakun bazara da 14 °C (57.2 °F) da dare. d] Yanayin zafi lokaci-lokaci kan kai 30 ko 35 °C (86 ko 95 °F) a lokacin rani. [ana binciken hujja] [ana bukatar] lokacin sanyi lokacin da gabas ke fitowa daga Siberiya ya fi yawa, kamar 1941-42, 1955-56 da 1984-85, suna da sanyi sosai, yayin da lokacin sanyi ke mamaye da iskar ruwa ta yamma kamar 1924-25, 1960-61 da 1988 mai tsananin sanyi. -20 ° C (-4 °F) yana faruwa kusan kowane lokacin hunturu. Matsakaicin lokacin hunturu shine -34 °C (-29 °F) a bakin teku da −43 °C (-45 °F) a gabashin Lithuania. Matsakaicin yawan hazo na shekara-shekara ya kai milimita 717 (28.2 in) a gabar teku, [2] milimita 900 (35.4 in) a tsaunukan Samogitia, [ana ikpe hujja] da milimita 490 (19.3 in) a gabashin kasar.[2] Dusar ƙanƙara tana faruwa a kowace shekara, ana iya yin dusar ƙanƙara daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu. [ana ruwa hujja] [citation need] A wasu shekaru sleet na iya faɗuwa a watan Satumba ko Mayu. Lokacin noman yana da kwanaki 202 a yammacin kasar da kuma kwanaki 169 a gabashin kasar.

Rubuce-rubucen zafin jiki mafi tsawo daga yankin Baltic sun rufe kimanin shekaru 250. Bayanan sun nuna cewa akwai lokutan dumi a ƙarshen rabin karni na sha takwas kuma karni na sha tara lokaci ne mai sanyi. A farkon karni na ashirin warming ya ƙare a cikin 1930s, ya biyo bayan karamin sanyaya wanda ya kasance har zuwa 1960s. Yanayin dumama ya ci gaba tun daga lokacin.[4]

Lithuania ta fuskanci fari a shekara ta 2002, wanda ya haifar da gobarar daji da peat.[5] Kasar ta sha wahala tare da sauran Arewa maso Yammacin Turai a lokacin guguwar zafi a lokacin rani na shekara ta 2006.

Misalan

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Climate data for {{{location}}}
Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara
[Ana bukatan hujja]

Muhalli

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Damuwa da lalacewar muhalli, gwamnatocin Lithuania sun kirkiro wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ajiya da yawa. Tsire-tsire da dabbobi na ƙasar sun sha wahala, duk da haka, daga kusan zubar da ƙasa don amfanin gona.[2] Matsalolin muhalli na yanayi daban-daban sun haifar da ci gaban masana'antun da ba su da aminci.[2] Matsalolin gurɓataccen iska sun kasance galibi a cikin biranen, kamar su Vilnius, Kaunas, Jonava, Mažeikiai, Elektrėnai, da Naujoji Akmenė - shafukan takin mai da sauran masana'antun sinadarai, mai mai, tashar wutar lantarki, da masana'antar siminti.[2]

Ingancin ruwa ma ya kasance matsala. Birnin Kaunas, tare da yawan jama'a kusan 400,000, ba shi da tashar tsarkake ruwa har zuwa 1999; an tura datti kai tsaye zuwa Kogin Neman. An shirya maganin Ruwa mai guba na uku don zuwa kan layi a cikin 2007.[6] Rashin gurɓataccen kogi da tafki wasu abubuwan da suka haifar da rashin kulawa da muhalli na Soviet. Kogin Courland, alal misali, wanda aka raba shi da Tekun Baltic ta hanyar tsaunuka masu tsawo da gandun daji na pine, kusan kashi 85 cikin dari sun gurbata.[2] Ana rufe rairayin bakin teku a wuraren shakatawa na Baltic, kamar sanannen wurin hutu na Palanga, akai-akai don yin iyo saboda gurɓata.[2] Ana samun gandun daji da ruwan sama ya shafa a kusa da Jonava, Mažeikiai, da Elektrėnai, waɗanda sune cibiyoyin sinadarai, mai, da samar da wutar lantarki.[2] Lithuania ta kasance daga cikin tsoffin Jamhuriyoyin Soviet na farko da suka gabatar da ka'idojin muhalli.[2] Koyaya, saboda jaddadawar Moscow kan kara yawan samarwa da kuma saboda yawan laifuka na cikin gida, koma baya na fasaha, da rashin jin dadin siyasa, matsalolin muhalli masu tsanani yanzu suna nan.[2]

Hadarin halitta: guguwa mai karfi, dusar ƙanƙara, fari, ambaliyar ruwa

Muhalli - batutuwan yanzu: gurɓata ƙasa da ruwan ƙasa tare da kayayyakin man fetur da sunadarai a tsoffin sansanonin soja na Soviet

Muhalli - yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa:

  • jam'iyya zuwa:

Rashin gurɓata iska, Rashin gurbata iska-Nitrogen Oxides, Rashin gashi na iska-Rashin gashi, Rashin Gashi na iska - Sulphur 85, Rashin Gasa na iska-Sulphur 94, Rashin Gishiri na iska, Rarrabawar halittu, Canjin yanayi, Yarjejeniyar Kyoto, Yankin da ke cikin Hamada, Canjin Muhalli, Rashin Halitta, Rashin Rashin Ruwa, Ruwa, Yankin RuwaYankunan ruwa

Albarkatun halitta

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Kamfanin mai a Mažeikiai
Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a Birštonas

Lithuania tana da yalwar dutse, yumɓu, yashi na quartz, yashi mai laushi, da dolomite, waɗanda suka dace da yin siminti mai inganci, gilashi, da yumbu. Har ila yau, akwai isasshen ruwa na ma'adinai, amma hanyoyin samar da makamashi da kayan masana'antu duk suna da karancin wadata.[2] An gano mai a Lithuania a cikin shekarun 1950, amma 'yan rijiyoyi ne kawai ke aiki, kuma duk abin da suke yi yana cikin yammacin ƙasar.[2] An kiyasta cewa tashar Tekun Baltic da yankin yammacin Lithuania suna da man fetur mai inganci, amma idan aka yi amfani da wannan man zai gamsar da kusan kashi 20 cikin 100 na bukatar Lithuania ta shekara-shekara don kayayyakin man fetur na shekaru ashirin masu zuwa.[2] Lithuania tana da makamashi mai yawa a bakin tekun Baltic wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don dumama daruruwan dubban gidaje, kamar yadda ake yi a Iceland.[2] Bugu da kari, an sami ma'adanai na ƙarfe a yankin kudancin Lithuania.[2] Amma cinikin kasuwanci na waɗannan ajiya mai yiwuwa zai buƙaci hakar ma'adinai, wanda ba shi da kyau a cikin muhalli.[2] Bugu da ƙari, amfani da waɗannan albarkatun zai dogara da ikon Lithuania na jawo hankalin babban birnin da fasaha daga ƙasashen waje.[2]

Lithuania da Denmark sune kawai ƙasashe a Turai, waɗanda ke da cikakken kayan aiki da ruwan kasa mai laushi. Lithuanians suna cinye kimanin cubic mita miliyan 0.5 na ruwa a kowace rana, wanda shine kawai kashi 12-14 cikin dari na duk albarkatun ruwa mai laushi da aka bincika.[7] Ingancin ruwa a cikin ƙasar yana da girma sosai kuma an ƙayyade shi da gaskiyar cewa ruwan sha ya fito ne daga zurfin yadudduka waɗanda aka kare daga gurɓata a saman ƙasa. Rashin zurfin hako yawanci ya kai mita 30-50, amma a Yankin Klaipėda har ma ya kai mita 250. Sakamakon haka, Lithuania tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashen Turai kaɗan inda ake amfani da ruwan ƙasa don samar da ruwa na tsakiya. Tare da babban ajiyar ruwa mai laushi a karkashin kasa, Lithuania tana fitar da ruwa mai wadata zuwa wasu ƙasashe. Adadin ruwan ma'adinai da aka amince da shi kusan mita cubic miliyan 2.7 ne a kowace shekara, yayin da samarwa shine kawai kashi 4-5 cikin dari na duk albarkatun ruwan ma'aunin.[8]

Babban birnin Lithuania Vilnius shine kawai babban birnin Baltic wanda ke amfani da ruwa mai zurfi wanda ke samar da ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai zurfin, waɗanda aka kare daga gurɓata kuma ba su da nitrates ko nitrites waɗanda ke da lahani ga jikin mutum. Ana tsabtace ruwa ba tare da sunadarai ba a Lithuania. Kimanin kashi 20% na ruwan da aka cinye a cikin jihar ruwa ne mai inganci sosai wanda ba a tace shi ba.[9]

Albarkatun halitta: peat, ƙasa mai noma, amber.

  • ƙasar noma: 33.48%
  • amfanin gona na dindindin: 0.47%
  • wani: 66.05% (2011)

Jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa: 24.9 km3 (2011)  

Yankin da iyakoki

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Samfuri:Maplink

Yankin bakin tekun Lithuania tare da Nemunas Delta, Curonian lagoon da spit.
  • Jimillar: 65,300 km2 
  • Ƙasar:: 62,680 km2 
  • Ruwa: 2,620 km2 
  • Kwatanta Australia: dan kadan karami (5.5%) fiye da Tasmania
  • Kwatanta Kanada: kusan 9% karami fiye da New Brunswick
  • Kwatanta United Kingdom: kimanin kashi 17% karami fiye da Scotland
  • Kwatanta Amurka: dan kadan ya fi girma (4%) fiye da West VirginiaYammacin Virginia
  • Territorial sea: 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi)
  • Exclusive Economic Zone: 7,031 square kilometres (2,715 sq mi) with 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi)

Latitude da longitude

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  1. ↑ "Country overview and assessment The economics of climate change adaptation in EU coastal areas- Lithuania" (PDF). ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/. European Commission Policy Research Corporation. pp. 1, 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2015.
  2. ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.20 2.21 2.22 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :0
  3. ↑ "Centre of Europe". Atlas Obscura. Archived from the original on 2022-09-25. Retrieved 2022-09-25.
  4. ↑ "Climate trends in the Baltic" (PDF).[dead link]
  5. ↑ Sakalauskiene, G.; Ignatavicius, G. (2003). "Research Note Effect of drought and fires on the quality of water in Lithuanian". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 7 (3): 423. Bibcode:2003HESS....7..423S. doi:10.5194/hess-7-423-2003. S2CID 129291840.
  6. ↑ "Wastewater treatment in Kaunas". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2006-12-03.
  7. ↑ "Gėlo vandens ištekliais Lietuva išsiskiria iš kitų Europos šalių". LRT (in Lituweniyanci). 25 May 2016. Archived from the original on 30 April 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  8. ↑ "Gėlas vanduo – milžiniškas turtas Lietuvos gelmėse". alkas.lt (in Lituweniyanci). 15 March 2012. Archived from the original on 27 June 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2012.
  9. ↑ Raudonis, Jokūbas (8 May 2013). "Vilniaus turtas – švarus vanduo iš giluminių šaltinių". lrytas.lt (in Lituweniyanci). Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 "Tolimiausi Lietuvos taškai". www.angelfire.com. Retrieved 2024-10-25.
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