Yanayin Chicago
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yanayin Chicago an rarraba shi azaman zafi-lokaci mai zafi (Köppen: Trewartha: Dca) tare da zafi zafi mai zafi da sanyi, wani lokacin dusar ƙanƙara. Kodayake yankunan da ke bakin tafkin kamar Arewacin tsibirin suna da yanayin Cfa (mai zafi) ta amfani da isotherm na hunturu na Köppen -3 ° C (27 ° F), har ma da waɗannan yankuna na nahiyar ne (Dca) a ƙarƙashin Trewartha saboda hunturu da ke ƙasa da 0 ° C (32 ° F), [1] kuma yankunan cikin gida kamar Midway da O'Hare International Airports na nahiyar har ma a ƙarƙashin Köppen. [2] Dukkanin yanayi huɗu suna wakiltar su sosai: Winters suna da sanyi kuma galibi suna ganin dusar ƙanƙara tare da yanayin zafi na 0 Celsius da iska, yayin da bazara ke da dumi da zafi tare da yanayin da ya fi zafi a ciki, bazara da fall suna kawo yanayin sanyi da zafi da sararin samaniya mai haske. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a Birnin Chicago yana da matsakaici kuma an rarraba shi daidai, watanni mafi bushewa shine Janairu da Fabrairu da kuma mafi ruwan sama Yuli [3] da Agusta.[4][5][6] Yanayin Chicago yana tasiri a duk lokutan hudu ta wurin kasancewar Lake Michigan da ke kusa.[7][8]
Wuraren hukuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ofishin Kula da Yanayi na Kasa na Chicago yana da ɗaya daga cikin lokutan mafi tsawo na bayanan yanayi na hukuma, wanda ya samo asali daga 1870, kodayake duk bayanan yanayi na 1870 da 1871 da aka ɗauka a 181 West Washington Street sun ɓace a cikin Babban Wutar Chicago. Daga cikin manyan filayen jirgin sama guda biyu da ke Birnin Chicago, Filin jirgin saman Midway ya fara lura a 1928, kuma Filin jirgin sama na O'Hare ya fara su a 1958. Dukkanin shafuka sun yi aiki a baya a matsayin wurin lura na hukuma, wanda shine tashar hukuma ta yanzu. Bayanan yanayi daga Filin jirgin saman Midway kafin Yuli 1, 1942, da kuma bayan Janairu 16, 1980, da bayanai daga Filin Jirgin saman O'Hare kafin Janairu 17, 1980, ba sa cikin rikodin yanayi na Chicago.
Ga jerin wuraren lura da yanayi na hukuma don ofishin Chicago: [9]
| Ranar da aka yi | Wurin da yake | Magana |
|---|---|---|
| Oktoba 15, 1870 - Oktoba 8, 1871 | 181 W. Washington St. | Dukkanin rikodin da suka ɓace saboda Babban Wutar Chicago |
| Oktoba 15, 1871 - Yuni 11, 1872 | 427 W. Randolph St. | |
| Yuni 11, 1872 - Yuni 8, 1873 | 20 N. Wacker Dr. | |
| Yuni 8, 1873 - Janairu 1, 1887 | Ginin Roanoke | |
| Janairu 1, 1887 - Fabrairu 1, 1890 | Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Chicago | |
| Fabrairu 1, 1890 - Yuli 1, 1905 | Hasumiyar Auditorium | An shigar da ma'aunin ruwan sama na atomatik a cikin 1897 |
| Yuli 1, 1905 - Disamba 31, 1925 | Gidan Kotun Amurka | Ƙarin abubuwan lura ta hanyar 1970 |
| Janairu 1, 1926 - Yuni 30, 1942 | Jami'ar Chicago | Ƙarin abubuwan lura har zuwa 1962 |
| Yuli 1, 1942 - Janairu 16, 1980 | Filin jirgin saman Midway | Ci gaba da bayar da ra'ayoyi |
| Janairu 17, 1980 - yanzu | Filin jirgin saman O'Hare |
Lura: Wasu daga cikin adiresoshin kafin 1909 sun bambanta da adiresoshin bayan 1909.
Rarrabawar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lokaci
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Lokacin hunturu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Lokacin hunturu a Birnin Chicago yawanci sanyi ne kuma dusar ƙanƙara. Birnin yawanci yana Yankin dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hunturu fiye da sauran manyan biranen da ke kusa da Great Lakes, kamar 10 inches (25 cm) ko Buffalo, amma mafi yawan dusar ƙara fiye da Gabashin Gabas a biranen kamar Washington DC ko Birnin New York. Ruwan dusar ƙanƙara a cikin birni ya kasance daga inci 9.8 (24.9 (a cikin 1920-21) har zuwa 89.7 inches (228 cm) in (228 (A cikin 1978-79), kuma matsakaicin dusar ƙara a shekara-shekara a Birnin Chicago shine inci 36 (91 . [10] Yawancin hunturu suna haifar da dusar ƙanƙara da yawa a lokacin kakar a cikin tarin haske na kusan 2 in (5.1 cm). Birane a wancan gefen Tafkin Michigan yawanci suna karɓar dusar ƙanƙara fiye da Chicago saboda dusar ƙenƙara da ke tasirin tafkin da ke faɗuwa a kan waɗannan al'ummomin, kodayake iskõki na arewa maso gabas na iya kawo dusar ƙafara zuwa yankin Chicago. Koyaya, kowane shekaru uku ko haka a lokacin hunturu Chicago tana fuskantar guguwar dusar ƙanƙara mai nauyi wanda zai iya samar da sama da 10 in (25 cm) na dusar ƙara a cikin kwanaki 1- zuwa 3, matakin dusar ƙenƙara da ake gani sau da yawa a biranen da ke kan "snowbelt" a wancan gefen tafkin kamar Grand Rapids, Michigan, Kalamazoo, Michigan, da South Bend, Indiana.
Yanayin sanyi gabaɗaya sanyi ne., kamar yawancin Arewacin Amurka, na iya bambanta sosai a cikin tsawon mako guda. Matsakaicin zafin rana na yau da kullun a cikin Janairu a O'Hare shine 31.0 °F (-0.6 °C) tare da matsakaicin matsakaicin yau da kullun na 16.5 °F (-8.6 °C) da ma'anar yau da kullun na 23.6 °F (-4.7 °C). Yanayin zafi yana raguwa zuwa ko ƙasa 0 °F (-18 °C) a darare 5.5 kowace shekara a Midway da dare 8.2 a O'Hare da kuma har zuwa dare 10–14 a wasu yankunan yammaci da arewa masu nisa,[1] ko da yake ƙaramin sifili (°F) idan babu murfin dusar ƙanƙara ba kasafai ba ne.[2] An sami ɗimbin lokutan lokutan hunturu da yawa ba tare da karatun ƙasa da sifili ɗaya ba, duk da haka akwai lokacin sanyi tare da karatun 20 ko sama da haka. Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka rubuta a cikin watannin sanyi na yanayi na Disamba, Janairu, da Fabrairu shine 75 °F (24 °C), wanda aka saita a ranar 27 ga Fabrairu, 1976. Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka rubuta a lokacin sanyin yanayi shine −27 °F (-33 °C), wanda aka saita a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1985. Bugu da kari, an saita rikodin kowane lokaci akan iyakar -114°C 24, 1983, kuma an ɗaure a ranar 18 ga Janairu, 1994. Duk da haka, a ƙarshen Janairu 2019, wani tashin hankali na polar vortex ya karkata zuwa kudu, yana lulluɓe birnin cikin sabon yanayin zafi mai ƙasa da −23 °F (-31 °C) a ranar 30 ga Janairu, kodayake birnin ya rasa mafi ƙarancin lokacin da aka samu, a cikin mafi ƙarancin lokacin da aka samu a cikin 30 ga Janairu. -10 °F (-23 °C) rana ɗaya yayin barkewar cutar. Gudun iskar ya kai aƙalla mil 20 a cikin sa'a guda, yana ƙara tsananta yanayin sanyin iska[11][12]
Tasirin dumama na Tafkin Michigan a lokacin hunturu yana sa yanayin zafi na ƙasa da ƙarancin a bakin tafkin fiye da sauran sassan cikin gari. Highs ya kai 50 °F (10 °C) ° F (10 ° C) matsakaicin kwanaki 8.8 a kowane hunturu daga Disamba zuwa Fabrairu a Midway.
Dangane da matsakaicin shekaru 30 da aka samu daga Cibiyar Bayanan Yanayi ta Kasa ta NOAA don watanni na Disamba, Janairu da Fabrairu, Tashar Yanayi ta sanya Chicago a matsayin birni na shida mafi sanyi a Amurka har zuwa shekarar 2014. [13]
Kodayake yana da matukar wuya, yanayin zafi a lokacin marigayi (na taurari) hunturu (yawanci Maris 1-20) na iya kaiwa sama da 80 °F (27 °C) ° F (27 ° C). A cikin shekara ta 2012, akwai kwanaki takwas a cikin watan Maris tare da yanayin zafi 80 °F (27 °C) ° F (27 ° C) + (tare da rana ta tara da ke faruwa a yankuna da yawa na kewayen birni) a lokacin rikodin rikodin Maris 2012 na Arewacin Amurka. Kwanaki biyu na ƙarshe na 80 °F (27 °C) ° F (27 ° C) a cikin wannan rikodin rikodin zafi ya faru ne bayan equinox na bazara.
Lokacin bazara a Birnin Chicago shine watakila mafi yawan lokacin da ba a iya tsammani ba: Yanayin hunturu na iya ci gaba har zuwa watan Afrilu ko ma zuwa farkon watan Mayu, tare da hunturu na 1953-54 a Birninago daga Nuwamba har zuwa Mayu, kamar yadda aka auna ta lokacin tsakanin dusar ƙanƙara ta farko da ta ƙarshe na kakar. Hadari na iya faruwa a kowane lokaci na shekara amma sun fi yawa a lokacin bazara a matsayin tsakiyar birnin a cikin Amurka, da kuma wurin da yake a bakin tafkin, ya sa ya zama cibiyar rikice-rikice tsakanin manyan iska mai dumi da sanyi, wanda zai iya haifar da yanayi mai tsanani iri-iri. Guguwa mafi tsanani na iya ƙunsar babban ƙanƙara, lalata iskõki masu layin kai tsaye, ambaliyar ruwa, da guguwa. Tun daga shekara ta 1850, guguwa 23 sun mamaye iyakokin birnin Chicago. A lokacin tsawa, ana ganin walƙiya ta kai hari kan gine-ginen Chicago akai-akai.
Dusar ƙanƙara mai girma tana faruwa ne a ƙarshen Maris da farkon Afrilu. A cikin 1970, sama da inci 10 (25 cm) na dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗi a cikin guguwar da ta faru a ranar 1-2 ga Afrilu.[1] Shekaru goma sha biyu bayan haka, an dage Ranar Buɗe Gasar Chicago White Sox saboda wani inci 9 (23 cm) dusar ƙanƙara da ta faru a ranar 5 ga Afrilu.[2] Har ma fiye da ban mamaki, sama da inci 18 (46 cm) na dusar ƙanƙara ta faɗo a ranar 25-26 ga Maris, 1930, wanda ya kasance ɗayan manyan guguwar dusar ƙanƙara guda biyar da aka yi rikodin a cikin birni duk da cewa tana faruwa a bayan tsakar dare.[3] Matsakaicin kwanan wata don auna dusar ƙanƙara ta ƙarshe (≥0.1 inci (0.25 cm)) shine Afrilu 1.1.
Yanayin zafi ya bambanta sosai a lokacin bazara; a 100 °F (38 °C) ° F (38 ° C), Maris shine watan da ke da mafi girma tsakanin rikodin sama da ƙasa. A O'Hare, an rubuta yanayin zafi kamar 7 da 31 ° F (−14 da -1 ° C) a ƙarshen Afrilu 7 da Mayu 21, bi da bi. Sabanin haka, a cikin bayanan hukuma, farkon 100 °F (38 °C) ° F (38 ° C) ya faru a ranar 1 ga Yuni, 1934, lokacin da aka dauki karatun hukuma kusa da Tafkin Michigan. Kodayake yana da wuya, zafi mai lambobi uku ya faru a ƙarshen Mayu a Filin jirgin saman Midway da kuma wuraren da ke kusa da birni. Yawanci, ƙarancin sanyi na ƙarshe na kakar a matsakaici yana faruwa a ranar 13 ga Afrilu a Midway kuma kwanaki goma bayan haka a O'Hare. Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka rubuta a lokacin watanni na bazara na Maris, Afrilu, da Mayu shine, a hukumance, 98 °F (37 °C) ° F (37 ° C) a ranar 31 ga Mayu, 1934, lokacin da har yanzu ana ɗaukar bayanan yanayi a kusa da Tafkin Michigan. Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka rubuta a cikin bazara shine -12 ° F (-24 ° C), wanda aka saita a ranar 4 ga Maris, 1873.
A lokacin bazara, tasirin Tafkin Michigan ya fi yawa. A wannan lokacin, tafkin har yanzu yana da sanyi sosai, saboda tasirin yanayin zafi mai zafi yana da jinkiri don shafar babban ruwa na Tafkin Michigan. Ya zama ruwan dare ga bakin tekun Michigan da yanayin zafi na ruwa su kasance a cikin 40s har ma a cikin Mayu. Idan iskõki sun busa daga gabas, ko daga Tafkin Michigan zuwa cikin birni, ana iya samun bambancin yanayi a cikin yanayin zafi a cikin mil, musamman a kwanakin zafi. Ba sabon abu ba ne don za a rubuta yanayin zafi a hukumance a cikin 80s ko ƙasa da 90s ° F (27-34 ° C), musamman a farkon Yuni, a O'Hare, Midway, da kuma a wuraren da ke kusa amma a sami yanayin zafi ya zama 20 zuwa 30 ° F (11 zuwa 17 ° C) mai sanyi tare da bakin tafkin da ke kusa.
Lokacin bazara
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A rana ta rani, yawanci zafi yana da matsakaici, kuma yanayin zafi yana kaiwa ko'ina tsakanin 78 da 92 ° F (26 da 33 ° C). A watan Yuli, ba sabon abu ba ne cewa zafin jiki ya tafi kusa da 90 da 93 ° F (32 da 34 ° C). Yanayin zafi na dare a lokacin rani yawanci ya sauka zuwa kusan 65 °F (2.8 °C)-70 ° F (18-21 ° C), kodayake har ma a watan Yuli da Agusta akwai daren da yawa inda zafin jiki ya sauka ƙasa da 60 °F (16 °C) ° F (16 ° C), musamman a lokacin lokacin bazara mai sanyi, kuma ba sabon abu ba ne a ga yanayin zafi ya sauka kasa da 50 °F (10 °C) ° F (10 ° C). Sabanin haka, a kan wani matsananci, yanayin zafi na iya kasancewa sama da 80 °F (27 °C) ° F (27 ° C) da dare, kodayake wannan matakin zafi na dare yana iyakance ga birnin da ya dace tare da tasirin tsibirin zafi na birane tare da Tafkin Michigan da ke kusa. A irin wannan dare mai dumi, musamman a lokacin raƙuman zafi masu ƙarfi, yawancin wuraren da ke kusa da birni sun sauka zuwa tsakanin 75 da 79 ° F (24 da 26 ° C) amma da sauri suna sake dawowa da sassafe. A lokacin irin wannan raƙuman zafi masu ƙarfi, yankunan da ke kewaye da su na iya yin rikodin yanayin zafi fiye da 5 ° F (2.8 ° C) sama da birni da wuraren bakin tafkin.
Cikakken misali na irin wannan abin da ya faru, kodayake an dauke shi "ba bisa hukuma ba", ya faru a lokacin shekarun Dust Bowl. Filin jirgin saman Midway ya yi rikodin rikodin kwanaki takwas a jere 100 °F (38 °C) ° F-plus a watan Yulin 1936. A cikin wannan guguwar zafi, yanayin zafi a tafkin ya kasance a tsakiya da sama 90s Fahrenheit (tsakiyar 30s Celsius), yayin da Filin jirgin saman Midway ya rubuta yanayin zafi sama da 100 ° F (38 ° C) kusan makonni biyu, ya kai 107 °F (42 °C) ° F (42 ° C) a ranar 11 ga Yuli. Babban rikodin hukuma na Chicago na Yuli 11 kuma daga 1936 - amma an rubuta shi kawai a matsayin 97 °F (36 °C) ° F (36 ° C). Ƙarin yamma a cikin abin da a yau zai zama kusa da nesa (misali DuPage County da yamma), yanayin zafi ya kai 110 °F (43 °C) ° F (43 ° C) ko kuma mafi girma a maki a lokacin wannan babbar guguwar zafi. Wadannan matsanancin yanayin zafi ba a nuna su a cikin bayanan hukuma ba saboda an dauki abubuwan lura da yanayi na yau da kullun a Jami'ar Chicago har zuwa 1942. Jami'ar Chicago tana kusa da tafkin, wanda zai iya kuma yana rage yanayin zafi a yankin bakin teku a lokacin rani.
Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka rubuta a Birnin Chicago a lokacin watanni na rani na Yuni, Yuli, da Agusta, wanda kuma shine mafi girman rikodin lokaci a cikin birni, shine 105 °F (41 °C) ° F (41 ° C), wanda aka kafa a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 1934, kodayake a Filin jirgin saman Midway, wurin lura na gaba, zafin ya kai 109 °F (43 °C) ° F (43 ° C). Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka rubuta a cikin watanni na rani shine 35 °F (2 °C) ° F (2 ° C), wanda aka saita a ranar 4 ga Yuni, 1945. Bugu da kari, an kafa mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na 85 °F (29 °C) ° F (29 ° C) a ranar 29 ga Yuli, 1916.
Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na Chicago yana zuwa a matsHakki kimanin inci 36 (910 , amma a lokacin rani, ruwan sama yana tasowa daga ruwan sama mai gajeren lokaci maimakon ruwan sama mai tsawo, kuma tsawa ma yana faruwa akai-akai da dare. Derechos kuma sun zama ruwan dare a lokacin bazara, mafi sananne shine, ranar 4 ga watan Agusta, 2008 derecho, wanda ya haifar da guguwa biyar a fadin yankin Chicago kuma ya kashe mutum daya. A lokacin rani na yau da kullun, yanayin zafi ya wuce 90 °F (32 °C) ° F (32 ° C) a cikin kwanaki 23. Lokacin bazara shine mafi yawan ruwan sama da kuma lokacin rana a Birnin Chicago; kawai watanni uku na Yuni zuwa Agusta suna fuskantar fiye da 65% na yiwuwar hasken rana.
A watan Yulin 2012, a lokacin guguwar zafi ta Arewacin Amurka ta 2012, Chicago ta kai kuma ta wuce 100 °F (38 °C) ° F (38 ° C) na kwanaki uku a jere a Filin jirgin saman O'Hare tare da tsawo da suka kai 103 °F (39 °C) ° F (39 ° C) a cikin birni da kuma yankuna da yawa da ke kusa da birni suna yin rikodin yanayin zafi tsakanin 105 da 110 ° F (41 da 43 ° C). Wannan shi ne karo na farko a cikin shekaru 65 da Chicago ta taba ganin triad na kwanaki 100 °F (38 °C) ° F (38 ° C). 100 °F (38 °C) Chicago kusan ta yi rikodin rana ta huɗu a jere 100 ° F (38 ° C), amma zafin jiki ya kai digiri 98 a O'Hare da yamma kafin sanyi mai rauni ya zo ta yankin kuma ya sanyaya yanayin zafi dan kadan a cikin birnin, yana riƙe a cikin ƙananan 90s. Sakamakon sanyi bai shafi yankuna da yawa ba, yayin da yanayin zafi ya kai ko ya wuce 100 ° F (38 ° C) na rana ta huɗu a jere a duk yankin.
A lokacin rani, Tafkin Michigan yana ci gaba da yin tasiri a kan yanayin Chicago, amma ba ya zama ruwan dare ko kuma yana da ƙarfi kamar yadda yake a lokacin watanni na bazara. A kwanakin zafi sosai, yanayin zafi har yanzu yana iya zama mai sanyi a gefen bakin teku da dan kadan a cikin tafkin idan iskõki sun busa daga gabas. Za'a iya gudanar da zafin jiki a cikin 70s ko 80s a cikin waɗannan yankuna yayin da yanayin zafi na waje da na kewayen birni ke tashi sosai a cikin 90s. Hakanan zafin jiki na iya kaiwa ga matsanancin matakan zafi a kan iyakar bakin teku, kamar lokacin da zafin iska ya kai 105 °F (41 °C) ° F (41 ° C) a tsibirin Northerly a lokacin guguwar zafi da aka ambata a watan Yulin 2012.
Lokacin kaka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Matsanancin zafin a Chicaga yana iya kasancewa a tsayin lokacin rani na iya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin kaka. Yanayin zafi ya kai 100 °F (38 °C) har zuwa ƙarshen Satumba 7 (tare da 99 °F (37 °C) yana faruwa a ƙarshen Satumba 29), kuma yanayin zafi ya kai 90 °F (32 °C) har zuwa ƙarshen 6 ga Oktoba, wanda ya faru a 1963, tare da zafin jiki na 94 °F (32 °C) a ranar 3 ga watan Oktoba. Akasin haka, yanayin zafi ya ragu zuwa daskarewa a cikin dare tun daga ranar 23 ga Satumba, kuma yanayin zafi ƙasa da 0 °F (-18 °C) ya isa a farkon Nuwamba 23. Daskarewar farkon kakar akan matsakaita yana faruwa a ranar 24 ga Oktoba a Midway da kwanaki 11 da suka gabata a O'Hare. Ko da yake ba kasafai ba, yanayin zafi a ko sama da 70 °F (21 °C) an yi rikodin zuwa farkon Disamba, mafi kwanan nan a cikin 2012 lokacin da aka yi rikodin 70 °F (21 °C) a ranar 3 ga Disamba, wasu wuraren da ke kewaye da ke kaiwa yanayin zafi sama da 72 °F (22 °C) zuwa 75 °F (24 °C).
Lokacin kaka, a wasu hanyoyi, lokaci ne mai kwanciyar hankali fiye da kowane ɗayan uku a Birnin Chicago. Koyaya, yanayin daji na iya kuma yana faruwa a yankin a wannan kakar. A mafi yawan shekaru, lokacin zafi, wanda aka sani da Lokacin rani na Indiya, yana faruwa sosai bayan da aka faru da equinox na kaka. A cikin waɗannan abin da ake kira lokacin rani na Indiya, yanayin zafi mai ban mamaki na iya ci gaba da kwanaki da yawa har zuwa Oktoba, kuma a cikin kaka mai zafi, har zuwa Nuwamba. Misali, a lokacin 2005 American League Division Series, don wasannin gida tsakanin Chicago White Sox da Boston Red Sox, yanayin zafi ya tashi zuwa kusa da 90 °F (32 °C) ° F (32 ° C), duk da gaskiyar cewa ya riga ya kasance cikin Oktoba. A saman wannan, a lokacin wannan zafi a watan Oktoba na shekara ta 2005, na kwanaki biyu a jere zafin dare ya kasa sauka ƙasa da 70 °F (21 °C) ° F (21 ° C), wani abu mai ban mamaki ga Chicago a watan Oktoba. Wani misali ya faru a watan Nuwamba 2020, lokacin da tsawon mako-mako na yanayin zafi a cikin ƙasa zuwa tsakiyar 70s ya faru, gami da biyu daga cikin goma sha ɗaya mafi zafi a cikin Nuwamba ya rubuta daga Nuwamba 4 zuwa 10.[14]
Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka rubuta a lokacin watanni na kaka na Satumba, Oktoba, da Nuwamba shine 101 °F (38 °C) ° F (38 ° C), an saita shi a baya zuwa baya, Satumba 1-2, 1953, wanda ya biyo bayan sabon 100 °F (38 °C) ° F (3 8 ° C) na Chicago a ranar 7 ga Satumba, 1960. Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka rubuta a lokacin watanni na kaka shine -2 ° F (-19 ° C), wanda aka saita a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 1872, kuma an ɗaure shi a ranar 24 ga Nuwamba.
Lokacin kaka na iya kawo ruwan sama mai yawa, wasu daga cikinsu suna iya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani. Yayin da lokacin hunturu ke gabatowa, barazanar babban hunturu ko dusar ƙanƙara yana ƙaruwa, kuma akwai manyan hadari na hunturu a kusa da hutun godiya, wanda ke haifar da manyan jinkiri a manyan filayen jirgin sama biyu na birnin. Na farko da za'a iya auna ≥0.1 inches (0.25 cm) a (0.25 °F (−15 °C) dusar ƙanƙara a matsakaici ya faɗi a ranar 19 ga Nuwamba. Koyaya, a cikin lokacin hunturu na 2012-13, dusar ƙanƙara ta farko ba ta faɗi ba har zuwa 20 ga Disamba, 2012, ta rufe rikodin da ya gabata na 17 ga Disamba. Lokacin kaka / hunturu na 2012-13 zai kasa samar da matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun a ƙasa da daskarewa 32 °F (0 °C) ° F (0 ° C) har zuwa Janairu 1, 2013, lokaci na farko da ya faru a cikin bayanan yanayi na Chicago. Dukan shekara ta kalandar 2012 ba ta yi rikodin zafin jiki ƙasa da 5 ° F (-15 ° C). Babban guguwar dusar ƙanƙara kafin lokacin sanyi ya sauka inci 14.8 (380 a Filin jirgin saman Midway a watan Disamba 1929.
A lokacin kaka, tasirin Tafkin Michigan yawanci ana juyawa daga bazara ko bazara, musamman a ƙarshen kaka. Yanayin zafi a kusa da bakin tekun na iya zama 'yan digiri masu zafi fiye da yankunan da ke kewaye, musamman a lokacin dare saboda jinkirin tasirin yanayin sanyi a kan babban ruwa. Yana da wuya, ko da yake yana yiwuwa, a lokacin rani na Indiya lokacin da yanayin zafi mai ban mamaki ke faruwa a cikin yankunan cikin gari da kewayen don yanayin zafi ya zama ɗan sanyi tare da tafkin kamar yadda yakan faru a lokacin bazara.
Ƙarfin Ƙarfin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka taɓa yin rikodin a cikin iyakokin birnin Chicago shine 109 °F (43 °C) ° F (43 ° C) a ranar 24 ga Yuli, 1934, a Filin jirgin saman Midway. An dauki karatun hukuma na 105 °F (41 °C) ° F (41 ° C) don wannan rana a harabar Jami'ar Chicago kusa da bakin tekun Lake Michigan. 105 ° sama a wannan rana shine mafi girman zafin jiki na hukuma da aka taɓa rubuta a cikin birni. A ranar 29 ga Yuli, 1916, yanayin zafi ya nutse zuwa 85 °F (29 °C) ° F (29 ° C). Yawancin wuraren da ke kusa da birane, birane da yankunan karkara suna da rikodin lokaci-lokaci waɗanda suka wuce 110 °F (43 °C) ° F (43 ° C), da yawa daga cikinsu an saita su a lokacin guguwar zafi a watan Yuli 1936, lokacin da babban guguwar zafin ya mamaye dukan yankin Chicago da arewacin Illinois, wanda ya haifar da kwanaki takwas a jere a ko sama da 100 °F (38 °C) ° F (38 ° C) a Filin jirgin saman Midway, ya kai 107 °F (42 °C) ° F (42 ° C) ranar 11 ga Yuli, 1936. A kusa da yankin, shafuka da yawa sun rubuta akalla kwanaki 10 a ko sama da 100 °, gami da kwanaki 15 a jere a ko sama le 100 a kudancin karkara LaSalle, wanda ya rubuta matsakaicin zafin jiki na 100.8 °F (38.2 °C) ° F (38.2 ° C) don watan Yuli, 1936. Yanayin zafi ya kai 112 °F (44 °C) ° F (44 ° C) a Rockford.[15] An dauki abubuwan lura na hukuma a Jami'ar Chicago, wanda ya haifar da bayanan hukuma da suka rage mafi yawa a tsakiyar 90s, tare da rana ɗaya da ta kai 102 °F (39 °C) ° F (39 ° C), yana rufe ainihin yanayin guguwar zafi kuma yana kwatanta ikon tasirin sanyaya na Lake Michigan a yankunan bakin teku. Ba a tura abubuwan lura na hukuma zuwa Filin jirgin saman Midway a cikin 1942.
Karatun lokacin rani kusa da tafkin na iya zama digiri da yawa fiye da wuraren da ke cikin gida, musamman idan iska ta tafkin ta kasance, wanda ke nuna cewa karatun da ba na hukuma ba na iya zama daidai. A lokacin Chicago Heat Wave na 1995, wanda ya kashe mutane 739, yanayin zafi na hukuma ya kai 104 °F (40 °C) ° F (40 ° C) a Filin jirgin saman O'Hare da 106 °F (41 °C) ° F (41 ° C) na Midway; babban danshi ya tura ma'aunin zafi zuwa 15-20 ° F (8-11 ° C) sama da ainihin yanayin iska, wanda ya haifar da alamun zafi sama da 120 °F (49 °C) ° F (49 ° C).
Yawan zafin jiki mafi sanyi da aka taɓa yin rikodin a cikin iyakar birnin Chicago shine -27 ° F (-33 ° C) a O'Hare a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1985, kodayake an yi rikodin yanayin zafi ba bisa ka'ida ba kamar -3 ° F (-19 ° C) an yi rikon a Filin jirgin saman Chicago Aurora a yankunan karkara na yamma da yankunan karamar hukumar zuwa yammacin Chicago. [16] A ranar 24 ga Disamba, 1983, ga Janairu, 1994, yawan zafin jiki ya kai -1 ° F (-18 ° C).
Mafi girman ruwan sama na sa'o'i 24, a cikin rana ɗaya ta kalandar, ya kasance 6.86 inches (174.2 mm) in (174.2 a O'Hare a ranar 23 ga Yuli, 2011. Mafi yawan ruwan sama da ya fadi 'o'i 24 ya kasance 9.35 inches (237.5 mm) in (237.5 a ranar 13-14 ga Agusta, 1987. Wannan taron kuma ya kafa rikodin ruwan sama mafi girma na sa'o'i 6 da 12 kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga ruwan sama na watan Agusta 1987. Mafi girman dusar ƙanƙara a ranar kalandar ya kasance 18.6 inches (47.2 cm) in (47.2 , kuma a O'Hare, a ranar 2 ga Janairu, 1999. Rashin zurfin dusar ƙanƙara na yau da kullun ya tara har zuwa 29 inches (74 cm) in (74 cm) a ranar 14 ga Janairu, 1979; tun daga 2019, Janairu 1979 kadai yana riƙe da 8 na farko na manyan ma'aunin zurfin dusara na yau.
Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na wata-wata ya kasance daga 10.1 °F (−12.2 °C) ° F (-12.2 ° C) a watan Janairun 1977 zuwa 81.3 °F (27.4 °C) ° F (27.4 ° C) A watan Yulin 1955, dukansu an rubuta su a Midway, yayin da matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara ya kasance daga 45.1 °F (7.3 °C) ° F. (7.3 ° C) zuwa 1875, kamar yadda aka rubuta a Ginin Roanoke, zuwa 54.5 °F (12.5 °C) ° F (12.5 ° C), kamar yadda aka yi rikodin a O'Hare. Watan da ya fi bushewa a rubuce shi ne Satumba 1979 tare da kawai 0.01 inches (0.25 mm) in (0.25 na ruwan sama, yayin da mafi ruwan sama shine Agusta 1987 tare da 17.10 inches (434 mm) in (434 na hazo; ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance daga 22.22 inches (564 mm) in (564 a 1962 zuwa 50.86 inches (1,292 mm) in (1,292 a 2008.
Birnin Windy
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An san Chicago da Windy City . Sunan "Windy City" ba ya nufin yanayin Chicago. An yi imanin cewa wani marubucin jaridar New York ne ya kirkireshi wanda ya yi wa jama'ar Chicago ba'a yayin da suke inganta birninsu a matsayin shafin yanar gizon Columbian Exposition na 1893. An yi imanin cewa ana kiranta "Windy City" saboda 'yan siyasa a yankin suna hura iska mai zafi. Dangane da yanayi, Chicago tana da ɗan iska fiye da matsakaicin birnin Amurka. Matsakaicin saurin iska ya kasance daga mil 8 a kowace awa (13 km / h) a lokacin rani zuwa mil 12 a kowace awa (19 km / h).
Iska ta tafkin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Chicago na iya zama mai sanyaya yanayi fiye da sauran sassan Illinois saboda kusancinta da mafi ƙarancin ruwan tafkin Michigan, tasirin da aka fi bayyana a lokacin bazara da farkon bazara. Iskar lakeshore mai yawa tana tura mai sanyaya, iska mai laushi zuwa Chicago fiye da iska mai zafi na Jihohin Plains (yawanci yawan iska mai laushi dangane da yanayin wurare dabam dabam), amma tasirin zai iya zama a cikin gida ta yadda kawai yankunan da ke kusa da bakin ruwa (duka arewa da kudu maso kudu) sun fi sanyi fiye da sassan cikin birni. (Wannan shi ne inda kalmar hasashen yanayi da ake ta maimaitawa "mai sanyaya ta tafkin" ta fito daga.) Kudanci, yamma da kudu maso yammacin yankunan karkara na iya zama fiye da 20°F (11°C) fiye da gaban tafkin a wasu lokutan shekara. [ana binciken hujja] [citation need] Iskar tabkin kuma tana da wasu illoli, gami da hazo mai yawa da ke zubewa cikin birnin. Saboda tsarin rufaffiyar madauki tare da iskar tabki da ke tafiya gaba da gaba a cikin birni, ana tunanin zai ƙara ƙaramar ƙididdige ƙimar ozone. Bambance-bambancen shugabanci na iska a kowane gefen layin rarrabawar thermal yana ba da damar haɓaka haɓaka mai kaifi a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi, dacewa don haɓakar tsawa. Iskar bakin teku ko ta ƙasa tana rufe iskar tafkin kuma tana iya yin akasin haka, tare da jujjuyawar tabkin, yawanci a tsakiyar-zuwa ƙarshen bazara da kaka. A matsayinka na gaba ɗaya, akasin yanayin yana faruwa a lokacin hunturu - yanayin sanyi yana da zafi tare da tafkin da cikin gari fiye da na cikin gida.
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Guguwa a Birnin Chicago
- ↑ Millison, Andrew (August 2019). "Climate Classification Systems".
- ↑ "Köppen climate classification - World Distribution, Major Types, Climate Zones | Britannica".
- ↑ "Precipitation Rankings for January for Chicago, IL". NWS Chicago. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
- ↑ "February Precipitation Rankings for Chicago, IL". NWS Chicago. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
- ↑ "July Precipitation Amounts for Chicago, IL". NWS Chicago. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
- ↑ "August Precipitation Amounts for Chicago, IL". NWS Chicago. Retrieved 3 December 2019.
- ↑ "How does Chicago's proximity to Lake Michigan affect our weather?". 13 Dec 2025.
- ↑ "Climate of Chicago - Description, Illinois State Climatologist Office, Illinois State Water Survey, U of I". www.isws.illinois.edu. Retrieved 2025-01-13.
- ↑ "History of the Chicago and Rockford weather observation sites".
- ↑ "Chicagos Seasonal Snowfall Amounts". National Weather Service, Chicago, IL.
- ↑ "Chicago Weather: Snow falls on heels of record cold temperatures". February 2019.
- ↑ "Steam rises off Lake Michigan in Chicago on 2nd day of record-breaking cold". January 31, 2019.
- ↑ Jon Erdman (January 27, 2014). "America's 20 coldest major cities". The Weather Channel. Retrieved April 25, 2025.
- ↑ "The Warmth of Early November 2020 in Perspective".
- ↑ "Uncharted heat—July 1936—Chicago's "hidden heat wave"". July 18, 2021.
- ↑ "National Weather Service Climate". w2.weather.gov. National Weather Service. Archived from the original on November 10, 2018. Retrieved April 7, 2018.