Mafi yawancin yanayin kasar Rasha a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wasu dalilai masu mahimmanci. Girman kasar da nesantar yankuna da dama daga teku ya haifar da mamaye yanayin nahiyar, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a Turai da Asiya ta Rasha sai dai tundra da kuma kudu maso yamma. Tsaunuka a kudu suna hana kwararar iska mai dumi daga Tekun Indiya da filayen yamma da arewa sun sa ƙasar ta buɗe ga tasirin Arctic da Atlantic. Yanayin kasar Rasha, duk da girman fadinsa, gaba daya yana da zafi da zafi a lokacin rani da sanyi zuwa sanyi sosai a lokacin sanyi, tare da rufe dusar kankara a mafi yawan yankunan kasar a cikin watannin hunturu, in ban da yankunan kudancin kasar, Arewacin Caucasus. Yankin arewa maso gabas na Rasha, wanda ke fama da matsanancin yanayi, yana fuskantar lokacin sanyi mafi sanyi na kowane yanki na dindindin a duniya, tare da Yakutsk, babban birnin Jamhuriyar Sakha, shi ne babban birni mafi sanyi a duniya da Oymyakon, kuma a cikin Jamhuriyar Sakha, ya kasance mafi sanyi a duniya mazauna mazauna dindindin..
Saboda matsakaiciyar tasirin Atlantic ko Pacific, yawancin yankunan kasar a Turai Rasha, a kudancin Yammacin Siberia da kudancin Gabashin Gabashin Rasha, gami da biranen Moscow da Saint Petersburg, suna fuskantar Yanayin zafi na nahiyar. (Köppen's Dfb, Dfa, Dwb, Dwa, Dsb, Dsa iri). Yawancin Arewacin Turai Rasha da Siberia tsakanin Yankin Scandinavia da Tekun Pacific suna da yanayi mai tsanani, tare da matsanancin hunturu (Dfd, Dwd, Dsd) a cikin yankuna na ciki na Arewa maso gabashin Siberia (yawanci Jamhuriyar Sakha) tare da rikodin zafin jiki na -67.8 ° C ko -90.0 ° F), kuma mafi matsakaici (Dwc, Dsc) a wasu wurare.
Yankin ƙasa a gefen Tekun Arctic, da kuma Tsibirin Arctic, suna da yanayi mai sanyi, wato, Yanayin kankara (EF) a wasu tsibirai, da kuma yanayin tundra (ET) a wasu wurare. Wani karamin yanki na bakin tekun Black Sea, musamman a Sochi, yana da yanayi mai zafi (Köppen's Cfa) tare da hunturu mai laushi. Lokacin hunturu ya bushe idan aka kwatanta da lokacin rani a yankuna da yawa na Gabashin Siberia da Gabas ta Tsakiya (Dwa, Dwb, Dwc, Dwd iri), yayin da wasu sassan ƙasar ke fuskantar karin hazo a duk lokacin yanayi. Ruwan sama na hunturu a mafi yawan sassan kasar yawanci yakan faɗi a matsayin dusar ƙanƙara. Yankin da ke kusa da Lower Volga da Caspian Sea, da kuma wasu yankuna na kudancin Siberia, suna da yanayin tsaka-tsaki (BSk) da yanayin bushe (BWk). Birnin Kaliningrad yana da yanayin Oceanic (Cfb, Cfc) saboda sanyi mai sauƙi (wata yana nufin sama da -3 ° C (27 ° F)) da kuma lokacin sanyi.
