Yanayin ƙasar Zimbabwe
  | |
| Nahiyar | Afirka |
|---|---|
| Yankin | Kudancin Afirka |
| Ma'auni | 20 ° S 30 ° E/__hau____hau____hau__20 ° S 30 ° E |
| Yankin | Matsayi na 60 |
| • Jimillar | 390,757 km2 (150,872 sq mi) |
| • Ƙasar | 99.00% |
| • Ruwa | 1.00% |
| Yankin bakin teku | 0 km (0 mi) |
| Yankuna | 3,066 km (Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1231 km, Afirka ta Kudu 225 km, Zambia 797 km) |
| Mafi Girma | Inyangani 2,592 m (8,504 ft) |
| Matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci | haɗuwa da kogin Runde da Save. 162 m (531 ft) |
| Kogin da ya fi tsayi | Kogin Zambezi kilomita 2,650 |
| Tafkin da ya fi girma | Tafkin Kariba 7,770 km2 |
Zimbabwe ƙasa ce wanda take da iyaka a kudancin Afirka da ke arewacin Tropic na Capricorn . [1] A lokacin rani, duk ƙasar tana fuskantar yanayin zafi saboda hasken rana yana kai tsaye. Yana kan tudu mai zurfi wanda ke sauka zuwa arewa zuwa kwarin Zambezi inda iyakar da Zambia take kuma kamar haka yana sauka zuwa kudu zuwa kwarin Limpopo da iyakar da Afirka ta Kudu.
Yankin da iyakoki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Yankin
- Jimillar: 390,757 km2 matsayi na ƙasa a duniya: 60th
- Matsayi na ƙasa a duniya: na 60
- Ƙasa: 386,850 km2
- Ruwa: 3,910 km2
- Jimillar: 390,757 km2 matsayi na ƙasa a duniya: 60th
- Yankin kwatankwacin
- Yankunan ƙasa
Kasar tana da iyakoki da Botswana (813 km), Mozambique 1,231 km, Afirka ta Kudu (225 km), Zambia 797 km kuma kusan ta hadu da Namibia a yammacinta.[2]
Yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]The climate varies markedly with altitude with the Eastern Highlands at 1,878 metres (6,161 ft) above sea level being much wetter and cooler than lower altitudes. There is a dry season, including a short cool season during the period May to September, when the whole country has very little rain. The rainy season is typically a time of heavy rainfall from November to March. The whole country is influenced by the Intertropical Convergence Zone during January. In years when it is poorly defined there is below-average rainfall and a likelihood of serious drought in the country, as happened in 1983 and 1992. When it is well defined rainfall is average or well above average, as in 1981 and 1986. Zimbabwe’s climate can be categorised into three regions, hot region (lowveld and part of the middleveld), warm region (rest of the middleveld and high veld) and the cool region (Eastern Highlands)[ana buƙatar hujja][3]
Yankin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin ƙasar suna kan tudu tare da tsaunin tsakiya mafi girma (babban gandun daji) wanda ke samar da ruwa tsakanin tsarin kogin Zambezi da Limpopo. Yankin ruwa mai laushi yana daga cikin tsohuwar fili da ake kira Afirka ta Afirka ta rufe manyan yankuna na nahiyar.[4] Duk da yake Yankin Afirka suna zaune a ƙasa mafi girma, spurs da ƙananan interfluves wani ƙarami "bayan Afirka" surface suna zaune a ƙananan matsayi tare da ɗakunan dutse na lokaci-lokaci, koppies da tors da ke fitowa da juyawa ko shimfidar wuri. Limpopo da ƙananan kwarin Zambezi suna da faɗi kuma suna da faɗi. Yankin gabashin ruwa ya ƙare a cikin dutsen arewa maso kudu, wanda ake kira Eastern Highlands . [4] Yankunan tsakiya na arewa maso gabas da ke kudu maso yamma An ɗaga shi a cikin 'yan kwanakin nan (Late Pliocene ko Pleistocene) suna karkatar da ruwa na Kogin Zambezi wanda ke gudana cikin Kogin Limpopo zuwa gabas zuwa tashar ta yanzu a Mozambique Channel.[5][6] Yankin arewa maso gabas da kudu maso yammacin tsaunuka da ruwa suna bin axis na karkatarwa.[5]
Matsakaicin tsawo: mafi ƙasƙanci: mahaɗar kogin Runde da Save 162 m mafi girma: Dutsen Nyangani 2,592 m [7]
Albarkatun halitta: kwal, ma'adinin chromium, asbestos, zinariya, nickel, jan ƙarfe, vanadium, lithium, tin, lu'u-lu'u, ƙarfe na rukuni na platinum
Amfani da ƙasa: ƙasa mai noma: 10.49% amfanin gona na dindindin: 0.31% wasu: 89.20% (2011)
Jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa: 20 km3 (2011)
Hadarin halitta: fari; ambaliyar ruwa da guguwa masu tsanani ba su da yawa
Muhalli - batutuwan yanzu: sare daji; Rushewar ƙasa; lalacewar ƙasa; gurɓataccen iska da ruwa; garken rhinoceros baƙar fata - sau ɗaya mafi yawan nau'in a duniya - an rage shi sosai ta hanyar farauta; ayyukan hakar ma'adinai marasa kyau sun haifar da sharar gida mai guba da gurɓata ƙarfe mai nauyi [8]
Muhalli - yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection sanya hannu, amma ba a tabbatar da shi ba: babu wani daga cikin yarjejeniyoyin da aka zaɓa.
Hydrology: ↵Kasar ta kasu kashi shida. Mafi girma su ne Zambezi da Limpopo. Yankunan yammacin Matabeleland suna haɗawa da magudanar ruwa na cikin Okavango ta cikin Kogin Nata. Yawancin kudancin Mashonaland da maƙwabtan Masvingo suna magudawa ta cikin kogin Ajiye zuwa Tekun Indiya. Ƙananan magudanan ruwa guda biyu sun rufe sassan Manicaland, kuma suna magudawa cikin Tekun Indiya ta Mozambique. Waɗannan su ne kogin Pungwe a arewa da kogin Buzi a kudu. An yi nazarin jigilar jigilar ruwa don koguna a Zimbabwe ta hanyar amfani da samfurin jigilar ruwa na HBV.
Babban nau'in amfani da ƙasa:
- Sama da millimeters 1,050 ko 41 inci / shekara tare da wasu hazo a duk watanni na shekara Afforestation, 'ya'yan itace, shayi, kofi da kuma samar da dabbobi masu yawa.
- 750 zuwa 1,000 millimeters (30 zuwa 40 in) /anum a lokacin da aka tsare tare da ƙayyadadden lokacin bushewa Babban sikelin amfanin gona da samar da dabbobi.
- 650 zuwa 800 millimeters (26 zuwa 31 in) /shekara tare da bushewa na yau da kullun na tsakiya samar da dabbobi tare da amfanin gona. samar da masara, taba da auduga.
- 450 zuwa 650 millimeters (18 zuwa 26 in) /shekara tare da fari na lokaci-lokaci da mummunan lokacin ruwan sama. Samar da dabbobi da amfanin gona mai tsayayya da fari.
- Ƙananan kuma ba daidai ba ne har ma da abinci mai tsayayya da fari da amfanin gona. Dabbobi masu yawa da / ko kiwon dabbobi.
Abubuwa masu tsanani
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wannan jerin manyan wurare ne na Zimbabwe, wuraren da ke arewa, kudu, gabas ko yamma fiye da kowane wuri.
- Yankin arewacin - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da Zambia a cikin Kogin Zambezi nan da nan a arewacin garin Kanyemba, lardin Mashonaland West
- Gabashin Gabas - wurin da ba a san shi ba a kan iyaka da Mozambique nan da nan yammacin garin Vera na Mozambican, lardin Manicaland
- Matsayi mafi girma na kudanci - maɓallin uku tare da Afirka ta Kudu da Mozambique, Lardin Masvingo
- Yammacin Yamma - uku tare da Botswana da Zambia, lardin Matabeleland ta Arewa, kimanin mita 150 daga gabashin Namibia a abin da ke kusan quadripoint
Hadarin yanayi a Zimbabwe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Haɗarin yanayi yanayi ne waɗanda ba su da daɗi ga mutane da ayyukansu waɗanda ke haifar da al'amuran yanayi, kuma sun haɗa da duk wani yanayi na yanayi wanda ke da yuwuwar cutar da mutane[1]. Yawancin waɗannan ba za a iya hana su ba duk da haka ana iya rage tasirin su. Kasar Zimbabwe na fama da hadurran yanayi daban-daban da suka hada da fari, ambaliya, zafi, walkiya da kuma gobarar daji a karnin da ya gabata. Wadannan hadurran yanayi sun shafi mutane da dama a Zimbabwe wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane da dama da sauran kalubale. Gundumomi goma sha shida na larduna shida Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland West, Mashonaland East, Midlands da Matabeleland North a Zimbabwe sun fuskanci ruwan sama da ambaliya tun lokacin damina ta 2021/2022 da aka fara a watan Oktoban 2021. Guguwar zafi mai zafi ta Ana kawo ruwan sama mai yawa a Zimbabwe a karshen watan Janairu, wanda ya haddasa ambaliyar ruwa da makarantu 5 da kuma gidaje 5.[9]
Nau'ikan haɗarin yanayi da suka shafi Zimbabwe.
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban haɗarin yanayi da ya shafi Zimbabwe sun haɗa da: [10]
- fari
- Ambaliyar ruwa
- Hasken wuta
- Gishiri
- Ruwa mai zafi
- Wutar daji[11]
fari yana da alaƙa da lokacin bushewar yanayi wanda ke haifar da ruwa sama kaɗan ko babu wanda ke haifar le rashin ruwa.[12]
Tasirin fari a Zimbabwe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A Zimbabwe fari yana da tasiri da yawa wanda ya haɗa da abubuwan da ke haifar da gwagwarmayar tattalin arziki. Yawan hauhawar farashi yana ƙaruwa yayin da manoma ke fama da gazawar amfanin gona da asarar dabbobi da kuma sau da yawa gobarar daji. Saboda fari kasar tana fuskantar karancin ruwa mai tsanani da kuma mummunan karancin wutar lantarki.[13]
Ragewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don iyakance tasirin fari kasar na iya yin amfani da shuka girgije, adana girbi a cikin GMBs a lokacin shekaru masu amfani da / ko yin ban ruwa.[14]
Gina da kuma kula da madatsun ruwa da koguna waɗanda ba sa biyan manufar su [15]
Ambaliyar ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ambaliyar ruwa tana nufin yawan ruwa mai yawa fiye da iyakokinta na al'ada, musamman a kan abin da ke yawan Drylands. Wadannan suna haifar da ruwan sama da guguwa.
Tasirin Ambaliyar Ruwa a Zimbabwe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Babban tasirin ambaliyar ruwa sun haɗa da asarar rai da lalacewar gine-gine da sauran gine-gine, gami da gadoji, tsarin shara, hanyoyi, da canals. Har ila yau, ambaliyar ruwa tana lalata watsa wutar lantarki kuma wani lokacin samar da wutar lantarki. A matsayin sakamako na yau da kullun na ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani, Zimbabwe ta fuskanci matsalolin tattalin arziki saboda raguwar wucin gadi a cikin yawon bude ido, farashin sake ginawa, ko karancin abinci wanda ke haifar da karuwar farashi.[16][13][17]
Ragewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin Janairu 2022 Sashen Kare Farar Hula (DCP) na ƙasar ya kafa cibiyoyin kwashe mutane 394 a lardin Manicaland don magance tasirin Cyclone Ana. Wannan dai shi ne hanyar da gwamnati ta bi na takaita illolin da ambaliyar ruwan ke haifarwa yayin da aka yi nuni da cewa tuni wasu sassan yankunan Mutasa da Chimanimani suka fara samun iska mai karfi da ruwan sama mai karfi da ke hade da guguwar. Wata hanyar da za ta rage illar ambaliya ita ce sake tsugunar da mutane kafin lokacin da bayan ambaliya da kuma tabbatar da cewa kowa na cikin koshin lafiya lokacin da guguwar ta afkawa yankin. Ana ganin wannan a Zimbabwe inda hukumomi suka ba da sanarwar cewa yara 'yan makaranta daga yankunan da ke fama da rauni kada su je makaranta amma su kasance a gida a kwanakin da ake sa ran guguwar Freddy..[18][19]
Hasken wuta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hasken wuta yana da alaƙa da yanayin yanayi inda akwai fitar da wutar lantarki ta halitta daga girgije wanda ke faruwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma yana dumama ƙasa ko ƙasa, yawanci yana tare da walƙiya mai haske da tsawa na yau da kullun. Hasken wuta na iya lalata abubuwa da yawa kuma yana iya zama haɗari ga rayuwa.[20]
Tasirin walƙiya a Zimbabwe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hasken wuta yana da lahani sosai; yana shafar rayuwar da kuma ababen more rayuwa. An kwantar da mutane da yawa a asibiti kuma wasu sun mutu saboda tasirin walƙiya wannan ya nuna lokacin da walƙiya ta buge kuma ta ji wa fursunoni maza 13 rauni yayin da suke cin abincin rana a kurkuku a arewa maso yammacin Zimbabwe, [21] kuma a wasu yankuna musamman wuraren shakatawa da yawa dabbobi sun mutu saboda walƙiya. [22] Lightning kuma yana da rikodin lalata ababen more rayuwa, wani iyali a Beitbridge sun bar su a cikin matsala yayin da suka rasa gidansu ga walƙiya.[23]
Ragewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Don hanawa da rage tasirin walƙiya ana ba da shawara ga mutane su guji wuraren budewa da kuma tsayawa a ƙarƙashin itatuwa masu tsawo da kuma tabbatar da cewa gine-gine suna da kariya daga walƙiya.[24]
Gishiri
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Frost yana faruwa ne lokacin da yanayin yanayi ya canza wanda ke haifar da ajiyar ƙananan fararen kankara da aka kafa a ƙasa, windows, motoci ko wasu wuraren budewa lokacin da zafin jiki ya faɗi ƙasa da daskarewa [25]
Tasirin Frost a Zimbabwe
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 2021 darektan kungiyar manoma ta Zimbabwe Paul Zakariya ya tabbatar wa mai sanar da cewa yawancin manoma sun shafar sanyi yayin da ya ce sun sami rahotanni da yawa game da sanyi a ƙasa wanda ya shafi amfanin gona da yawa a duk faɗin masu shuka na Zimbabwe da yanayin sanyi ya shafa.[26] A wasu yankuna kamar Matobo sa sanyi sau da yawa yakan buge mutane koyaushe suna shafar sanyi kamar yadda sanyi zai shafi su.
Ragewa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Masanin harkokin noma Mista Ivan Craig ya karfafa gwiwar manoma da su rage barnar amfanin gona zuwa sanyi ta hanyar noman amfanin gona da ba sa saurin sanyi a lokacin sanyi wadannan su ne albasa, Peas, tafarnuwa, farin kabeji, broccoli, karas da kabejin hunturu da dai sauransu. Mutanen da ke cikin wuraren da sanyi ke fama da su koyaushe ana ƙarfafa su su kasance cikin dumi koyaushe don guje wa kamuwa da sanyi. Manoma kuma za su iya gina katangar ciyawa a kewayen lambun ko kuma su ƙone takar shanu a kewayen filin domin hakan zai taimaka wajen kama sanyi idan ya zo..[27]
- ↑ "Zimbabwe climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation, when to go, what to pack". www.climatestotravel.com. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
- ↑ "Zimbabwe Maps & Facts". WorldAtlas (in Turanci). 2021-02-24. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- 1 2 Römer, Wolfgang (2010). "Multiple planation surfaces in basement regions: Implications for the reconstruction of periods of denudation and uplift in southern Zimbabwe". Geomorphology. 114 (3): 199–212. Bibcode:2010Geomo.114..199R. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.07.001.
- 1 2 Moore, A.E. (1999). "A reapprisal of epeirogenic flexure axes in southern Africa". South African Journal of Geology. 102 (4): 363–376.
- ↑ Goudie, A.S. (2005). "The drainage of Africa since the Cretaceous". Geomorphology. 67 (3–4): 437–456. Bibcode:2005Geomo..67..437G. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.11.008.
- ↑ "Mount Inyangani | mountain peak, Zimbabwe | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-14.
- ↑ Robinson, Deena (2023-01-09). "The Biggest Environmental Problems Of 2021". Earth.Org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- ↑ "Zimbabwe: Floods and Storms I Flash Update No. 1, 3 February 2022 - Zimbabwe | ReliefWeb". reliefweb.int (in Turanci). 4 February 2022. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ↑ "World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal". climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-05-16.
- ↑ "8 Main Types of Weather Hazards | Meteorology". Your Article Library (in Turanci). 2016-08-18. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ↑ US Department of Commerce, NOAA. "What is meant by the term drought?". www.weather.gov (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- 1 2 garikaib (2023-01-24). "Floods". Free ZIMSEC & Cambridge Revision Notes (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ↑ garikaib (2023-01-24). "Drought". Free ZIMSEC & Cambridge Revision Notes (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2023-03-25. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ↑ "Ongoing Projects - Zinwa" (in Turanci). 2022-06-15. Retrieved 2023-04-03.
- ↑ "Floods - Causes and Effects of Flooding | Flood Protection". www.english-online.at. Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ↑ Newsday, The Standard and. "Cyclone Ana hits Zim". NewsDay (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-25.
- ↑ "Cyclone Freddy: Schools Shut – ZimEye" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ↑ Chronicle, The (24 February 2023). "Cyclone Freddy: Schools to remain closed until Tuesday". The Chronicle (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ↑ "Definition of lightning | Dictionary.com". www.dictionary.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ↑ "Lightning strikes 13 Zimbabwe prisoners having lunch". News24 (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ↑ "Lightning turns rainy season into a nightmare – Zimbabwe Situation" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ↑ "Lightning strikes huts in Siyoka – Zimbabwe Situation" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ↑ "Lightning". Palmer Construction Zimbabwe (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ↑ "frost". education.nationalgeographic.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ↑ "Several Zimbabwean growers hit by frosty conditions". www.freshplaza.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-27.
- ↑ "Farmers advised on frost – Zimbabwe Situation" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-27.