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Yanayin Texas

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Yanayin Texas
climate of geographic location (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare naClimate of the United States (en) Fassara
FuskarTexas
ƘasaTarayyar Amurka
Wannan hoton Texas, wanda 'yan saman jannati suka samu a cikin jirgin saman NASA na Gemini 4, yana nuna babban duhu mai duhu wanda aka danganta da ruwan sama.

Yanayin Texas ya bambanta sosai, daga busasshiyar a yamma zuwa danshiyar a gabas. Babban faɗin Texas ya ƙunshi yankuna da yawa tare da yanayi daban-daban: Arewacin Filayen, Yankin Trans-Pecos, Texas Hill Country, Piney Woods, da Kudancin Texas. Gabaɗaya, rabin gabashin jihar yana da zafi mai zafi, yayin da rabin yammacin ya fi yawan busasshiyar ƙasa (sai dai busasshi a yammacin yamma).[1] Wannan shi ne saboda Cordillera na Arewacin Amurka yana rufe iskõki na gabas zuwa yamma, ma'ana iskõki daga arewa maso kudu sun zama ruwa dare a gabashin Texas kuma suna jawo iska mai laushi daga Tekun Mexico.[2]

Texas ta kasance ta farko a cikin guguwa tare da matsakaicin 139 a kowace shekara. Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi na iya shafar jihar, ko dai daga Tekun Mexico ko kuma daga hanyar ƙasa da ta samo asali a gabashin Tekun Pacific. Wadanda suka fito daga Tekun Mexico sun fi iya kai hari kan iyakar Texas fiye da sauran wurare. Ambaliyar ruwa mai mahimmanci ta faru a duk faɗin jihar a cikin tarihi, daga guguwa na wurare masu zafi da kuma yanayin da ya tsaya.

Halaye ta yankin

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Yankin Arewa

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Yanayin zafi na yau da kullun (°F) don biranen Arewacin Filayen[3]
Birni Jan Fabrairu Tekun Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Aug Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba
Abilene 55/32 61/37 69/44 77/52 85/61 91/69 95/72 94/71 87/64 78/54 65/42 57/34
Yellow 49/23 54/27 62/34 71/42 79/52 87/61 91/65 89/64 82/56 72/45 58/32 50/24
Lubbock 52/24 58/29 66/36 75/45 83/56 90/64 92/68 90/66 83/58 74/47 62/35 53/26
Midland 60/29 66/34 74/41 82/48 89/58 94/65 96/68 94/67 88/61 80/51 68/39 61/31
San Angelo 58/29 63/34 71/42 79/50 86/59 91/66 95/70 94/68 88/63 79/51 67/39 59/31
Wichita Falls 52/29 58/34 67/41 76/49 84/59 92/68 97/72 96/71 88/64 77/52 64/40 54/31

Yanayin Arewacin Filayen yana da tsaka-tsaki kuma yana da saurin fari, a kowace shekara yana karɓar tsakanin inci 16 zuwa 32 °F (0 °C) (410 da 810 na hazo, da kuma matsakaicin dusar ƙanƙara na shekara-shekara tsakanin inci 15 zuwa 30 (380 da 760 , tare da mafi girman dusar ƙara da ke faruwa a cikin Texas panhandle da yankunan kusa da iyakar da New Mexico. A lokacin rani, wannan yanki na jihar yana ganin kwanakin da suka fi haske.[4] Dare na hunturu yawanci suna ganin yanayin zafi ya faɗi ƙasa da alamar daskarewa, ko 32 ° F (0 ° C). Watanni mafi zafi na shekara sune Afrilu da Mayu. Guguwa, wanda ya haifar da haɗuwa da iskõki na yamma da na kudu a ƙarshen bazara, ya zama ruwan dare, yana mai da yankin wani ɓangare na Tornado Alley.[5] Rashin kula da ƙasa, fari, da saurin iska mai ƙarfi na iya haifar da manyan guguwar ƙura, an rage su a zamanin yau ta hanyar inganta ayyukan kula da ƙasa. [6] Yankin panhandle, mafi nisa daga Tekun Mexico, yana fuskantar hunturu mai sanyi fiye da sauran yankuna na Texas, inda fashewar hunturu na Arctic na iya haifar da yanayin zafi ya nutse zuwa ƙasa da daskarewa kuma ya kawo yanayin dusar ƙanƙara.[7]

Yankin Trans Pecos

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Yankin Trans-Pecos, wanda aka fi sani da Big Bend Country, yana cikin yammacin tsakiya da yammacin sassan jihar, wanda ya kunshi hamada Chihuahuan da tsaunuka masu nisa. A lokacin kaka, hunturu, da bazara, yana fuskantar kwanakin da suka fi dacewa a duk fadin jihar.[4] Har ila yau, shine mafi bushewa yana karɓar matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara na inci 16 kawai (410 ko ƙasa da haka. Snowfall yana da wuya a ƙananan tsaunuka, kodayake tsaunuka mafi girma suna da saurin dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa a lokacin hunturu. Yanayin busasshiyar yanayi shine babban dalilin da ya sa ƙasar ta zama hamada, amma yawan kiwo yana saurin fadada yankin ƙasar wannan hamada. A cikin tsaunuka mutum na iya ganin gandun daji a cikin yanayin da ya fi dacewa. Watanni mafi zafi a wannan yankin suna faruwa a lokacin rani. Ana ƙarfafa iskõki yayin da aka tilasta musu turawa ta cikin canyons da kwari. A cikin yankunan da suka fi dacewa ana girbe waɗannan iskõki zuwa wutar lantarki mai amfani.Yankunan kasa da kasa da ke da irin wannan yanayi: Iraki; Iran; yankin Sahel a Afirka

Climate data for {{{location}}}
Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara
[Ana bukatan hujja]
Yanayin zafi na yau da kullun (°F) don biranen Hill Country[3]
Birni Jan Fabrairu Tekun Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Aug Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba
Austin 60/40 65/44 73/51 79/58 85/65 91/71 95/73 96/73 90/69 81/60 70/49 62/42
San Antonio 62/39 67/43 74/50 80/57 86/66 91/72 95/74 95/74 90/69 82/59 71/49 64/41
Waco 57/33 62/38 70/46 78/53 84/63 91/70 96/74 96/73 90/66 79/57 68/45 59/36

Ƙasar Texas Hill Country, ko tsakiyar Texas an siffata ta da yawancin koguna da tsaunuka.  Yanayin yana da ƙarancin bushewa a yammacin Brady ta hanyar Junction zuwa Rocksprings, amma yana da ƙarancin zafi gabas da kudu na wannan yanki;  yankunan biyu suna da lokacin zafi da sanyi mai sanyi tare da sanyi lokaci-lokaci.  Danshi yana da yawa a lokacin zafi, kodayake da yamma musamman arewa maso yamma na iya ganin motsin iska da bushewar iska kafin iskar Gulf ta dawo bayan faɗuwar rana.  Tsire-tsire duka suna da koren ganye da kuma shuɗi a cikin kwaruruka na kogin, da kuma coniferous inda akwai girma mafi girma.  Busassun savannas, buɗaɗɗen ciyayi, da gajerun ciyawa sun mamaye arewa maso yamma, yayin da rufaffiyar bishiyoyi da ciyayi masu ɗanɗano suna haɗuwa da dogayen ciyawa a gabas da kudu.  A cikin shekara guda yankin na iya samun hazo har zuwa inci 48 (1,200 mm) na hazo, kuma ambaliya ta zama ruwan dare a kusa da koguna da kuma wuraren da ba a kwance ba, yayin da shekarun bushewa na iya samun inci 12 kawai (300 mm) na hazo;  matsakaicin hazo na shekara-shekara daga inci 21 (530 mm) a sassan yamma har zuwa inci 35 (890 mm) a kudu maso gabas.  Mafi yawan watanni na shekara shine Afrilu da Mayu..

Yankunan kasa da kasa da ke da irin wannan yanayi: Isra'ila; Lebanon

Piney Woods

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Page 'Climate change in Texas' not found
Yanayin zafi na yau da kullun (°F) don wurare daban-daban na Piney Woods[3]
Birni Jan Fabrairu Tekun Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Aug Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba
Dallas 55/36 61/41 69/49 77/56 84/65 92/73 96/77 96/76 89/69 79/58 66/47 57/39
Fort Worth 55/31 61/36 68/44 76/52 83/61 91/69 97/72 96/72 89/65 79/55 67/44 58/35
Galveston 62/50 64/52 70/58 75/65 81/72 87/78 89/80 89/79 87/76 80/68 71/59 64/52
Houston 63/45 67/48 74/55 79/61 86/68 91/74 94/75 93/75 89/72 82/62 73/53 65/47
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Arthur 61/43 65/46 72/52 78/59 84/66 89/72 92/74 92/73 88/69 80/60 71/51 64/45

Piney Woods yanki ne na gabashin Texas kuma yana cikin yankin yanayi mai zafi. Yana samun mafi yawan ruwan sama; fiye da inci 60 (1,500 a kowace shekara a gabas mai nisa.[8] Wannan ya faru ne saboda raƙuman ruwa da ke ɗaukar iska mai laushi zuwa yankin, inda yake kwantar da hankali kuma yana fitowa a kusa da iska ta teku da kuma lokacin da guguwar extratropical ke wucewa. Duk da yake sassan bakin teku suna ganin kwanakin da suka fi hazo a duk fadin jihar da kuma shekara-shekara, sassan arewa suna ganin kwanakin mafi haske a lokacin rani.[4] Watanni mafi zafi na shekara sune Afrilu da Mayu. Yankin yana fuskantar tsawa mai tsanani da guguwa lokacin da yanayin da ya dace ya kasance, gabaɗaya a lokacin bazara. Guguwa kuma ta mamaye yankin, mafi muni daga cikinsu shine Guguwar Galveston ta 1900. [9] Kwanan nan Guguwar Rita ta mamaye Golden Triangle na kudu maso gabashin Texas.[10] Mafi girman zafi na yankin yana ƙara jin zafi a lokacin bazara.  A lokacin hunturu da bazara tare da bakin tekun nan da nan, ana kiyaye yanayin sanyi ta wurin ruwan gulf mai sanyi.  Hazo mai yawa na iya tasowa lokacin da iska mai zafi ke motsawa akan ruwan sanyi a cikin watan Fabrairu da Maris, yana dakatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa na kwanaki.

Yankunan kasa da kasa tare da irin wannan yanayi: Taiwan; Philippines; yawancin sassan kudancin Queensland, AustraliaOstiraliya

Yanayin zafi na yau da kullun (°F) ga biranen kudancin Texas[3]
Birni Jan Fabrairu Tekun Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Aug Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba
Brownsville 69/50 72/53 78/59 82/65 87/72 91/75 92/75 93/75 89/73 84/66 77/59 70/52
Corpus Christi 66/46 70/49 76/56 81/62 86/69 90/74 93/74 93/75 90/72 84/64 75/55 68/48
Del Rio 63/40 68/44 76/52 83/59 89/67 94/72 96/74 96/74 91/69 82/61 71/49 63/41
Laredo 68/44 73/48 82/56 89/63 95/70 100/74 102/75 99/75 93/71 86/63 76/53 68/45
Victoria 63/44 67/47 73/54 79/60 85/68 90/73 93/75 94/75 90/70 83/62 73/52 65/45

Yankin Kudancin Texas ya haɗa da ƙasar ranch mai tsaka-tsaki da kuma Rio Grande Valley (Texas)">Kwarin Rio Grande. An yi la'akari da shi a matsayin kudancin kudancin yankin Great Plains na Amurka, yankin cikin gida yana da ruwan sama wanda yayi kama da na Arewacin Plains. Yankunan bakin teku kusan suna da dumi a mafi yawan shekara saboda raƙuman ruwa na Tekun Mexico. Lokacin bazara yana da zafi da zafi. Ruwan sama a yankin bakin teku ya fi yawa fiye da yankin cikin gida, kuma gandun daji na subtropical suna kan hanyar Rio Grande. Watanni mafi zafi na shekara shine Afrilu da Mayu a yankunan yamma, amma kusanci da Tekun Gulf, Satumba ya zama watan da ya fi ruwan sama a matsakaici. Wannan ya faru ne saboda barazanar da ke faruwa daga tsarin yanayi na wurare masu zafi, gami da guguwa, wanda zai iya kawo ruwan sama mai yawa na inci 5 zuwa 10 (130 zuwa 250 a cikin kwana ɗaya ko biyu. Sakamakon watan Satumba na watan Satumba yana da yawa, alal misali, a Corpus Christi, South Padre Island da Brownsville. A cikin ƙasa, inda ya fi bushewa, ranches sun mamaye wuri mai faɗi, wanda ke da ƙwayoyin ƙaya da ciyawa. Lokacin hunturu a yankin cikin gida yana da bambanci, amma yawanci mai sauƙi zuwa dumi, tare da dusar ƙanƙara yana da matukar wuya. Lokacin bazara galibi yana da zafi kuma ya bushe, amma a wasu lokuta yana iya zama mai laushi lokacin da iskõki suka fito daga Tekun Mexico. Guguwa na iya faruwa a wannan yankin, amma ba su da yawa fiye da sauran sassan jihar. Yankunan kudancin jihar suna kusa da yanayin savanna na makwabta Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Yankunan kasa da kasa tare da irin wannan yanayi: sassan arewacin Australia; yawancin Madhya Pradesh, Indiya; arewacin Thailand

Rashin sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara

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2004 Kirsimeti Kirsimeti Snowstorm a Kudancin Texas

Yankunan arewa da yammacin jihar suna da dusar ƙanƙara a kowace shekara saboda yawan karatunsu a kowane hunturu. A cikin mako guda a watan Fabrairun 1956, guguwar dusar ƙanƙara ta tarihi ta buge arewacin Texas. Matsakaicin adadin da aka auna ya kasance inci 61 (150 a Vega tare da Plainview karɓar inci 24 (61 a rana ɗaya. El Paso, a Far West Texas, ya sami 22.4 in (57 na dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin sa'o'i 24 Disamba 13-14, 1987.[11] Ga sassan tsakiya da kudanci, dusar ƙanƙara ta fi ban mamaki. A watan Fabrairun shekara ta 1895, wani babban yanki na kudu maso gabashin Texas ya karbi sama da inci 12 (30 na dusar ƙanƙara, tare da adadi mafi girma kusa da inci 30 (76 a Port Arthur . [12] Kwanan nan a kusa da Kirsimeti na shekara ta 2004, har zuwa inci 13 (33 cm) na dusar ƙanƙara ya faɗi tare da gabar teku ta tsakiya, tare da matsakaicin da ke faruwa a Victoria.[13] 

Ɗaya daga cikin mafi munin sanyi da ya faru a duk fadin jihar ya faru a cikin rabin watan Disamba a 1983, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar 13 a cikin jihar da 151 a cikin ƙasa.[14] Tashoshin huɗu sun rubuta karatun su mafi tsawo a ko ƙasa da 32 °F (0 °C) ° F (0 ° C) a rikodin. Lubbock ya ga yanayin zafi a ko ƙasa da daskarewa na kwanaki 9 (sa'o'i 207). Filin jirgin saman Dallas-Fort Worth ya auna yanayin zafi a ko ƙasa da daskarewa na jimlar sa'o'i 296 a jere (kwana 12). Snow wanda ya fadi a ranar 14 da 15 ga watan Disamba a fadin arewacin Texas ya kasance a ƙasa har zuwa ranar Sabuwar Shekara ta 1984.   

Fabrairu 2021 wani rikodin sanyi ne. A Austin, zafin jiki ya kasance a ko ƙasa da daskarewa na kwanaki 7 (sa'o'i 168). A Abilene, lokacin a ko ƙasa da daskarewa ya kai kwanaki 10 (sa'o'i 252). Yankin Texas ta Tsakiya, gami da Waco, Bryan, da Killeen, sun kafa sabon rikodin tare da kwanaki 9 (sa'o'i 205) a ko ƙasa da daskarewa. San Angelo ya jimre kwanaki 6 (sa'o'i 152) a ko ƙasa da yanayin sanyi.[15] Saboda rashin isasshen ƙarfin ababen more rayuwa, yanayin sanyi ya haifar da karancin wutar lantarki a duk fadin jihar, wanda ya haifar da ƙarancin abinci, ruwa, da zafi, da mutuwar daruruwan mutane.

Yanayi mai tsanani

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Hadari ya zama ruwan dare a Texas, musamman a gabashin da arewacin yankin. Texas na daga cikin sashin Tornado Alley na kasar. Jihar tana fuskantar mafi yawan guguwa a cikin Tarayyar, matsakaicin 139 a shekara. Wadannan sun fi yawa a Arewacin Texas da Panhandle.[5] Guguwa a Texas yawanci suna faruwa a watan Afrilu, Mayu, da Yuni.

Guguwa

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Matsayin Texas a arewa maso yammacin Tekun Mexico ya sa ya kasance mai saukin kamuwa da guguwa. Wasu daga cikin guguwa mafi muni a tarihin Amurka sun shafi Texas. wani guguwa a cikin 1875 ya kashe kusan mutane 400 a Indianola, sannan wani guguwa ya biyo baya a cikin 1886 wanda ya lalata garin, wanda a lokacin shine mafi mahimmancin tashar jiragen ruwa a jihar. Wannan ya ba da damar Galveston ta zama babban tashar jiragen ruwa, amma guguwa ta lalata shi a cikin 1900 wanda ya kashe kusan mutane 8,000 (watakila kusan 12,000), yana mai da shi bala'in halitta mafi muni a tarihin Amurka. Sauran guguwar Texas sun hada da Guguwar Galveston ta 1915, Guguwar Carla a 1961, Guguwar Beulah a 1967, Guguwar Alicia a 1983, Guguwar Rita a 2005, Guguwar Ike a 2008 da Guguwar Harvey a 2017.[16]

Yanayin yanayi na inda guguwar guguwa ta wurare masu zafi ta fi dacewa a cikin jihar ya bayyana yana canzawa. A farkon shekarun 1980s, yankin da aka fi so a cikin karni na baya shine tsakiyar bakin teku. Koyaya, wannan yankin na bakin tekun ba shi da tasiri tun daga shekarun 1960, kuma binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa wuri mafi haɗari ga guguwar guguwa ta wurare masu zafi tun 1851 shine bakin tekun sama, wanda ya sami kashi 56 cikin 100 na duk guguwar wurare masu zafi, wanda kashi 66 cikin 100 ya samo asali ne daga Tekun Mexico. Wannan ya bambanta da Louisiana da ƙananan tekun Texas, inda kashi 39 cikin dari na faduwar ƙasa kawai daga guguwa masu zafi na asalin Gulf of Mexico.[17]  

Ambaliyar ruwa

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Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a fadin Texas

Babban barazanar guguwa ta wurare masu zafi ga Texans shine daga ambaliyar ruwa. Mafi munin al'amari game da guguwa na wurare masu zafi shine cewa mafi rauni su, mafi inganci su kasance a samar da ruwan sama mai tsanani da ambaliyar ruwa. Tsarin da ke da yaduwar yaduwa, kamar Guguwar Beulah, suma suna yin ruwan sama mai kyau.[18] Tsarin motsi mai saurin gudu, irin su Tropical Storm Amelia (1978) da Hurricane Harvey (2017) na iya samar da ruwan sama mai yawa.[19] Guguwa ta wurare masu zafi daga gabashin Pacific da Atlantic Basins na iya tasiri ga Jihar Lone Star.[20] Gabaɗaya, ambaliyar ruwa a duk faɗin Texas ta fi yawa a lokacin bazara da farkon watanni na kaka, kuma yana iya zama saboda guguwa da ke kusa da su da ke hulɗa tare da guguwa mai ƙarfi.[21] Wurin da ya fi dacewa da ambaliyar ruwa a duk fadin jihar shine Balcones Escarpment, wani yanki mai tsawo a tsakiyar Texas a kan iyaka tsakanin Edwards Plateau da filin bakin teku.

Yanayin zafi mai tsanani

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Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka auna a Texas shine 120 °F (48.9 °C), wanda aka yi rikodin ranar 12 ga Agusta, 1936 a Seymour, a lokacin 1936 North American Heatwave, kuma a ranar 28 ga Yuni, 1994 a Monahans.  Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki da aka auna a Texas shine -23 °F (-30.6 °C), wanda aka yi rikodin ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 1933 a Seminole

El Niño-Kudancin Oscillation

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Zagayowar El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) babban tasiri ne akan yanayi a Texas.  A lokacin El Niño, rafin jet yana yamma zuwa gabas a fadin kudancin Amurka.  Sabili da haka, lokacin sanyi a Texas ya fi sanyi kuma yana karɓar dusar ƙanƙara fiye da na al'ada.  Texas ba ta da yuwuwar yin tasiri da guguwa saboda karuwar iskar da ake yi a tekun Atlantika.  Lokacin bazara zuwa farkon lokacin rani ana samun karuwar ruwan sama musamman a inda tsarin tsarin danniya ya kasance a kan yankin kusurwa hudu ko arewacin Mexico wanda ke haifar da yanayi mai kama da damina (wanda ya kara tsananta a lokacin bazara na 2015 da 2016 inda birnin Houston ya kasance mafi wahala kamar dai yanayin ya kasance kama da Mumbai ko Kolkata, Indiya tare da ruwan sama mai yawa yawanci daga danshi daga Gulf of Mexico).  A lokacin akasin lokaci, La Niña, rafin jet yana da nisa zuwa arewa, saboda haka hunturu ya fi sauƙi kuma ya bushe fiye da na al'ada.  Guguwa na iya yin tasiri a Texas a lokacin La Niña saboda raguwar iska a Tekun Atlantika.  Fari a Texas sun fi yuwuwa a lokacin La Niña.  La Niña na 2010-11 galibi shine laifin daya daga cikin mafi munin fari a tarihin Texas.  [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need][ana buƙatar hujja]

Canjin yanayi

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Page 'Climate change in Texas' not found

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/hausa/labarai-56107180.amp?amp_gsa=1&amp_js_v=a9&usqp=mq331AQIUAKwASCAAgM%3D#amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&aoh=17536070414384&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com
  2. ↑ John W. Nielsen-Gammon (December 12, 2008). "Chapter 2. The Changing Climate of Texas" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 9, 2025. Retrieved July 25, 2025.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Weather Trends for Texas|Texas Weather for Tourists and Locals Too". Archived from the original on August 2, 2009. Retrieved 2009-03-07.
  4. 1 2 3 Texas Renewable Energy Resource Assessment. "Chapter 2: Texas Climate". pp. 2–9.
  5. 1 2 National Climatic Data Center (2005). "Average Number of Tornadoes, 1953-2004". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved October 24, 2006.
  6. ↑ "The American Experience: Surviving The Dust Bowl: People & Events: The Drought". PBS. Archived from the original on February 21, 2009. Retrieved December 29, 2008.
  7. ↑ Texas Renewable Energy Resource Assessment. "Chapter 2: Texas Climate". pp. 2–6.
  8. ↑ "Mauriceville, Texas Travel Weather (Averages)". Weatherbase. Archived from the original on August 17, 2013. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  9. ↑ Eric S. Blake; Edward N. Rappaport; Christopher W. Landsea (2007). "The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones From 1851 to 2006" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 23, 2007.
  10. ↑ Richard D. Knabb; Daniel P. Brown; Jamie R. Rhome. [[[:Samfuri:NHC TCR url]] "Hurricane Rita"] Check |url= value (help) (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved June 26, 2007.
  11. ↑ National Weather Service Forecast Office, El Paso, Texas. "All time heavy snowfall events for El Paso". National Weather Service.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ↑ National Weather Service Forecast Office, Lake Charles, Louisiana (2010). "Snow Climatology for Southeast Texas & Southwest Louisiana: All Measurable Snowfalls (1895-2010)". National Weather Service Southern Region Headquarters. Missing or empty |url= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  13. ↑ National Weather Service Forecast Office, Houston/Galveston, Texas (December 25, 2004). "Public Information Statement". National Weather Service Southern Region Headquarters. Archived from the original on December 12, 2006. Retrieved December 1, 2006.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ↑ National Weather Service. "Reported Deaths Attributed to Extreme Cold, December 15-31, 1983".
  15. ↑ "Texas cities that set new records for longest stretch below freezing this week". KMGH (in Turanci). 2021-02-19. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  16. ↑ Eric S. Blake, Edward N. Rappaport, Christopher W. Landsea (April 15, 2007). "The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States Tropical Cyclones From 1851 to 2006" (PDF). National Weather Service: National Hurricane Center. Retrieved October 2, 2008.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ↑ Tanveerul Islam; William Merrell; William Seitz; Robert Harriss (November 2009). "Origin, Distribution, and Timing of Texas Hurricanes: 1851–2006". Natural Hazards Review. 10 (4): 137–138. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2009)10:4(136).
  18. ↑ David M. Roth (January 17, 2010). "Texas Hurricane History" (PDF). Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. p. 5. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
  19. ↑ David M. Roth (June 20, 2007). "Tropical Storm Amelia (1978) Rainfall Page". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved March 5, 2008.
  20. ↑ David M. Roth (2010). "Tropical cyclones affecting the Gulf Coast". Hydrometeorological Prediction Center. Retrieved March 7, 2008.
  21. ↑ Earth Observatory (April 9, 2004). "Intense Rains Flood Mexico and Texas". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
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