Yanayin Istanbul
 Yanayin Istanbul | |
|---|---|
climate of geographic location (en)  | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Fuskar | yanayi |
Yanayin Istanbul, wanda aka keɓance daban-daban kamar Rum, teku, ko yanayi na tsaka-tsaki tsakanin su biyun, yana da yanayi mai sanyi, da sanyi, akai-akai, damina mai dusar ƙanƙara, da dumi zuwa zafi, rani mai matsakaicin bushewa. Ƙarfin rinjayar Tekun Marmara a kudu da kuma Bahar Black zuwa arewa, yana da cikakken teku; Hazo yana da yawa a matsakaici, hazo ne akai-akai, kuma ana iya ganin jinkirin yanayi duka a cikin hunturu da lokacin rani. Garin yana da kariya daga matsanancin zafi da sanyi mai sanyi, tare da yanayin zafi da wuya ya kai 33 ° C (91 ° F) ko kuma ya nutse ƙasa da -6 ° C (21 ° F),[1] kuma yana da iska sosai duk shekara.
Ana rarraba hazo ba daidai ba, tare da lokacin sanyi gabaɗaya ana samun hazo sosai, yayin da lokacin rani gabaɗaya ya bushe, ruwan shawa ba safai ba ne. Har ila yau, girgije yana bambanta sosai da yanayi; yayin da birnin ke da lokacin sanyi wanda ke samun kusan kashi biyar na yuwuwar lokacin hasken rana, kwatankwacin biranen arewa maso yammacin Turai, a lokacin rani birnin yana samun hasken rana sosai fiye da yawancin Yammacin Turai da Tsakiyar Turai.
Sauyin yanayi na Istanbul yana ci gaba da canzawa cikin sauri saboda hadewar sauyin yanayi da tsibirin zafi na birni. Bayanai na baya-bayan nan sun nuna babban haɓakar ƙananan yanayin zafi na yau da kullun, da kuma wasu haɓakar haɓakar yau da kullun.
Babban yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Zazzabi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Matsakaicin zafin jiki na Istanbul shine, ta sabon al'ada wanda ya shafi 1991-2020, kusan 14 ° C (57 ° F), yana sanya garin a kan ƙarshen yanayin zafi. Watan da ya fi yin sanyi shine yawanci Fabrairu, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 5-6 °C (41-43 °F), yayin da watansa mafi zafi shine Agusta, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 23-24 °C (73-75 °F). Ba abin mamaki ba, yanayin zafi na Istanbul yana da kunkuntar don yankin da ba na teku ba; matsakaicin matsakaicin shekara-shekara (mafi zafi zafin jiki a cikin matsakaiciyar shekara), yana kusan 33 °C (91 °F), yayin da mafi ƙarancin matsakaicin shekara (mafi yawan zafin jiki a cikin matsakaicin shekara) yana kusan -6 °C (21 °F).[2]. Yanayin Istanbul kuma sananne ne saboda yanayin da ake iya lura da shi na yanayi, yana ɗaya daga cikin 'yan biranen da ke cikin matsanancin yanayi na Arewacin Hemisphere inda Maris, a yawancin gundumomi, ya fi Disamba.[2]
Lokacin bazara a cikin birni yana da ƙarfi, iska mai narkewar arewa maso gabas, tare da kunkuntar yanayin yanayin rana, gabaɗaya a kusa da 25 °C (77 °F) zuwa 32 ° C (90 ° F). Zazzabi na 38 °C (100 °F) ana ganinsa kusan sau ɗaya a kowace shekara goma. Duk da haka, ana ganin yanayin bazara na Istanbul a matsayin rashin jin daɗi, musamman saboda yawan raɓar raɓa; yawancin fihirisar ta'aziyyar zafi na Yuli da Agusta ba su da daɗi gabaɗaya fiye da Yuni da Satumba.[3]
Winters sun fi bambanta, har yanzu tare da ingantacciyar yanayin yanayin rana gabaɗaya a kusa da 2 ° C (36 ° F) zuwa 14 ° C (57 ° F), amma tare da tsatsauran ra'ayi, gajere. Mafi rinjayen arewa maso gabas yana rasa ingancin bushewarsa a wannan lokaci na shekara, yana ba da damar samun iska mai ɗanɗano, wanda ake kira Poyraz (ƙarshe daga Girkanci na dā: Βορρᾶς, romanized: Borrhâs) daga wannan hanya, yana haifar da hazo mai tsayi, wani lokaci a cikin siffar dusar ƙanƙara; duk da cewa har yanzu ba ya iya haifar da tsananin sanyi saboda yanayin teku. Lodos (ƙarshen daga tsohuwar Girkanci: Νότος, romanized: Nótos) ita ce yankin kudu maso yamma, iska mai dumi da bushewa "tana gasa" tare da Poyraz na arewa maso gabas, kuma yana da alhakin rana ta lokaci-lokaci sama da 15 ° C (59 ° F) a cikin birni, da kuma guguwa mai tsanani 7. Saboda haka, yayin da rikodin zafi a cikin hunturu yawanci ana danganta su da kuma ko da yaushe zargi ga Lodos, bayanan sanyi sune samfuran dare marasa iska.
Spring da fall suna da laushi, musamman a ƙarshen bazara da farkon fall. Bature gabaɗaya ya fi faɗuwa sanyi saboda yanayin yanayi: Maris yana da sanyi sosai, yafi kama da hunturu, sabanin matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayin Nuwamba. sanyin bazara na ƙarshe yakan faru ne a ƙarshen Maris a mafi yawan yankunan bakin teku da manyan birane, da kuma ƙarshen Afrilu mai kyau a cikin ƙasa; sanyi faɗuwar farko yana faruwa a wani lokaci a cikin Nuwamba a mafi yawan birni (sai dai yankunan yammacin yamma, wanda zai iya samun sanyi na farko a watan Oktoba), da farkon Disamba a wurare na bakin teku.[4]
An ɗan tabbata cewa lokacin rani yana nufin yanayin zafi ya tashi daga kimanin 20-22 ° C (68-72 ° F) a lokacin masana'antu, zuwa kusan 23-25 ° C (73-77 ° F) a cikin ƙarni biyu da suka gabata, bisa ga sake ginawa da Luterbacher et al. Ba a samun irin wannan tsari daidai gwargwado a lokacin sanyi, inda yanayin zafi bai ga wani karuwa ba sai kwanan nan. Wannan yana nuni ne da tasirin sauyin yanayi da tsibirin zafi na birane, wanda ke karuwa da karfi a cikin dare na ranakun zafi na birnin, kuma a lokacin rani na zafi na iya haifar da bambance-bambancen yanayin zafi har zuwa 8 ° C da dare, da gaske yana haifar da bambancin 4-5 ° C tsakanin birane da yankunan karkara.[5]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Climatologie globale à Istanbul / Ataturk - Infoclimat". www.infoclimat.fr. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
- ↑ Resmi İstatistikler". mgm.gov.tr. Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü. Archived from the original on 23 December 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2020
- ↑ Abbasnia, Mohsen; Toros, Hüseyin; Memarian, Hadi (2019). "Analysis of Climate in the Megacity of Istanbul Based on Human Bioclimatic Comfort Index". Journal of Research in Atmospheric Science. 1 (1). ISSN 0000-0000.
- ↑ "Türkiye Don Haritası"
- ↑ Ünal, Yurdanur S.; Sonuç, Cemre Yürük; Incecik, Selahattin; Topcu, H. Sema; Diren-Üstün, Deniz H.; Temizöz, H. Perim (2020-01-01). "Investigating urban heat island intensity in Istanbul". Theoretical and Applied Climatology. 139 (1): 175–190. doi:10.1007/s00704-019-02953-2. ISSN 1434-4483