Yanayin Cyprus
Cyprus tsibiri ne a Gabashin Gabashin Bahar Rum . Ita ce tsibirin na uku mafi girma a cikin Bahar Rum, bayan tsibirin Italiya na Sicily da Sardinia, kuma Tsibirin na 80 mafi girma a duniya ta yanki. Tana kudu da Yankin Anatolia, duk da haka tana cikin Cyprus Arc . [1] A fannin ƙasa, Cyprus tana cikin Yammacin Asiya, amma ana ɗaukar ƙasar a matsayin ƙasar Turai a fannin Yanayin siyasa.[2][3] Cyprus kuma tana da dogon lokaci na Girkanci da kuma Anatolian, Levantine, Byzantine, Ottoman, da tasirin Yammacin Turai.
Tsibirin ya mamaye tsaunuka biyu, tsaunukan Troodos da tsaunukan Kyrenia ko Pentadaktylos, da kuma tsakiya na tsakiya, Mesaoria, tsakanin su. Duwatsun Troodos sun rufe mafi yawan kudancin da yammacin tsibirin kuma suna da kusan rabin yankin.[4] Ƙananan Kyrenia Range ya shimfiɗa tare da iyakar arewa.[4] Ba ta da tsawo kamar tsaunukan Troodos, kuma tana da ƙasa da yanki.[4] Duwatsun biyu suna gudana a layi daya da Dutsen Taurus a kan ƙasar Turkiyya, wanda ke bayyane daga arewacin Cyprus.[4] Yankunan bakin teku, daban-daban a fadin, sun kewaye tsibirin.[4]
Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, tsibirin ya kasu kashi hudu. Jamhuriyar Cyprus, gwamnati daya tilo da duniya ta amince da ita, ta mamaye kudancin kashi 60% na tsibirin, kuma ta kasance mamba a kungiyar Tarayyar Turai tun daga ranar 1 ga Mayun 2004. Jamhuriyar Turkiyya ta Arewacin Cyprus, Turkiyya ce kawai ta amince da ita ta hanyar diflomasiyya; tana mulkin arewacin kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsibirin, kusan kashi 36% na ƙasar. Layin Koren da Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ke sarrafa shi yanki ne mai karewa wanda ya raba biyun kuma kusan kashi 4 ne. A ƙarshe, yankuna biyu - Akrotiri da Dhekelia - sun kasance ƙarƙashin ikon mallakar Birtaniyya don dalilai na soji, tare da samar da Sarakunan Base Areas na Akrotiri da Dhekelia (SBA). SBAs suna kan gabar tekun kudancin tsibirin kuma tare sun ƙunshi 254 km2, ko 2.8% na tsibirin..
Yankin
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Dutsen Troodos mai tsawo, wanda babban kewayon ya kai daga Pomos Point a arewa maso yamma kusan zuwa Larnaca Bay a gabas, shine mafi kyawun fasalin wuri mai faɗi. Hawan da ninkawa mai zurfi a cikin lokacin da aka tsara ya bar yankin ya ragargaje sosai, don haka ƙananan kewayon da spurs sun karkata a kusurwoyi da yawa, gangaren su sun shiga cikin kwari masu tsayi.[4] A kudu maso yamma, duwatsun suna sauka a cikin jerin tuddai masu tsayi zuwa filin bakin teku.[4]
Duk da yake tsaunukan Troodos tsaunuka ne da aka kafa da dutse mai narkewa, Kyrenia Range wani karamin dutse ne wanda ya tashi ba zato ba tsammani daga filayen. Yankin gabas ya zama jerin tuddai a kan Karpas Peninsula . [4] Wannan tsibirin yana nunawa ga Asia Minor, wanda Cyprus ke cikin yanayin ƙasa.[4] An kuma san Kyrenia Range da Dutsen Pentadactylon, saboda taron da ya yi kama da yatsunsu biyar.
Even the highest peaks of the Kyrenia Range are hardly more than half the height of the great dome of the Troodos massif, Mount Olympus (1,952 metres (6,404 ft)),[5] but their seemingly inaccessible, jagged slopes make them considerably more spectacular. British writer Lawrence Durrell, in Bitter Lemons, wrote of the Troodos as "an unlovely jumble of crags and heavyweight rocks" and of the Kyrenia Range as belonging to "the world of Gothic Europe, its lofty crags studded with crusader castles."[4]
An gano wadatattun ajiyar jan ƙarfe a zamanin d ̄ a kan gangaren Troodos . Babban ajiyar sulphide ya samo asali ne a matsayin wani ɓangare na hadaddun ophiolite a Cibiyar yadawa a ƙarƙashin Bahar Rum wanda aka ɗaga shi a lokacin Pleistocene kuma an sanya shi a wurin da yake yanzu.
Rashin ruwa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A yawancin tsibirin, samun damar samun ruwa a duk shekara yana da wahala. Wannan an danganta shi da al'ada ga sare daji wanda ya lalata tsarin ruwa na tsibirin ta hanyar rushewa, [4] amma Grove da Rackham sun yi tambaya game da wannan ra'ayi. [6] Cibiyar sadarwa ta koguna na hunturu ta tashi a cikin tsaunukan Troodos kuma tana gudana daga gare su a kowane bangare.[4] Kogin Yialias da Kogin Pedhieos suna gudana zuwa gabas a fadin Mesaoria zuwa Famagusta Bay; Kogin Serraghis yana gudana daga arewa maso yamma ta hanyar filin Morphou . [4] Dukkanin kogunan tsibirin, duk da haka, sun bushe a lokacin rani.[4] An gina babban tsarin madatsun ruwa da hanyoyin ruwa don kawo ruwa zuwa wuraren noma.[4]
Tsakiyar Mesaoria ita ce tsakiyar aikin gona na tsibirin, amma amfanin gona ga alkama da sha'ir ya dogara sosai da ruwan sama na hunturu; wasu amfanin gona suna girma a ƙarƙashin ban ruwa. Wannan fili mai faɗi, na tsakiya, wanda ke buɗewa zuwa teku a kowane ƙarshen, an taɓa rufe shi da gandun daji masu arziki. Koyaya, masu cin nasara na dā suna buƙatar katako don jiragen ruwa, don haka ƙananan shaidar gandun daji sun kasance.[4] Babban birnin tsibirin da aka raba yanzu, Nicosia, yana tsakiyar wannan fili na tsakiya.[4]
Shuke-shuke na halitta
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Duk da ƙananan girmanta, Cyprus tana da ciyayi iri-iri. Wannan ya haɗa da gandun daji na conifers da bishiyoyi masu faɗi irin su Pine (Pinus brutia), cedar, cypresses, da itacen oak. Mawallafa na da sun rubuta cewa yawancin Cyprus, har da Messaoria, suna da dazuzzuka masu yawa, kuma har yanzu akwai dazuzzuka masu yawa a kan jeri na Troodos da Kyrenia, da kuma a cikin gida a ƙasa. Kimanin kashi 12% na dukkan tsibiri an kasafta shi azaman tsibiri. Inda babu gandun daji, ana samun dogayen shrub al'ummomin itacen oak na zinariya (Quercus alnifolia), itacen strawberry (Arbutus andrachne), terebinth (Pistacia terebinthus), zaitun (Olea europaea), itacen oak (Quercus coccifera), da styrax (Styrax officinalis) ana samun su, amma irin waɗannan maquis ba a saba gani ba. A cikin mafi yawan tsibirin har zuwa ƙasa yana ɗauke da lullubin garrigue, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan ciyayi na Cistus, Genista sphacelata, Calicotome villosa, Lithospermum hispidulum, Phagnalon rupestre, da, a cikin gida, Pistacia lentiscus. Inda kiwo ya wuce gona da iri, wannan suturar za ta rage ba da daɗewa ba, kuma ta zama maras kyau ga wanka, wanda ya ƙunshi galibi na Thymus capitatus, Sarcopoterium spinosum, da ƴan ganyaye masu tsinke.
Yanayi
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Yanayin yanayi mai tsanani na Bahar Rum, mai dumi kuma mai bushewa, tare da ruwan sama galibi tsakanin Nuwamba da Maris, yana da fa'ida ga aikin gona. Gabaɗaya, tsibirin yana fuskantar hunturu mai laushi sosai da lokacin rani mai zafi.[4] Bambance-bambance a cikin zafin jiki da ruwan sama ana sarrafa su ta hanyar tsawo kuma, zuwa ƙarami, nesa daga bakin teku.[4] Lokacin zafi, lokacin rani mai bushe daga tsakiyar Mayu zuwa tsakiyar Satumba da ruwan sama, mafi sauyawa hunturu daga Nuwamba zuwa tsakiyar Maris an raba su da gajeren kaka da bazara.
Yankin da iyakoki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Area: Total: 9,251 km2 (of which 5,896 square kilometres (2,276 sq mi) are under the control of the Republic of Cyprus and of which 3,355 square kilometres (1,295 sq mi) are under the administration of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus) Land: 9,241 km2 Water: 10 km2
Yankin ƙasa: 0 km
Maritime claims: Territorial sea: 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) Continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation Exclusive Economic Zone: 98,707 square kilometres (38,111 sq mi)
Matsayi mai zurfi: Matsayi mafi ƙasƙanci: Bahar Rum 0 m Matsayi mafi girma: Olympus 1,952 m [5]
Amfani da albarkatu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Albarkatun halitta: jan ƙarfe, pyrite, asbestos, gypsum, katako, gishiri, marmara, launi na ƙasa
Amfani da ƙasa: ƙasa mai noma: 9.90% amfanin gona na dindindin: 3.24% wasu: 86.86% (2012)
Jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa: 0.78 km3 (2011)
Rashin ruwa mai laushi (na gida / masana'antu / aikin gona): jimillar:: 0.18 km3/shekara (10%/3%/86%) a kowace babban birnin: 164.7 m3/shekaru (2009)
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Administrative map of Cyprus -
Population map of the Republic of Cyprus -
Population density map of the Republic of Cyprus -
Municipalities and communities map of Cyprus -
District map of Cyprus -
Population distribution of Cyprus in 1960
Damuwa da muhalli
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Hadarin halitta: matsakaiciyar girgizar ƙasa; fari
Muhalli - batutuwan yanzu: matsalolin albarkatun ruwa (babu tafkin ruwa na halitta, bambancin yanayi a cikin ruwan sama, shigar da ruwan teku zuwa mafi girman tsibirin, karuwar gishiri a arewa); gurɓataccen ruwa daga datti da sharar masana'antu; lalacewar bakin teku; asarar wuraren namun daji daga birni.
Muhalli - yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa: jam'iyya zuwa: Rashin Ruwan iska, Rashin Ruwar Ruwa - Rashin Ru'ya ta Halitta, Biodiversity, Canjin Yanayi, Canjin yanayi- Yarjejeniyar Kyoto, Dabbobi masu haɗari, Canjin Muhalli, Rashin haɗari, Dokar Tekun, Ruwa da Ruwa, haramta gwajin nukiliya, Kare Yankin Ozone, Ruwa, Ruwa na Jirgin, amma ba a tabbatar da shi ba: babu wanda aka sanya hannu
- ↑ "Shimon Wdowinski: Research: Eastern Mediterranean". faculty.fiu.edu.
- ↑ "UNSD — Methodology". unstats.un.org.
- ↑ "Cyprus". Central Intelligence Agency. June 10, 2025 – via CIA.gov.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:0 - ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Country Profile: Climate". Official Website of the Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Washington D.C. Archived from the original on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2006-10-11. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Embassy climate" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ A.T. Grove, Oliver Rackham, The Nature of Mediterranean Europe: An Ecological History, Yale, 2001. ISBN 0-300-08443-9.