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Yanayin Hokkaido

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.

 

Tsibirin Hokkaidō yana arewacin Japan, kusa da Rasha (Sakhalin Oblast). Yana da bakin teku a kan Tekun Japan (zuwa yammacin tsibirin), Tekun Okhotsk (a arewa), da Tekun Pacific (zuwa gabas). Tsakiyar tsibirin tana da tsaunuka, tare da tudun dutse mai aman wuta. Hokkaidō yana da filaye da yawa kamar filin Ishikari mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 3,800 (sq mi), Tokachi Plain 3,600 murabba'in kilomita (1,400 sq mi), Filin Kushiro murabba'in murabba'in kilomita 2,510 (970 sq mi) (mafi girman filin jika a cikin murabba'in murabba'in Japan) (77 sq mi). Hokkaidō yana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 83,423.84 (32,210.12 sq mi) wanda ya mai da shi tsibiri na biyu mafi girma a Japan.

Tsugaru Strait ya raba Hokkaidō daga Honshu (Aomori Prefecture); La Pérouse Strait ya rabu da Hokkaidô daga tsibirin Sakhalin a Rasha; Nemuro Strait ya ware Hokkaidū daga Tsibirin Kunashir a cikin Tsibirin Kuril na Rasha.

Ikon gwamnati na Hokkaidō ya ƙunshi ƙananan tsibirai da yawa, gami da Rishiri, Tsibirin Okushiri, da Rebun. (Ta hanyar lissafin Jafananci, Hokkaidō kuma ya haɗa da yawancin Tsibirin Kuril.) Gundumar Hokkaidô ita ce mafi girma kuma mafi arewacin Yankin Japan. Tsibirin yana cikin matsayi na 21 a duniya ta yanki.

Muhalli

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tsire-tsire da dabbobi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Akwai mutane uku na Ussuri brown bear da aka samu a tsibirin. Akwai bears masu launin ruwan kasa a Hokkaidō fiye da ko'ina a Asiya ban da Rasha. An raba beyar launin ruwan kasa ta Hokkaidō zuwa asali uku daban-daban. Akwai zuriya takwas kawai a duniya.[1] Wadanda ke kan Honshu sun mutu tun da daɗewa.

Nau'in conifer na asali a arewacin Hokkaidō shine Sakhalin fir (Abies sachalinensis). Hakanan ana samun shuka mai fure Hydrangea hirta a tsibirin.

Ilimin ƙasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kamar yankuna da yawa na Japan, Hokkaidō yana da karfin girgizar ƙasa. Baya ga girgizar ƙasa da yawa, ana ɗaukar tsaunuka masu zuwa har yanzu suna aiki (akalla fashewa ɗaya tun 1850):

  • Hokkaido Koma-ga-take
  • Dutsen Usu da Shōwa-shinzan
  • Dutsen Tarumae
  • Dutsen Tokachi
  • Dutsen Meakan

A shekara ta 1993, girgizar kasa mai girman 7.7 ta haifar da Tsunami wanda ya lalata Okushiri, inda ya kashe mazauna 202. girgizar ƙasa mai girman 6.6.3.3 ta auku a kusa da tsibirin a ranar 26 ga Satumba, 2003. A ranar 6 ga Satumba, 2018, girgizar kasa mai girman 6.6 ta auku tare da cibiyarta kusa da birnin Tomakomai, wanda ya haifar da hasken wuta a duk tsibirin.[2]

A ranar 16 ga Mayu, 2021, girgizar kasa da ta auna 6.1 a kan sikelin Richter ta auku a yankin Hokkaidō na Japan.[3]

Gidajen shakatawa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

 

Gidan shakatawa na kasa
Gidan shakatawa na Shiretoko* Shahararren sani
Gidan shakatawa na Akan Mashu Rashin sanyi
Gidan shakatawa na Kushiro-shitsugen Ruwa mai laushi
Gidan shakatawa na Daisetsuzan Babban Dutsen雪
Gidan shakatawa na Shikotsu-Tōya Wannan shi ne abin da ya faru
Gidan shakatawa na Rishiri-Rebun-Sarobetsu Lokiyar da aka yi amfani da ita

* designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO on 2005-07-14.

Gidajen shakatawa na kasa (gidan shakatawa na ƙasa)
Gidan shakatawa na Abashiri Gudun yanar gizo
Hidaka-sanmyaku Erimo Quasi-National Park Rana tsaunuka masu faɗakarwa
Niseko-Shakotan-Otaru Kaigan Kusan Gidan shakatawa na Kasa Ya yi amfani da shi a matsayin mai suna "shirin"
Gidan shakatawa na Ōnuma Babban沼
Shokanbetsu-Teuri-Yagishiri Kusan Gidan shakatawa na Kasa Rashin sanyi na yau da kullun
  • Overview of Kushiro Wetland
    Overview of Kushiro Wetland
  • Lake Akan and Mount Meakan
    Lake Akan and Mount Meakan
  • View of Lake Mashū
    View of Lake Mashū
  • Lake Shikotsu
    Lake Shikotsu
  • Sōunkyō, a gorge in the Daisetsu-zan Volcanic Area
    Sōunkyō, a gorge in the Daisetsu-zan Volcanic Area
  • Gidajen shakatawa na halitta goma sha biyu (道立自然 park). Gidan shakatawa na gundumar ya rufe hekta 146,802, mafi girman yanki na kowane gundumar.[4] Gidan shakatawa na Akkeshi Gidan shakata na Esan Gidan shakaka na Furano-Ashibetsu Gidan shakataw na Hiyama Gidan shakampiw na Kariba-Motta Gidan shakay na Matsumae-Yagoshi Gidan shakayam na Arewacin Okhotsk Gidan shakamp na Nopporo Shinrin Kōen Gidan shakakw na Notsuke-Fūren Gidan shakatam na Shumarinai Gidan shak shakatawa na Prefectural Gidan shakam na Teshiodake 
    • Gidan shakatawa na Akkeshi
    • Gidan shakatawa na Esan
    • Gidan shakatawa na Furano-Ashibetsu
    • Gidan shakatawa na Hiyama Prefectural
    • Gidan shakatawa na Kariba-Motta
    • Matsumae-Yagoshi Prefectural Natural Park
    • Gidan shakatawa na Arewacin Okhotsk
    • Gidan shakatawa na Nopporo Shinrin Kōen
    • Gidan shakatawa na Notsuke-Fūren
    • Gidan shakatawa na Sharidake Prefectural
    • Gidan shakatawa na Shumarinai
    • Gidan shakatawa na Teshiodake Prefectural
Yankunan ruwa na Ramsar
since
Yankin Ruwa na Kushiro Ruwa mai laushi 1980-06-17
Tafkin Kutcharo クッチャロ tafki 1989-07-06
Tafkin Utonai Aurora da kuma tafkin 1991-12-12
Yankin Kiritappu Rashin da yawa da aka yi amfani da shi 1993-06-10
Tafkin Akkeshi, Bekkanbeushi WetlandYankin Bekkanbeushi Wetland Ruwa mai zurfi・別寒辺湿原 1993-06-10,
enlarged 2005-11-08
Miyajima Marsh 宮島沼 2002-11-18
Yankin Ruwa na Uryūnuma 雨竜沼湿原 2005-11-08
Filin Sarobetsu Rauna da Rauna
Tafkin Tōfutsu Ruwa mai tafki
Tafkin Akan Tafkin Akiri
Yankin Notsuke, Notsuke Bay 野付半島・野付灣Bayar da Bayar da
Tafkin Fūren, Shunkunitai Ruwa na Ruwa na YanuwaRanar da shekara

Ƙananan yankuna

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Taswirar Hokkaido da ke nuna yankuna da manyan biranen

Ya zuwa watan Afrilu na shekara ta , Hokkaidō tana da manyan ofisoshin Subprefectural guda tara da kuma ofisoshin subprefectural biyar. Hokkaidō na ɗaya daga cikin yankuna takwas a Japan waɗanda ke da ƙananan yankuna (支庁 shichō). Koyaya, ita ce kawai ɗaya daga cikin takwas da ke da irin waɗannan ofisoshin da ke rufe duk yankinta a waje da manyan biranen (maimakon samun su kawai don tsibirai masu nisa ko yankuna masu nisa). Wannan galibi saboda girmansa ne; sassa da yawa na gundumar suna da nisa sosai don Sapporo ya gudanar da su yadda ya kamata. Ofisoshin subprefectural a Hokkaidō suna gudanar da yawancin ayyukan da ofisoshin prefectural ke cikawa a wasu wurare a Japan.

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Yankin Jafananci Babban birni Babban gari Pop. (As of 2009[sabuntawa])
Yankin (km2)
Manyan hukumomi
1 Sorachi 空知総合振興局 Iwamizawa Iwamizawa 338,485 5,791.19 Birane 10 Garin 14
a Sashin Ishikari 石狩振興局 Sapporo Sapporo 2,324,878 3,539.86 Biranen 6 1 gari 1 ƙauye
2 Shiribeshi 後志総合振興局 Kutchan Otaru 234,984 4,305.83 1 birni Garuruwa 13 Garin 6
3 Iburi 胆振総合振興局 Muroran Tomakomai 419,115 3,698.00 Birane 4 Garuruwa 7
b Hidaka 日高振興局 Urakawa Shinhidaka 76,084 4,811.97 Garuruwa 7
4 Oshima 渡島総合振興局 Hakodate Hakodate 433,475 3,936.46 Birane 2 Garuruwa 9
c Sanya Hiyama 檜山振興局 Esashi Setana 43,210 2,629.94 Garuruwa 7
5 Kamikawa 上川総合振興局 Asahikawa Asahikawa 527,575 10,619.20 Birane 4 Garuruwa 17 Ƙauyuka 2
d RuwaRumoi 留萌振興局 Rumoi Rumoi 53,916 3,445.75 1 birni Garuruwa 6 1 ƙauye
6 Sōya 宗谷総合振興局 Wakkanai Wakkanai 71,423 4,625.09 1 birni Garuruwa 8 1 ƙauye
7 Okhotsk オホーツク総合振興局 Abashiri Kitami 309,487 10,690.62 Birane 3 Garin 14 1 ƙauye
8 Tokachi 十勝総合振興局 Obihiro Obihiro 353,291 10,831.24 1 birni Garuruwa 16 Ƙauyuka 2
9 Kushiro 釧路総合振興局 Kushiro Kushiro 252,571 5,997.38 1 birni Garuruwa 6 1 ƙauye
da kuma Nemuro 根室振興局 Nemuro Nemuro 84,035 3,406.23 1 birni Garuruwa 4
*
* Japan ta yi ikirarin kudancin Tsibirin Kuril (Yankin Arewa), wanda a halin yanzu Rasha ke gudanarwa, wanda ke cikin yankin Nemuro wanda aka raba zuwa ƙauyuka shida. Koyaya, teburin da ke sama ya cire bayanan waɗannan tsibirai.

Yanayi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hoton tauraron dan adam na Hokkaidō a cikin hunturu
Hokkaido a cikin hunturu da rani

A matsayin yanki mafi sanyi na Japan, Hokkaidō yana da sanyin lokacin rani da lokacin sanyi / dusar ƙanƙara. Yawancin tsibirin sun faɗi a cikin yanayin yanayi na yanayi mai ɗanɗano tare da Köppen yanayin rarrabuwa Dfb (hemiboreal) a yawancin yankuna amma Dfa (nauyin zafi mai zafi na nahiyar) a cikin wasu wurare na cikin ƙasa. Matsakaicin yanayin zafi na watan Agusta yana daga 17 zuwa 22 °C (62.6 zuwa 71.6 °F), yayin da matsakaicin zafin watan Janairu ke tashi daga -12 zuwa −4 °C (10.4 zuwa 24.8 °F), a cikin yanayi biyun ya danganta da tsayi da nisa daga teku, kodayake yanayin zafi a gefen yamma na tsibiri mai dumi yakan zama kadan. Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka taɓa samu shine 39.5 °C (103.1 °F) akan 26 ga Mayu 2019..

Yankin arewacin Hokkaidō ya faɗi cikin taiga biome[1] tare da babban dusar ƙanƙara. Dusar ƙanƙara ta bambanta da nisan mita 11 (400 in) akan tsaunukan da ke kusa da Tekun Japan zuwa kusan mita 1.8 (inci 71) a gabar tekun Pacific. Tsibirin na da son samun keɓancewar dusar ƙanƙara da ke tasowa da dusar ƙanƙara mai dorewa. Jimlar hazo ya bambanta daga milimita 1,600 (63 in) akan tsaunukan Tekun Japan zuwa kusan milimita 800 (31 in) (mafi ƙasƙanci a Japan) akan Tekun Okhotsk da ƙananan wurare da kuma kusan milimita 1,100 (43 in) a gefen Pacific. Gabaɗaya babban ingancin dusar ƙanƙara da tsaunuka masu yawa a cikin Hokkaidō sun sa ya zama yanki mai shahara don wasannin dusar ƙanƙara. Dusar kankara tana farawa da gaske a cikin Nuwamba kuma wuraren shakatawa (kamar waɗanda ke Niseko, Furano, Teine da Rusutsu) galibi suna aiki tsakanin Disamba da Afrilu. Hokkaidō yana murna da yanayin hunturu a Sapporo Snow Festival. Snow .

A lokacin hunturu, wucewa ta Tekun Okhotsk sau da yawa yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar manyan kankara. Haɗe da manyan iskõki da ke faruwa a lokacin hunturu, wannan sau da yawa yana kawo tafiye-tafiye na iska da ayyukan teku zuwa tsayawa bayan arewacin gabar Hokkaidō. Tashoshin jiragen ruwa a kan bude Tekun Pacific da Tekun Japan gabaɗaya ba su da kankara a duk shekara, kodayake yawancin koguna suna daskarewa a lokacin hunturu.

Ba kamar sauran manyan tsibirai na Japan ba, Hokkaidō yawanci ba ya shafar lokacin ruwan sama na Mayu-Yuni da rashin zafi na dangi kuma yawanci dumi, maimakon zafi, yanayin bazara ya sa yanayin ya zama abin jan hankali ga masu yawon bude ido daga wasu sassan Japan.

Bayanan yanayi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

 

Monthly average highs and lows for various cities and towns in Hokkaido in Celsius and Fahrenheit
City Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Sapporo −0.4 / −6.4 °C (31.3 / 20.5 °F)
 0.4 / −6.2 °C (32.7 / 20.8 °F)
 4.5 / −2.4 °C (40.1 / 27.7 °F)
 11.7 / 3.4 °C (53.1 / 38.1 °F)
 17.9 / 9.0 °C (64.2 / 48.2 °F)
 21.8 / 13.4 °C (71.2 / 56.1 °F)
 25.4 / 17.9 °C (77.7 / 64.2 °F)
 26.4 / 19.1 °C (79.5 / 66.4 °F)
 22.8 / 14.8 °C (73.0 / 58.6 °F)
 16.4 / 8.0 °C (61.5 / 46.4 °F)
 8.7 / 1.6 °C (47.7 / 34.9 °F)
 2.0 / −4.0 °C (35.6 / 24.8 °F)
Hakodate 0.9 / −6.0 °C (33.6 / 21.2 °F)
 1.8 / −5.7 °C (35.2 / 21.7 °F)
 5.8 / −2.2 °C (42.4 / 28.0 °F)
 12.0 / 2.8 °C (53.6 / 37.0 °F)
 17.0 / 8.0 °C (62.6 / 46.4 °F)
 20.4 / 12.6 °C (68.7 / 54.7 °F)
 24.1 / 17.3 °C (75.4 / 63.1 °F)
 25.9 / 18.9 °C (78.6 / 66.0 °F)
 23.2 / 14.6 °C (73.8 / 58.3 °F)
 17.1 / 7.8 °C (62.8 / 46.0 °F)
 10.0 / 1.8 °C (50.0 / 35.2 °F)
 3.2 / −3.6 °C (37.8 / 25.5 °F)
Asahikawa −3.3 / −11.7 °C (26.1 / 10.9 °F)
 −1.7 / −11.8 °C (28.9 / 10.8 °F)
 3.0 / −6.1 °C (37.4 / 21.0 °F)
 11.2 / 0.2 °C (52.2 / 32.4 °F)
 18.8 / 6.1 °C (65.8 / 43.0 °F)
 22.8 / 12.0 °C (73.0 / 53.6 °F)
 26.2 / 16.4 °C (79.2 / 61.5 °F)
 26.6 / 16.9 °C (79.9 / 62.4 °F)
 21.9 / 11.7 °C (71.4 / 53.1 °F)
 14.9 / 4.4 °C (58.8 / 39.9 °F)
 6.2 / −1.5 °C (43.2 / 29.3 °F)
 −0.8 / −8.0 °C (30.6 / 17.6 °F)
Kushiro −0.2 / −9.8 °C (31.6 / 14.4 °F)
 −0.1 / −9.4 °C (31.8 / 15.1 °F)
 3.3 / −4.2 °C (37.9 / 24.4 °F)
 8.0 / 0.7 °C (46.4 / 33.3 °F)
 12.6 / 5.4 °C (54.7 / 41.7 °F)
 15.8 / 9.5 °C (60.4 / 49.1 °F)
 19.6 / 13.6 °C (67.3 / 56.5 °F)
 21.5 / 15.7 °C (70.7 / 60.3 °F)
 20.1 / 12.9 °C (68.2 / 55.2 °F)
 15.1 / 6.1 °C (59.2 / 43.0 °F)
 8.9 / −0.3 °C (48.0 / 31.5 °F)
 2.5 / −7.0 °C (36.5 / 19.4 °F)
Wakkanai −2.4 / −6.4 °C (27.7 / 20.5 °F)
 −2.0 / −6.7 °C (28.4 / 19.9 °F)
 1.6 / −3.1 °C (34.9 / 26.4 °F)
 7.4 / 1.8 °C (45.3 / 35.2 °F)
 12.4 / 6.3 °C (54.3 / 43.3 °F)
 16.1 / 10.4 °C (61.0 / 50.7 °F)
 20.1 / 14.9 °C (68.2 / 58.8 °F)
 22.3 / 17.2 °C (72.1 / 63.0 °F)
 20.1 / 14.4 °C (68.2 / 57.9 °F)
 14.1 / 8.4 °C (57.4 / 47.1 °F)
 6.3 / 1.3 °C (43.3 / 34.3 °F)
 0.0 / −4.2 °C (32.0 / 24.4 °F)
Rikubetsu −2.5 / −19.6 °C (27.5 / −3.3 °F)
 −1.4 / −18.8 °C (29.5 / −1.8 °F)
 3.2 / −10.6 °C (37.8 / 12.9 °F)
 10.5 / −2.5 °C (50.9 / 27.5 °F)
 17.1 / 3.4 °C (62.8 / 38.1 °F)
 20.6 / 9.1 °C (69.1 / 48.4 °F)
 23.7 / 14.0 °C (74.7 / 57.2 °F)
 24.4 / 15.0 °C (75.9 / 59.0 °F)
 20.8 / 9.8 °C (69.4 / 49.6 °F)
 14.7 / 1.8 °C (58.5 / 35.2 °F)
 7.1 / −5.3 °C (44.8 / 22.5 °F)
 −0.2 / −14.9 °C (31.6 / 5.2 °F)
Saroma −2.6 / −15.6 °C (27.3 / 3.9 °F)
 −2.2 / −16.3 °C (28.0 / 2.7 °F)
 2.5 / −9.5 °C (36.5 / 14.9 °F)
 10.2 / −1.8 °C (50.4 / 28.8 °F)
 16.9 / 3.8 °C (62.4 / 38.8 °F)
 20.2 / 8.9 °C (68.4 / 48.0 °F)
 23.9 / 13.6 °C (75.0 / 56.5 °F)
 24.9 / 14.8 °C (76.8 / 58.6 °F)
 21.6 / 10.1 °C (70.9 / 50.2 °F)
 15.3 / 2.9 °C (59.5 / 37.2 °F)
 7.5 / −3.2 °C (45.5 / 26.2 °F)
 0.1 / −11.7 °C (32.2 / 10.9 °F)
Okushiri 1.6 / −2.4 °C (34.9 / 27.7 °F)
 1.9 / −2.2 °C (35.4 / 28.0 °F)
 5.3 / 0.7 °C (41.5 / 33.3 °F)
 10.0 / 5.0 °C (50.0 / 41.0 °F)
 14.6 / 9.3 °C (58.3 / 48.7 °F)
 19.0 / 13.6 °C (66.2 / 56.5 °F)
 22.9 / 17.9 °C (73.2 / 64.2 °F)
 25.4 / 20.1 °C (77.7 / 68.2 °F)
 22.6 / 17.5 °C (72.7 / 63.5 °F)
 16.6 / 11.8 °C (61.9 / 53.2 °F)
 10.0 / 5.1 °C (50.0 / 41.2 °F)
 3.9 / −0.5 °C (39.0 / 31.1 °F)
Erimo 0.2 / −4.0 °C (32.4 / 24.8 °F)
 −0.2 / −4.3 °C (31.6 / 24.3 °F)
 2.2 / −1.9 °C (36.0 / 28.6 °F)
 6.1 / 1.3 °C (43.0 / 34.3 °F)
 10.1 / 5.0 °C (50.2 / 41.0 °F)
 13.6 / 9.0 °C (56.5 / 48.2 °F)
 17.5 / 13.4 °C (63.5 / 56.1 °F)
 19.9 / 15.8 °C (67.8 / 60.4 °F)
 19.0 / 14.9 °C (66.2 / 58.8 °F)
 14.7 / 10.2 °C (58.5 / 50.4 °F)
 9.3 / 4.2 °C (48.7 / 39.6 °F)
 3.3 / −1.3 °C (37.9 / 29.7 °F)

Hotuna

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  • Lake Tōya, a volcanic caldera lake
    Lake Tōya, a volcanic caldera lake
  • Hokkaido seen from the International Space Station
    Hokkaido seen from the International Space Station
  • Shiretoko Goko Lakes in the town of Shari, Okhotsk Subprefecture, Hokkaidō
    Shiretoko Goko Lakes in the town of Shari, Okhotsk Subprefecture, Hokkaidō
  • The Oyashio Current colliding with the Kuroshio Current off the coast of Hokkaido. When two currents collide, they create eddies. Phytoplankton growing in the surface waters become concentrated along the boundaries of these eddies, tracing out the motions of the water.
    The Oyashio Current colliding with the Kuroshio Current off the coast of Hokkaido. When two currents collide, they create eddies. Phytoplankton growing in the surface waters become concentrated along the boundaries of these eddies, tracing out the motions of the water.
  1. ↑ Hirata, Daisuke; et al. (2013). "Molecular Phylogeography of the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) in Northeastern Asia Based on Analyses of Complete Mitochondrial DNA Sequences". Mol Biol Evol. 30 (7): 1644–1652. doi:10.1093/molbev/mst077. PMID 23619144.
  2. ↑ "M 6.6 - 27km E of Tomakomai, Japan". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on 6 September 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2018.
  3. ↑ "Earthquake ALERT! 6.1-magnitude quake strikes this country". Zee Business. 2021-05-16. Archived from the original on 2021-05-16. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  4. ↑ "General overview of area figures for Natural Parks by prefecture" (PDF). Ministry of the Environment Japan. 31 March 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-04-21. Retrieved 2009-06-02.
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