Yanayin Hyderabad
Hyderabad tana cikin tsakiyar Telangana kuma tana warwatse a kan yanki na 2,500 km2. Birnin yana cikin Deccan Plateau kuma ya tashi zuwa matsakaicin tsawo na 536 m sama da matakin teku. Birnin yana a 17.366 ° N latitude da 78.476 ° E longitude.
Hyderabad tana da albarka da wuri mai faɗi na musamman - dutsen da ke da shekaru miliyan 2,500; daga cikin tsofaffi da mafi wuya a duniya. Yankunan dutse da tsaunuka da ke kewaye da birnin suna ƙarƙashin lalacewa don birni. Dutsen dutse da tuddai da aka yi amfani da su a cikin siffofin daidaitawa masu kyau wani bangare ne na yankin Deccan Shield. Grey da Pink Granites suna daga cikin tsofaffin duniya. Ana yawan shuka amfanin gona a cikin gonakin paddy da ke kewaye. Nau'in ƙasa na birnin galibi ja ne tare da yankunan baƙar fata. Hyderabad ya fada cikin yankin girgizar ƙasa-II [1] kuma ba a fallasa girgizar kasa ba.
Matsayi mafi girma a cikin birni shine Banjara Hills . Matakin yana fadowa sannu a hankali daga yamma zuwa gabas yana haifar da kusan rami kusa da Kogin Musi wanda ke gudana ta cikin birni. Wannan fasalin halitta ya sauƙaƙa samar da ruwa ta hanyar nauyi. Hawan cikin birni ya bambanta tsakanin 672 m a Banjara Hills da 456 m a Old City. Garuruwan tauraron dan adam na Kudancin Kudancin kamar Shadnagar suna da matsakaicin tsawo na kimanin 650 m daidai.
An kafa asalin birnin Hyderabad a bakin kogin Musi kuma ya girma tsawon ƙarni a bangarorin biyu na kogin. Yanzu an san shi da tarihin "Tsohon Birni", gidan Charminar da Masjid Makka, yana kan kudancin kogin. Cibiyar birni ta ga canji zuwa arewacin kogi, tare da gina gine-ginen gwamnati da yawa da wuraren tarihi. Hyderabad da Secunderabad ana kiransu 'birane biyu' saboda suna da alaƙa da juna. Wani mutum ya yi tafki, wanda aka fi sani da Hussain Sagar Lake, ya raba biranen biyu. Saurin ci gaban birnin, tare da ci gaban Secunderabad da yankunan da ke kusa da shi ya haifar da babban birni mai yawan jama'a.
Kogin Musi ya samo asali ne daga tsaunukan Anantagiri (wanda ke da nisan kilomita 70 kudu maso yammacin Hyderabad) kuma ya haɗu da Kogin Krishna kusa da Wazirabad a gundumar Nalgonda . Akwai madatsun ruwa guda biyu da aka gina a kanta - Osman Sagar da Himayat Sagar . Dukkanin wadannan tafkuna sune manyan hanyoyin ruwa na sha ga birnin Hyderabad. Wadannan madatsun ruwa sun kuma hana birnin ambaliyar da ta gamu har zuwa farkon shekarun karni na 20. An kira Kogin Musi Kogin Muchukunda a kwanakin da ba a san su ba. Wasu gadoji sun haye kogi; mafi tsufa, wanda ake kira "Purana Pul" (a zahiri ma'anar tsohuwar gada) an gina shi a cikin karni na 16 ta Qutb Shahi sultans na Golconda.
A yau, saboda rashin nuna bambanci da rashin tsarawa, kogin ya zama wurin karɓar duk ruwan da ba a kula da shi ba da kuma masana'antu da ke fitowa daga Hyderabad kuma saboda haka ya gurɓata. Kokarin tsaftace shi da yawa sun gaza. Ruwan kogin da ke ƙasa zuwa birni ya gurɓata sosai. Al'adun Telangana sun haɗu da al'adun Kudancin Indiya da Farisa waɗanda aka haɗa su a lokacin Mughal da Nizam.
Yanayin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Hyderabad, the capital of Indian state of Telangana, is located in the central part of the Telangana. Geographically the city is located in the northern part of Deccan plateau, in Southern India on the banks of Musi River.[2][3] The modern Hyderabad is spread over an area of 1,005 square kilometres (388 sq mi), making it one of the largest metros in India.[2] The predominant topography of the city is sloping rocky terrain of grey and pink granites. Some locations with higher altitude are scattered throughout, giving rise to the appearance of several small hillocks. Hyderabad has an average altitude of about 1,778 feet (542 m) above mean sea Level (MSL), while the highest point in the city is Banjara Hills at 2,206 feet (672 m).[3][4] The city houses multiple lakes and large water tanks. The lakes in the city are often referred to as sagar which means sea. The Hussain Sagar lake, built in 1562, is located at the heart of the city. The Osman Sagar and Himayat Sagar are two artificial lakes created as a result of dams on Musi River.[3][5] the Hyderabad houses 140 large and small size lakes in and around its neighborhood and As of 1996, there are 834 water tanks of below the size of 10 hectare.[6]
Makwabta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Garin tarihi wanda Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah ya kafa, a kan kudancin Kogin Musi ya wanzu a matsayin Tsohon Birni, yayin da Sabon Birni ya ƙunshi Yaduwar birane da yawa a arewacin kogin Mushi. Tsohon da Sabbin birane suna haɗuwa da gadoji da yawa a kan kogi, tare da gadar Purana pul ita ce mafi tsufa. Hyderabad tana da tagwaye da makwabciyar Secunderabad wacce aka raba ta hanyar tafkin Hussain Sagar. Dukansu tagwayen sun zo ne a ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar birni guda ɗaya na Greater Hyderabad.[3][7] Birnin da aka rushe na Golconda da Karwan a kudu da Yammacin birnin sune farkon zama a Hyderabad .
Tsakiyar Hyderabad ta bunkasa a zamanin Nizam tun daga karni na 18 shine babban jigon birnin da kogin Musi ya raba, Kudanci kogin Musi a tsakiyar Hyderabad yana dauke da mafi yawan wuraren shakatawa na tarihi kamar; The Charminar, Makka Masjid, Salarjung Museum, Nizam ta gidan kayan gargajiya, Babban Kotun Shari'a a Hyderabad, Falaknuma Palace, Chowmahalla Palace, Purani Haveli Palace da Mahbub mansion, gargajiya retail corridor-(Laad Bazaar, Lu'u-lu'u Market da Madina da'irar) da kuma Mahatma Gandhi Bus Raological Station, Hyde.hrabad. Arewacin kogin Musi a tsakiyar Hyderabad yana dauke da; Babban Asibitin Osmania, Babban Laburare na Jiha, Hyderabad, Kwalejin Kiwon Lafiya ta Osmania da Kwalejin Mata (tsohon mazaunin Burtaniya), tashar jirgin kasa ta Hyderabad da tashar jirgin kasa ta Kachiguda tare da na CBD kamar; Begum Bazaar, Koti, Osman Gunj, Abids, Sultan Bazaar, Moazzam Jahi Market, Bank Street, Troop Bazaar (tsohon Barracks na Faransa) da wuraren zama na kasuwanci kamar; Fadar Sarki Kothi, Fadar Basheer Bagh, Himayatnagar, Babban Bankin Indiya, Sakatariyar Telangana, Majalisar Dokokin Gwamnatin Indiya, Hyderabad, Majalisar Dokokin Telangana, Lambun Jama'a, Masallacin Shahi, Kulob na Nizam, Ravindra Bharathi, gidan kayan gargajiya na Jiha, Ofishin Kwamishinan 'yan sanda, Temple Birla, Birla Planetarium.
A Arewacin tsakiyar Hyderabad akwai Tafkin Hussain Sagar, tare da Tank Bund Road, Rani Gunj da Secunderabad Railway Station. Yawancin wuraren shakatawa, Jirgin ruwa da wuraren shakatawa suna kusa da Tafkin Hussain Sagar kamar; Aljanna ta Jama'a, Birla planetarium, Necklace Road, Sanjeevaiah Park, Indira Park, Lumbini Park, NTR Gardens, Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na IMAX, Snow World, Buddha purnima da Tankbund Park.[8]
Yankunan Yamma da Kudu maso Yamma sun yi girma cikin sauri a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata da gidaje, HITEC City, Genome Valley, Hyderabad Airport, ICRISAT, Toli chowki, Mehdi patnam, Gachibowli, Golconda Fort, Qutb Shahi Tombs, Osman sagar, Himayath sagar, Miyapur, Madhapur da Jubilee Park da Film Nagar Hills, National K.BR. Zuwa gidajen Arewa maso Yamma galibin manyan wuraren zama kamar Banjara Hills, Jubilee Hills, Raj Bhavan, Somajiguda, Begumpet da Khairatabad. Ƙarshen Arewa yana da wuraren masana'antu kamar Sanathnagar, Moosapet, Balanagar, Pathan Cheru, BHEL garin da Chanda Nagar waɗanda ke da wuraren zama kamar Kukatpally, Lingampally da Nizampet.
A gabashin birnin akwai Ramoji Film City, kuma mafi yawan ƙauyuka a nan an haɓaka su tun bayan 1969 ta bakin haure na Mutanen Telugu; waɗanda ke da wuraren kamar Dilsukhnagar, Kothapet, Vanasthalipuram, LB Nagar, Hayath nagar, Ibrahim patnam da yawancin Cibiyoyin bincike na tsaro suna gabashin Hyderabad.
Yankin arewa maso gabashin birNIN yana da mazauna mazauna musamman ga ma'aikatan soja da suka yi ritaya da ma'aikatan Gwamnatin Tsakiya saboda kasancewar cibiyoyin ƙasa da yawa kamar ECIL, NFC, Cibiyar Fasahar Kimiyya ta Indiya, NGRI da NIN. Makwabta sun hada da Malkajgiri, Sainikpuri, Neredmet,A. S. Rao Nagar, Tarnaka, Jami'ar Osmania, Habsiguda, Marredpally, Bowenpally, Trimulgherry, Secunderabad Cantonment da Uppal.
Gundumomin masana'antu guda uku na birnin suna cikin Chandulal Bhardari (Kudanci), Sanathnagar (Arewanci) da Azamabad (Arewa). [3] Yankunan masana'antu na Hyderabad sune; Ghatkesar, Hayathnagar, Dundigal, Shamirpet, Shamshabad da Narsingi. Birnin yana da wuraren ajiya a Musheerabad (Arewa), Kachiguda (Tsakiya) da Sanathnagar (Arewa). Muhimman kasuwannin kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itace suna cikin Kasuwar Monda, Madannapet, Kasuwar furanni ta Jambagh, Bharat Nagar, Mir Alam mandi, Gaddiannaram da Gudimalkapur. Raitu Bazar da ke cikin sassa daban-daban na tsakiyar birni sune ƙananan kasuwannin kayan lambu da GHMC ke sarrafawa. Kasuwancin Kifi suna cikin Secunderabad, Begum bazaar, Puranapul, Mangalghat da MJMarket. [3] Birnin yana da gidajen yanka guda biyar da ke Ziaguda, Gowlipura, Ramnasthpura, Amberpet da Bhoiguda. Gidan yanka na zamani a Chengicherla a cikin unguwar birnin.
Yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]| Hyderabad Period: 1951–2000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hyderabad tana da haɗuwa ta musamman na yanayin zafi da bushe wanda ke kan iyaka da yanayin zafi mai zafi (Köppen climate classification BSh).
Yanayin Hyderabad ya kasance mai dumi sosai a yawancin sassan shekara kuma baya samun ruwan sama da yawa a cikin damina. Da farkon lokacin sanyi a yankin Arewa da tsakiyar Indiya, yanayin zafi ya ragu kaɗan a watannin Disamba da Janairu kuma dare ya yi sanyi sosai a ciki da wajen birnin Hyderabad. A cikin watannin rani, mercury yana kaiwa sama da 42 °C yayin da a lokacin sanyi mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na iya saukowa ƙasa da 12 °C. Yuni zuwa Nuwamba watanni ne na damina, tare da ruwan sama. A lokacin damina kuma yanayin zafi yana raguwa a wasu lokuta. Don haka, ga mafi yawan sassan shekara yanayi da yanayin Hyderabad suna kasancewa cikin matsakaicin matsakaici kuma zaku iya ziyartar garin Hyderabad kowane lokaci a cikin shekara amma mafi kyawun lokacin ziyartar Hyderabad shine tsakanin Oktoba-Fabrairu.
Yanayin zafi na tsaunuka ya mamaye Hyderabad. Gundumar Telangana inda Hyderabad ke ciki ita ce mafi zafi a jihar a lokacin rani kuma mafi sanyi a cikin hunturu. Matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun ya bambanta daga 30 ° C zuwa 36 ° C daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni kuma daga 20 ° C zuwa 24 ° C a cikin watanni na Disamba da Janairu.
Matsakaicin matsakaicin zafin jiki yana tsakanin 39 ° C da 43 ° C a watan Mayu. Bayan janyewar ruwan sama, matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki ya tashi dan kadan saboda karuwar rufi.
Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 13 ° C zuwa 17 ° C a watan Disamba da Janairu, amma ya tashi zuwa 26 ° C zuwa 29 ° C a cikin Mayu. Matsakaicin yawan zafin jiki ya faɗi da sauri bayan Oktoba, kuma an rubuta ƙasa da 10 ° C a kwanakin mutum.
Yanayin yana da kyau daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu. Watanni na rani na Afrilu da Mayu ba su da kwanciyar hankali saboda zafi mai tsanani. Lokacin daga Yuli zuwa Satumba yana da dumi, mai laushi kuma ba shi da kyau
Fiye da kashi 75 cikin dari na ruwan sama ana karɓa a lokacin kudu maso yammacin ruwan sama, watau, daga Yuni zuwa Satumba, Yuli shine watan da ruwan sama ya yi. Satumba shine watan, lokacin da akwai ruwan sama. Yankin kudu maso yamma ya fara ne a ranar 7 ga Yuni. Zuwansa kwatsam ne kuma ruwan sama yana ƙaruwa daga ƙasa da kashi 5 cikin dari (na shekara-shekara) a watan Mayu zuwa kashi 15 cikin dari a watan Yuni.
Rashin zafi
Rashin zafi a lokacin ruwan sama yana da yawa fiye da 75% daga Yuli zuwa Satumba. A cikin watanni masu bushewa na Maris, Afrilu da Mayu, danshi yana da ƙarancin gaske tare da matsakaicin 25 zuwa 30%.
Rashin hazo
Yuni zuwa Oktoba shine lokacin da fiye da rabin sararin sama ya rufe da girgije, yayin da kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na sararin sama kawai ya rufe daga Janairu zuwa Maris. Rabin kwanaki a watan Yuli da Agusta sun rufe sararin samaniya. Kimanin kwanaki 10 zuwa 13 a cikin watanni na Janairu, Fabrairu da Maris, sararin samaniya ba shi da girgije a yanayi mai kyau.
Karin zafin jiki na baya-bayan nan
A cewar Ma'aikatar Kula da Yanayi ta Indiya, watanni na rani na Afrilu da Mayu 2009 sun rubuta yanayin zafi mafi zafi tun 1901, tare da matsakaicin yanayin zafi da ke motsawa akai-akai a kusa da 42 ° C tare da matsakaiciyar zafin jiki da ke taɓa 45 ° C.
- ↑ "Indian standards on earthquake engineering". BIS. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
- 1 2 "Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation". Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Physical Feature" (PDF). AP Government. 2002. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 April 2012. Retrieved 4 April 2012.
- ↑ "Hyderabad Geography". JNTU. Retrieved 4 May 2012.
- ↑ "Water sources and water supply" (PDF). rainwaterharvesting.org. 2005. p. 2. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
- ↑ Sreoshi Singh (2010). "Water Security in Peri-Urban South Asia" (PDF). SaciWATERs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2012.
- ↑ "Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation". Archived from the original on 1 January 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2011.
- ↑ Mohan Kodarkar. "Implementing the Ecosystem Approach to Preserve the Ecological Integrity of Urban Lakes: The Case of Lake Hussainsagar, Hyderabad, India" (PDF). Ecosystem Approach for Conservation of Lake Hussainsagar. International Lake Environment Committee Foundation. p. 3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 11 June 2012.