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Yanayin Italiya

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yanayin ƙasa Italiya ya haɗa da bayanin duk abubuwan ƙasa na Italiya. Italiya, wanda yankinsa ya fi dacewa da yankin da ake kira da shi, yana cikin kudancin Turai kuma ya ƙunshi tsaunuka masu tsawo, masu siffar takalma na Italiya da Apennines suka haye, gefen kudancin Alps, babban filin Kwarin Po da wasu tsibirai ciki har da Sicily da Sardinia. Italiya wani bangare ne na Arewacin Hemisphere . Biyu daga cikin Tsibirin Pelagia (Lampedusa da Lampione) suna kan nahiyar Afirka.

Jimlar fadin Italiya shine 301,230 km2 (116,310 sq mi), wanda 294,020 km2 (113,520 sq mi) ƙasa ce kuma 7,210 km2 (2,784 sq mi) ruwa ne.  Tana tsakanin latitudes 35° da 47° N, kuma tsayin 6° da 19° E. Italiya tana iyaka da Switzerland (698 km ko 434 mi), Faransa (476 km ko 296 mi), Austria (404 km ko 251 mi) da Slovenia (218 km ko 135 mi).  San Marino (kilomita 37 ko 23 mi) da birnin Vatican (kilomita 3.4 ko 2.1 mi) yanki ne.  Jimlar tsawon iyakar shine 1,836.4 km (1,141.1 mi).  Ciki har da tsibirai, Italiya tana da bakin tekun kilomita 7,900 (4,900 mi) akan Tekun Adriatic, Tekun Ionian, Tekun Tyrrhenian, Tekun Ligurian, Tekun Sardinia da Mashigar Sicily.

Yankin ƙasar Italiya, [1] a cikin al'adunsu kuma mafi yawan karɓa, yana da yanki na kusan kilomita 324,000 (125,000 murabba'i , [2] wanda ya fi yankin dukan Jamhuriyar Italiya (301,230 murabba'ir kilomita ko 116,310 murabba'ar kilomita). Yankin ƙasar Italiya ya haɗa da yankunan da ke cikin yankuna masu zaman kansu na Croatia, Faransa, Slovenia da Switzerland, da kuma ƙananan jihohi huɗu masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu da Principality of Monaco, Jamhuriyar Malta, Jamhuriyar San Marino da Jihar Vatican City (Mai Tsarki). [3]

Abubuwa na gaba ɗaya

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Hoton tauraron dan adam na Italiya.

Italiya ta haɗu da ɓangaren tsakiya-yammacin nahiyar Turai ta hanyar Alps. Saboda matsayinta, ya zama gada tsakanin Turai da Afirka. Musamman, tsibirin Italiya yana tsakiyar Tekun Bahar Rum, tsakanin Balkans da tsibirin Hellenic zuwa gabas, tsibirin Iberian zuwa yamma, Arewacin Afirka zuwa kudu da kuma nahiyar Turai zuwa arewa da Alps suka raba.

Har ila yau, Italiya ta raba yammacin tafkin Bahar Rum daga gabashin tafkin - wato, Tekun Tyrrhenian daga Tekun Ionian - wanda ya kai yamma tare da Calabria da Sicily, waɗanda tare suka samar da tsawo na peninsular. Km 140 kilometres (87 mi) kawai (87 ya raba Sicily da Afirka (ƙasar Tunisia), ta hanyar tashar Sicily.[4]

A gabas, Salento yana da nisan kilomita 70 kilometres (43 mi) (43 daga bakin tekun Albanian, [5] a mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin Strait of Otranto . Shi ne Capo d'Otranto (wanda ake kira Punta Palascìa), wanda ° 7' arewacin latitude da 18 ° 31' gabas longitude. A arewacin Salento akwai tsayi mai tsawo da kuma kunkuntar shigar da Tekun Adriatic.

Taswirar yanayin Italiya
Vetta d'Italia, har zuwa 1997 an dauke shi mafi arewacin Italiya, yanzu yana da nisan mita 400 a arewacin Testa Gemella OccidentaleTesta Gemella na Yamma
Punta Pesce Spada a Lampedusa, mafi kudancin
Hasumiyar wuta ta Punta Palascìa, wanda aka fi sani da Capo d'Otranto, mafi gabashin yankin Italiya
Rocca Bernauda, mafi yammacin yankin Italiya

Ci gaban bakin teku na tsibirin Italiya da tsibirai suna da yawa; kimanin kilomita 8,000 (5,000 , [6] wanda ya fi na tsibirin Iberian girma, amma ƙasa da na Balkans.[7]

Italiya tana da yaduwar yankunan tuddai (41.6% na yankin) idan aka kwatanta da yankunan tsaunuka (35.2% na yankin), ko wuraren da ke da faɗi (23.2%). [8]

Ƙasar Italiya a yau ita ce sakamakon anƘasar Italiyanci a yau shine sakamakon anthropization kuma wani ɓangare na dutse ne, wani ɓangare na tuddai, wani ɓangaren volcanic, wani ɓangare na endolagunar tare da bumps, polesine, tsibiran, bushe ta hanyar reclamation (Bonifiche Circeo, Ferraresi, Comacchio, Ostiense, Pisana da sauransu) tare da girma girma girma na embankments na mita 1, misali. consortia daga Veneto kadai)

Babu cibiyar zama a Italiya da ta fi kilomita 294 kilometres (183 mi) (183 daga teku kuma karamar hukumar Italiya nisa daga teku ita ce Madesimo (lardin Sondrio) wanda ke da kilomita 294 kilometres (183 mi) (mi) daga Tekun Liguria.[9]

Yankin

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Italiya tana da iyaka da Switzerland (698 kilometres (434 mi) , Faransa (476 kilometres (296 mi) , Austria (404 kilometres (251 mi) mi) da Slove (218 kilometres (135 mi) mi). San Marino (37 kilometres (23 mi) mi) da Vatican City (3.4 kilometres (2.1 mi) mi) sune yankuna. Jimlar tsawon iyaka shine 1,836.4 kilometres (1,141.1 mi) mi). Ciki har da tsibirai, Italiya tana da iyakar bakin teku na kilomita 7,900 kilometres (4,900 mi) (4,900 mi) a kan Tekun Adriatic, Tekun Io, Tekun Tyrrhenian, Tekun Liguria, Tekun Sardinia da Strait of Sicily.

Latitude da longitude

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  • Yankin arewa - Testa Gemella Yamma, Prettau (Predoi), Kudancin Tyrol a 47°5′N 12°11′E / 47.083°N 12.183°E / 47.083; 12.183 (Arewa: Testa Gemela Yamma) 47°5′N 12°11′E / 47.083°N 12.183°E / 47.083; 12.183
  • Yankin kudu - Punta Pesce Spada, Lampedusa, Sicily a 35°29′N 12°36′E / 35.483°N 12.600°E / 35. 483; 12.600 (Kudancin: Lampedusa) (dukan yankin); Capo Spartivento, Palizzi, Calabria a 37°55′N 15°59′E / 37.917; 15.983 (Kudanci: Capo Spartigento) (ƙasar)
  • Yammacin Yamma - Rocca Bernauda, Bardonecchia, Piedmont a 45°6′N 6°37′E / 45.100°N 6.617°E / 45. 100; 6.617 (Yamma: Rocca Bernaida) 45°6′N 6°37′E / 45.100°N 6.617°E / 45.100; 6.617
  • Matsayi mafi gabas - Otranto" id="mwAQI" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Capo d'Otranto">Capo d'Otranto, Otranto, Apulia a 40°6′N 18°31′E / 40.100°N 18.517°E / 40. 100; 18.517 (Gabas: Capo d"Otranto) 40°6′N 18°31′E / 40.100°N 18.517°E / 40.100; 18.517

Tsakanin da ke raba Testa Gemella Occidentale daga Punta Pesce Spada shine kilomita 1,291 kilometres (802 mi) (802 ; matsakaicin nisan tsakanin iyakokin gabas da yamma kusan kilomita 600 kilometres (370 mi) ne (370 . Gundumar da ke ƙarshen Italiya sune:

  • Predoi, karamar hukuma mafi arewa
  • Lampedusa da Linosa, karamar hukuma mafi kudanci
  • Otranto, karamar hukuma mafi gabashin
  • Bardonecchia, karamar hukuma mafi yamma

Hawan sama

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Da'awar teku

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  • Territorial sea: 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi)
  • Continental shelf: 200 metres (660 ft)* or to the depth of exploitation
  • Exclusive Economic Zone: 541,915 square kilometres (209,235 sq mi)

Cibiyar ƙasa

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Kodayake Istituto Geografico Militare na Florence ya bayyana akai-akai cewa ba zai yiwu a ƙayyade cibiyar siffar da ba ta ƙididdiga ba kamar ta Italiya, akwai wurare da yawa waɗanda, dangane da ka'idodin ma'auni da aka karɓa, suna gasa don fifiko na Cibiyar ƙasa ta Italiya:

  • Monteluco (lardin Perugia); [10]
  • Narni (Landarin Terni); [11]
  • Orvieto (lardin Terni); [12]
  • Rieti (Landarin Rieti). [10]

Amfani da ƙasa

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Yankin Apennine a cikin MarcheTafiya
  • Na wucin gadi (birni, masana'antu da dai sauransu): 4.9%
  • Aikin gona: 52.2% Yankin noma: 27.9% Dindindin: 7.1% Sauran: 17.2%
    • Yankin noma: 27.9%
    • Dindindin: 7.1%
    • Sauran: 17.2%
  • Itace: 41.4%
  • Yankunan ruwa: 0.4%
  • Ruwa (kogi da sauransu): 1.1%

Ƙasar da ake ban ruwa

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  • 39,510 km2 (2007)  
  • 191.3 km3 (2011)  

Rashin ruwa mai laushi (na gida / masana'antu / aikin gona)

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  • jimlar: 45.41 km3/shekara (24%/43%/34%)  
  • ga kowane mutum: 789.8 m3/shekara (2008)  
A baki, iyakokin Jamhuriyar Italiya, a ja iyakokin yankin Italiya.

Yankin yanki na Italiya,[1] a cikin al'adarsa kuma mafi yawan karɓuwa, yana da yanki kusan murabba'in kilomita 324,000 (125,000 sq mi), [1] wanda ya fi yankin ɗaukacin Jamhuriyar Italiya (kilomita murabba'in 301,230 ko murabba'in mil 116,310).  Yankin yanki na Italiya kuma ya haɗa da yankuna waɗanda ke da manyan yankuna na Croatia, Faransa, Slovenia da Switzerland, da kuma ƙananan ƙasashe huɗu masu zaman kansu na Masarautar Monaco, Jamhuriyar Malta, Jamhuriyar San Marino da Jihar Vatican (Mai Tsarki).[2]  Italiya da yankin Italiya duk sun kasu kashi uku, duk da cewa suna da bambance-bambance.

Continental Italiya ta bayyana a matsayin gefen kudancin Alps, Kwarin Po, Liguria da kuma ɓangaren Apennines da ke da iyaka da layin al'ada wanda ke haɗa La Spezia zuwa Rimini. Yankin Nice (wanda ya dace da tarihin County of Nice), Italiyanci Switzerland, wani ɓangare na Julian Maris da sauran ƙananan yankuna kamar Valle Stretta, Gondo da Val Monastero, ba sa cikin Jamhuriyar Italiya a cikin ɓangaren nahiyar amma suna cikin yankin Italiya. Sabanin haka, Val di Lei, Val di Livigno, kwarin San Candido, kwarin Rio Sesto da kwarin Tarvisio, kodayake wani ɓangare na Jamhuriyar Italiya, ba a haɗa su cikin yankin Italiya ba.

Yankin Italiya

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Peninsular Italiya tana nufin duk kudancin ɓangaren layin da aka ambata a sama, har zuwa Punta Melito a Calabria (wanda shine mafi kudancin yankin) da Santa Maria di Leuca a Apulia . San Marino da Vatican City yankuna ne na kasashen waje, kodayake an haɗa su a cikin yankin Italiya.

Yankin Italiya yana da matsayi na tsakiya tsakanin manyan tsibirai uku na kudancin Turai, suna fitowa dama a tsakiyar Bahar Rum, tare da manyan tsibannin da wasu tsibirai.

Tsibirin Italiya

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Taswirar Tsibirin Italiya.

Insular Italiya ta ƙunshi Sardinia, Sicily da ƙananan tsibirai da yawa, waɗanda suka warwatse ko suka taru a cikin tsibirai a cikin teku waɗanda ke wanke bakin tekun. Corsica ba a haɗa ta cikin siyasa a cikin Tsibirin Italiya ba tunda ta kasance ta Faransa, duk da haka, an haɗa ta cikin yankin Italiya.

  • Sicily (25,707 square kilometres (9,926 sq mi))
  • Sardinia (24,090 square kilometres (9,300 sq mi))
  • Elba (223 square kilometres (86 sq mi))
  • Sant'Antioco (108.9 square kilometres (42.0 sq mi))
  • Pantelleria (83 square kilometres (32 sq mi)).

Archipelago na Gulf of La Spezia, wanda tsibirin Palmaria, Tino da Tinetto suka kafa;

Tsibirin Tuscan, wanda tsibirin Elba ya kafa, mafi girma kuma mafi mahimmanci a cikin rukunin wanda aka fitar da baƙin ƙarfe daga cikin hanji shekaru aru-aru.  Zuwa arewacin tsibirin Elba ya tashi Capraia da Gorgona, zuwa kudu Pianosa, Montecristo, Giannutri da tsibirin Giglio.  Ƙananan tsibiran sune Cerboli da Palmaiola daga bakin tekun Elba, tsibirin Sparviero a Punta Ala, da Formiche di Grosseto, da Formica di Burano, da Formica di Montecristo (ko Scoglio d'Africa) da wasu tsibiran da ke bakin tekun promontory na Argentario ciki har da Argentarola, Isolache da Rossa a cikin Seoloche de Seloche da kuma Seoloche.  Vada.

Tsibirin Phlegraean (Ischia da Procida) da Capri, a cikin Gulf of Naples;  wani lokacin ana haɗa tsibiran guda uku a cikin tsibiran Campanian;

Tsibirin Pontine: Ponza, Palmarola, Zannone da Ventotene, a cikin gulf na Gaeta;

Archipelago na tsibiran Aeolian ko Lipari, wanda ya hada da Salina, Lipari, mafi girma a cikin rukunin, Vulcano, dutsen mai aman wuta a yanzu ya kusa bacewa;  Panarea sannan Stromboli, wani mazugi mai fashewa har yanzu yana aiki wanda tsoffin Helenawa suka kira Stronghilo (saboda haka Stromboli), saboda sifarsa ta jujjuyawar saman teku;  ga waɗannan dole ne a ƙara Filicudi da Alicudi;

Tsibirin Aegadian, watau tsibiran Favignana, Marettimo, Levanzo da Stagnone, waɗanda ke tasowa tsakanin Marsala da Trapani, yammacin Sicily;

Tsibirin Pelagie, ciki har da Linosa, Lampione da Lampedusa;

A Sicily har yanzu muna samun Ustica daga Gulf of Palermo da Pantelleria a tsakiyar tashar Sicilian;

Ƙungiyar tsibirin Tremiti da tsibirin Pianosa, wanda ke tashi a cikin Tekun Adriatic;

A arewacin Sardinia da Asinara da tsibirin La Maddalena, a kudu San Pietro da Sant'Antioco.

Tsibirin Cheradi na San Pietro da San Paolo a cikin Tekun Taranto.

  • .

Duwatsu

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Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) a cikin Kwarin Aosta, mafi girma a cikin Tarayyar Turai

Kusan kashi 40% na yankin Italiya yana da tsaunuka, tare da Alps a matsayin iyakar arewa da Dutsen Apennine wanda ke samar da kashin baya na tsibirin kuma ya kai kilomita 1,350 kilometres (840 mi) (840 . [13] Dutsen Alpine yana da alaƙa da Apennines tare da Colle di Cadibona a cikin Ligurian Alps.[14] Yankunan Italiya goma sha tara sun haye ko dai Alps ko Apennines, ko rassan su. Sardinia tana da duwatsu tare da halaye na kansu kuma an haɗa su a cikin taimakon Sardinian-Corsica, tunda yana shafar Corsica.

Alps (wanda aka kafa a lokacin Mesozoic da Cenozoic) [15] kewaye da kwarin Po zuwa arewa, gabas da yamma, kuma suna tasowa tare da duk iyakar arewacin Italiya (kima 1,000 km (620 mi) mi), suna haifar da iyakar halitta. Alps suna dauke da mafi girman tudu a Tarayyar Turai, Mont Blanc, a mita 4,810 (15,780 sama da matakin teku, wanda ke tsakanin Kwarin Aosta da Faransa.

Apennines (wanda aka kafa a lokacin Oligocene) [16] ya tashi a kudancin kwarin Po kuma yana gudana daga arewa zuwa kudu a duk faɗin tsibirin Italiya, daga Liguria zuwa Calabria kuma yana ci gaba a arewacin Sicily yana ƙare a Madonia, yana aiki a matsayin ruwa tsakanin Tyrrhenian da Adriatic-Ionian.

Ana samun tsaunuka mafi girma a Italiya a Yammacin Alps, inda akwai tsaunuka da yawa waɗanda suka wuce mita 4,000 (13,000 ciki har da Monte Rosa (mita 4,634 ko ƙafa 15,203), Cervino (mita 4,478 ko ƙafa 14,692) da Mont Blanc wanda ke da mita 4,810 (15,780 . Matsakaicin tsawo na Apennines shine Gran Sasso d'Italia (mita 2,912 ko ƙafa 9,554).

Shahararrun duwatsu a Italiya sune Monte Cervino (Matterhorn), Monte Rosa, Gran Paradiso a Yammacin Alps, da Bernina, Stelvio da Dolomites a gefen gabashin Alps.

Tuddan da ke zaune

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Tuddan Euganean

Duwatsun sun rufe mafi yawan yankin Italiya. Sunfi yawa suna cikin tsakiyar kudancin yankin, tare da bangarorin tudun Apennine, amma kuma a yankin pre-Alpine, kusa da Alps.[17]

Yankunan tsaunuka, waɗanda ke canzawa tare da ramuka da kwari, suna da ƙananan gangara kuma ba su wuce mita 800 ko ƙafa 2,600 ba.

Tsarin tsaunuka biyu na farko sune tuddai da Preappennino, tsaunuka guda biyu da aka shirya tsakanin Alps da kwarin Po da kuma tsakanin Apennines da bakin tekun Adriatic bi da bi. Duwatsun da ke kusa da tsaunuka sun kara fadada a yammacin yankin Po Valley, inda suka samar da tuddai na Langhe da Montferrat . [18] Sauran tsarin tsaunuka guda biyu sune Tyrrhenian Anti-Apennine, wanda ya kai daga Colline Metallifere na Tuscany zuwa Vesuvius da Beneventane Hills a Campania, da kuma Adriatic Anti-Apernine, wanda ke cikin Puglia tare da tsaunukan Murge da Gargano.[18]

  • Langhe, Monferrato, Chianti da Murge tuddai ne masu lalacewa waɗanda aka kafa ta hanyar ɗaga gindin teku.
  • Dutsen Beneventane suna da tsari na uku, wato, sun hada da shimfidar dutse ko tarin duwatsu da aka gauraya da dutse da sandstone, mai yiwuwa saboda tasowa na tafkin.
  • Duwatsun Brianza, na Canavese da Kauna gabaɗaya na dukan tsayin da ke gudana a ƙarƙashin Alps sune morainic, [17] wato, sun ƙunshi ajiyar ƙasa da dutse da aka murkushe wanda tsoffin kankara suka ɗauka.
  • Dutsen Euganean da sauran tsari da yawa a Tuscany, Lazio, Campania sun samo asali ne daga dutsen wuta, [17] watau su ne ragowar tsoffin tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta, waɗanda aka kewaye su da dogon rushewa.
Filin CampidanoKamfanin karkara
  • Yawancin su na asali ne, wato, wanda aka kafa ta hanyar tarkace da koguna suka ajiye a kan hanyarsu. Kwarin Po, Valdarno, Pontine Marshes, Campidano, Metapontino, Filayen Sele, Salento, Filayen Sibari, Filayen Catania da Filayen Sant'Eufemia suna da ruwa.
  • Filin Italiya na biyu mafi girma shine Tavoliere delle Puglie, [19] wanda shine fili mai tasowa, wanda aka kafa daga tasowa na zurfin teku.
  • Sauran filayen, alal misali Filayen Campania, sun samo asali ne daga dutsen wuta [19] inda toka na tsaunuka suka cika kwarin da ke kewaye da su, suna canza su zuwa filayen da ke da kyau.

Italiya tana kewaye da ita, sai dai a arewa, da teku, kuma yankinta yana da wadataccen ajiyar ruwa na ciki (koguna da tabkuna). Yankunan kudanci, duk da haka, sun bushe fiye da na arewa, saboda karancin ruwan sama da rashin kankara wanda zai iya ciyar da koguna.

Kogin Po a Turin
  1. ↑ "La presentazione di una storia delle frontiere orientali italiane: una occasione per riflettere sulle determinanti storiche, economiche e geopolitiche dei confini" (in Italiyanci). Working Paper n. 2007-41, Università degli Studi di Milano. 2007. doi:10.2139/ssrn.1023852. S2CID 127530700. Retrieved 29 January 2022. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  2. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named De Agostini
  3. ↑ "Archives historiques de la Suisse italienne - Volumes 9-11". Université de Californie. 1934. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  4. ↑ "Un mega-ponte da 140 chilometri che collega la Tunisia alla Sicilia" (in Italiyanci). 12 December 2016. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  5. ↑ "Un gigante nel mare di Otranto, le montagne dell'Albania incantano i turisti" (in Italiyanci). Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  6. ↑ "Coste italiane" (PDF) (in Italiyanci). Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  7. ↑ "Sviluppo costiero italiano". Archived from the original on 6 March 2021. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  8. ↑ "Elenco in ordine alfabetico delle domande di Geografia" (in Italiyanci). Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  9. ↑ "Madesimo Valchiavenna: tra giochi d'acqua, marmotte e piste da sci" (in Italiyanci). 27 October 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  10. 1 2 ""Narni è il centro geografico d'Italia" - Ma la spodestata Rieti non ci sta" (in Italiyanci). 2 March 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  11. ↑ "Gruppo speleologico Narni" (in Italiyanci). Archived from the original on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  12. ↑ Emma Louise Cheeseman. "L'autorità olandese Kadaster individua a Orvieto l'esatto centro geografico dell'Italia" (in Italiyanci). Archived from the original on 6 September 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  13. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named eug92
  14. ↑ "Colle di Cadibona - Touring Club Italiano" (in Italiyanci). Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  15. ↑ "Le orogenesi - Regione Emilia-Romagna" (in Italiyanci). Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  16. ↑ "Integrazione di dati geologici e geofisici per un quadro geodinamico del sistema appennino meridionale arco-calabro-Sicilia" (PDF) (in Italiyanci). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  17. 1 2 3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Colline
  18. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Colli
  19. 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Pianure
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