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Yanayin Samoa

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Yanayin Samoa
geography of geographic location (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na geography of Oceania (en) Fassara
Fuskar Samoa
Ƙasa Samoa
Rukunin da yake danganta Category:Samoa geography-related lists (en) Fassara da Category:Lists of landforms of Samoa (en) Fassara
Wuri
Map
 13°35′S 172°20′W / 13.58°S 172.33°W / -13.58; -172.33
Taswirar tsibirin Samoa
Yanayin ƙasa na Samoa.
Kudancin gabashin tsibirin Savai'i.

Tsibirin Samoan jerin tsibiran tsibirai 16 ne da kuma tudun ruwa masu yawa da ke da fadin murabba'in kilomita 3,123 (1,206 sq mi) a tsakiyar Kudancin Pacific, kudu da equator, kusan rabin tsakanin Hawaii da New Zealand, wanda ya zama wani yanki na Polynesia da kuma babban yankin Oceania. Tsibirin su ne Savaiʻi, Upolu, Tutuila, ’Uvea, Ta`ū, Ofu, Olosega, Apolima, Manono, Nu`utele, Niulakita, Nu`ulua, Namua, Fanuatapu, Rose Atoll, Nu'ulopa, da kuma Vailulu`u, Pasco banks, da Alexa Bank. .[1]

Tectonics

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tsibirin Samoan yana da siffofi da yawa waɗanda suka dace da samfurin hotspot mai sarrafawa, gami da dutsen mai fashewa na Vailulu'u wanda ke aiki a halin yanzu wanda ke ɗaure iyakar gabas. Koyaya, kusanci da sarkar zuwa ƙarshen arewacin rami na Tonga, da kuma kasancewar ƙananan dutsen wuta a kan abin da ya kamata ya zama mafi tsufa (~ 5 my) tsibirin yammacin Savai'i ya haifar da gardama game da samfurin fuka-fuki / hotspot mai sauƙi.[2] Wataƙila tsibirin Samoan ya samo asali ne daga Pacific Tectonic Plate da ke tafiya a kan wani wuri mai zafi. Hanyar hotspot ta Samoa a wani bangare ya dace da babban rukuni na tsibirai da tsaunuka masu tsawo 1,700 kilometres (1,056 mi) , waɗanda mai yiwuwa an kafa su ne ta wannan hotspot, amma kuma sun haɗu da tsofaffin tsaunuka tare da babbar hanyar hotspot da Macdonald, Rurutu, da Rarotonga suka bari kuma suna da manyan wuraren fashewar dutsen wuta, mai yiwuwa saboda abubuwan da suka haifar da subduction na Pacific Plate a kusa da Tonga [3][4][5][6][7]

Vailulu'u dutse ne mai aman wuta da aka gano a shekarar 1975. Yana tasowa daga benen teku zuwa zurfin 593 m (1,946 ft) kuma yana tsakanin tsibiran Ta'u da Rose a ƙarshen ƙarshen sarkar hotspot na Samoa. Ana ɗaukar dutsen basaltic don yin alama a halin yanzu na wurin da ake samu na Samoa. Taron na Vailulu'u ya ƙunshi tsayin mita 2,000 (6,600 ft), faɗinsa, 400 m (1,300 ft) zurfin caldera mai siffar kwali. Manyan yankuna guda biyu sun bazu gabas da yamma daga babban taron, daidai da yanayin yanayin Samoan. Takaddama ta uku da ba ta yi fice ba ta kai kudu maso gabashin taron[2]

Rose Atoll da Malulu seamount suna iya zama ragowar inda hanyar ko dai Macdonald ko Rarotonga hotspots ta haye hanyar Samoa hotspot.[8][9][10] Wasu tsaunuka a yammacin Samoa ("Samoan Seamounts" ), waɗanda aka sanya su tare da Tuvalu tsakanin shekaru miliyan 63 da 42 da suka gabata suna iya zama ragowar hotspot na Rurutu. [11][12] Wadannan kuma an san su da "interloper seamounts". [13] Sauran tsaunuka da ba a san su ba a Samoa an haɗa su da hotspot na Rurutu bisa ga shaidar geochemical.[14]

Tsibirin tsibirin Samoa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tsibirin Yankin Yankin bakin teku Yawan jama'a Babban Mahimmanci Rushewar Dutsen na Ƙarshe Ƙasar / Yankin
Savai'i 1,694 195 43,142 1,858 1911 AZ [15]  Samoa
Upolu 1,125 197 143,418 1,113 Ba a sani ba [16]  Samoa
Tutuila 142.3 135 55,876 653 440 AZ [17] Tarayyar Amurka
"Uvea" 96 43 8,333 131 Ba a sani ba [18] Faransa
Taʻū 47.02 32 790 931 Ba a sani ba [19] Tarayyar Amurka
Ofu 7.215 11.47 176 491 1866 AZ [20] Tarayyar Amurka
Olosega 5.163 13.38 172 629 1866 AZ [20] Tarayyar Amurka
Apolima 4.1 4.19 75 165 Ba a sani ba [16]  Samoa
Manono 3 7.5 889 37 Ba a sani ba [16]  Samoa
Nu'ute 1.15 5.04 0 180 Ba a sani ba [16]  Samoa
Niulakita 0.4 2.2 34 4.6 Cretaceous Tuvalu
Nu'ulua 0.23 2.78 0 96 Ba a sani ba [16]  Samoa
Namua 0.18 2.08 0 91 Ba a sani ba [16]  Samoa
Fanuatapu 0.06 1.81 0 31 Ba a sani ba [16]  Samoa
Rose Atoll 0.05 0.75 0 3.5 10,000 ya riga ya [21] Tarayyar Amurka
Nu'ulopa 0.01 0.45 0 37 Ba a sani ba [16]  Samoa
Jimillar 3,126 654 252,905

Yanayi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Saboda matsayinsa a Kudancin Tekun Pasifik, tsibirin Samoan yana yawan fuskantar guguwar yanayi tsakanin Nuwamba da Afrilu. Samoa tana da yanayin gandun daji mai zafi na iska (Köppen Af), tare da matsakaicin zafin shekara na 26.5 °C (79.7 °F). Lokacin mafi sanyi yana faruwa daga Nuwamba zuwa Afrilu, kodayake ruwan sama mai ƙarfi yana iya faɗi a kowane wata.

Climate data for {{{location}}}
Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara
[Ana bukatan hujja]
Cikakken taswirar Samoa

Yankin tsibirai masu girma sun ƙunshi ƙananan filayen bakin teku tare da dutsen wuta, dutse, tsaunuka masu tsawo a ciki. Abubuwan da ke cikin halitta sun haɗa da gandun daji, kifi, da wutar lantarki. Ƙananan tsibirai sune ragowar zoben tuff na dutsen wuta, wasu kawai murjani ne a saman murfin murjani na dutsen mai fitattun wuta.

Rose Atoll ita ce mafi gabashin tsibirin kuma mafi kudancin Amurka.[22] Samoa ta Amurka ita ce gida ga National Park of American Samoa .

Duwatsu mafi girma sune: Mt Silisili (Savai'i) a 1,858 metres (6,096 ft) , Dutsen Fito (Upolu) a 1,113 metres (3,652 ft) , Dutsen Lata (Taʻū), 3,170 ft (970 m)  ; Matafao Peak (Tutuila) a 2,141 ft (653 m) , Piumafua (Olosega) a 2,095 ft (639 m) , da Tumutumu (Ofu) a 1,621 ft (494 m) . Dutsen Pioa (Tutuila), wanda ake kira Rainmaker, yana da 1,718 ft (524 m) . [23] : 3 Samoa ta Amurka ita ce kuma gida ga wasu tsaunuka mafi girma a duniya a 3,000 ft (910 m) . [24]

  1. ↑ "Demographic Yearbook—Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density" (PDF). United Nations Statistics Division. 2010.
  2. 1 2 Hart, S.R.; Coetzee, M; Workman, R; Blusztajn, Jerzy (2004). "Genesis of the Western Samoa seamount province: Age, geochemical fingerprint and tectonics". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. p. 38. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "HartCoetzee" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Price, Allison A.; Jackson, Matthew G.; Blichert-Toft, Janne; Kurz, Mark D.; Gill, Jim; Blusztajn, Jerzy; Jenner, Frances; Brens, Raul; Arculus, Richard (March 2017). "Geodynamic implications for zonal and meridional isotopic patterns across the northern Lau and North Fiji Basins" (PDF). Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems (in Turanci). 18 (3): 23. Bibcode:2017GGG....18.1013P. doi:10.1002/2016gc006651. ISSN 1525-2027.
  4. ↑ Smith-Vaniz, William F. (1987). "The Saber-Toothed Blennies, Tribe Nemophini (Pisces: Blenniidae): An Update". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 139 (1): 5. JSTOR 4064893.
  5. ↑ Russell, Jamie A. "Hotspot Lesson: Samoan Hotspot". Enduring Resources Earth Science Education. Retrieved 2 December 2009.
  6. ↑ "Samoan Hotspot Trail". Archived from the original on December 23, 2010. Retrieved 2009-12-01.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  7. ↑ Bird 2003
  8. ↑ Jackson, Matthew G.; Hart, Stanley R.; Konter, Jasper G.; Koppers, Anthony A. P.; Staudigel, Hubert; Kurz, Mark D.; Blusztajn, Jerzy; Sinton, John M. (December 2010). "Samoan hot spot track on a "hot spot highway": Implications for mantle plumes and a deep Samoan mantle source". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 11 (12): 19. Bibcode:2010GGG....1112009J. doi:10.1029/2010GC003232. S2CID 131425199.
  9. ↑ Koppers, Anthony A. P.; Russell, Jamie A.; Roberts, Jed; Jackson, Matthew G.; Konter, Jasper G.; Wright, Dawn J.; Staudigel, Hubert; Hart, Stanley R. (July 2011). "Age systematics of two young en echelon Samoan volcanic trails". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 12 (7): 5. Bibcode:2011GGG....12.7025K. doi:10.1029/2010GC003438. S2CID 54947952. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  10. ↑ Price, Allison A.; Jackson, Matthew G.; Blichert-Toft, Janne; Blusztajn, Jerzy; Conatser, Christopher S.; Konter, Jasper G.; Koppers, Anthony A.P.; Kurz, Mark D. (May 2016). "Geochemical evidence in the northeast Lau Basin for subduction of the Cook-Austral volcanic chain in the Tonga Trench". Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 17 (5): 1694–1724. Bibcode:2016GGG....17.1694P. doi:10.1002/2015GC006237. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help)
  11. ↑ Koppers, A. A.; Konter, J. G.; Jackson, M. G. (2013-12-01). "Insights Into the Origin of the Longest-lived Hotspot in the Pacific: Clues from the Tuvalus". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 13: V13F–2668. Bibcode:2013AGUFM.V13F2668K.
  12. ↑ Finlayson, V.; Konter, J. G.; Konrad, K.; Price, A. A.; Koppers, A. A. P.; Jackson, M. G. (2016-12-01). "Identification of a Hawaiian-Emperor Style Bend in the Tuvalu Segment of the Rurutu Hotspot". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 52: DI52A–05. Bibcode:2016AGUFMDI52A..05F.
  13. ↑ Finlayson, V.; Konter, J. G.; Konrad, K.; Koppers, A.A.P.; Jackson, M.G.; Rooney, T.O. (October 2018). "Sr–Pb–Nd–Hf isotopes and 40Ar/39Ar ages reveal a Hawaii–Emperor-style bend in the Rurutu hotspot"". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 500: 168–179. Bibcode:2018E&PSL.500..168F. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2018.08.020. ISSN 0012-821X. S2CID 135064417.
  14. ↑ Jackson, Matthew G.; Konter, Jasper G.; Steinberger, Bernhard; Koppers, Anthony A. P.; Konrad, Kevin (2018-02-27). "On the relative motions of long-lived Pacific mantle plumes". Nature Communications. 9 (1): 854. Bibcode:2018NatCo...9..854K. doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03277-x. ISSN 2041-1723. PMC 5829163. PMID 29487287.
  15. ↑ "Global Volcanism Program: Savai'i". Smithsonian Institution.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Global Volcanism Program: Upolu". Smithsonian Institution.
  17. ↑ "Global Volcanism Program: Tutuila". Smithsonian Institution.
  18. ↑ "Global Volcanism Program: Wallis Islands". Smithsonian Institution.
  19. ↑ "Global Volcanism Program: Ta'u". Smithsonian Institution.
  20. 1 2 "Global Volcanism Program: Ofu-Olosega". Smithsonian Institution.
  21. ↑ "Global Volcanism Program: Rose Island". Smithsonian Institution.
  22. ↑ "Rose Atoll Marine National Monument". July 2022.
  23. ↑ Sunia, Fofo I.F. (2009). A History of American Samoa. Amerika Samoa Humanities Council. Page 355. ISBN 9781573062992.
  24. ↑ Harris, Ann G. and Esther Tuttle (2004). Geology of National Parks. Kendall Hunt. p. 603. ISBN 978-0787299705.
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