Yanayin ci gaba
 Yanayin ci gaba | |
|---|---|
branch of geography (en)  | |
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | Yanayin ɗan adam |
Yanayin ci gaba reshe ne na Yanayin ƙasa wanda ke nufin yanayin rayuwa da ingancin rayuwa mazaunanta. A cikin wannan mahallin, ci gaba tsari ne na canji wanda ke shafar rayuwar mutane. Yana iya haɗawa da ingantaccen ingancin rayuwa kamar yadda mutanen da ke fuskantar canji suka fahimta. Koyaya, ci gaba ba koyaushe tsari ne mai kyau ba. Gunder Frank ya yi sharhi game da karfin tattalin arzikin duniya wanda ke haifar da ci gaban rashin ci gaba. Wannan an rufe shi a cikin ka'idar dogaro.[1]
A cikin yanayin ci gaba, masu ilimin ƙasa suna nazarin tsarin sararin samaniya a ci gaba. Suna ƙoƙari su gano ta hanyar waɗanne halaye za su iya auna ci gaba ta hanyar kallon abubuwan tattalin arziki, siyasa da zamantakewa. Suna neman fahimtar abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙasa da kuma Sakamakon ci gaba daban-daban. Nazarin ya kwatanta Kasashen da suka ci gaba da tattalin arziki (MEDCs) tare da Kasashen da ba su da Tattalan Arziki (LEDCs). Bugu da ƙari ana kallon bambance-bambance a cikin ƙasashe kamar bambance-mbance tsakanin arewa da kudancin Italiya, Mezzogiorno .
Alamun ƙididdiga
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Alamun ƙididdiga sune alamun lambobi na ci gaba. Alamun tattalin arziki sun haɗa da GNP (Gross National Product) ga kowane mutum, yawan rashin aikin yi, Amfani da makamashi da kashi na GNP a masana'antu na farko. Daga cikin wadannan, GNP na kowane mutum shine mafi yawan amfani yayin da yake auna darajar duk kayayyaki da aiyuka da aka samar a cikin ƙasa, ban da waɗanda kamfanonin kasashen waje suka samar, don haka auna ci gaban tattalin arziki da masana'antu na ƙasar. Koyaya, amfani da GNP ga kowane mutum yana da matsaloli da yawa.
Misali, GNP na kowane mutum ba ya la'akari da rarraba kuɗin wanda sau da yawa zai iya zama ba daidai ba kamar a cikin Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa inda masu arziki suka tattara kuɗin mai kuma bai gudana zuwa yawancin ƙasar ba.
Sauran alamomi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Alamun zamantakewa gabaɗaya sun haɗa da samun ruwa mai tsabta da tsaftacewa (wanda ke nuna matakin ababen more rayuwa da aka haɓaka a cikin ƙasar) da kuma yawan karatun manya, auna albarkatun da gwamnati ke da su don biyan bukatun mutane. Alamun yawan jama'a sun haɗa da yawan haihuwa, yawan mutuwar da yawan haihuwa. Wannan yana nuna matakin Masana'antu.
Alamun kiwon lafiya (wani ɓangaren alamun yawan jama'a) sun haɗa da Abinci mai gina jiki (kalori a kowace rana, adadin kuzari daga furotin, kashi na yawan mutanen da ke fama da rashin abinci mai ginafi), Mutuwar jarirai, tsammanin rayuwa, da yawan jama'ar kowane likita, wanda ke nuna kasancewar wuraren kiwon lafiya da tsabta a cikin ƙasa.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Singer, Merrill (2008). "Drugs and development: The global impact of drug use and trafficking on social and economic development". International Journal of Drug Policy. 19 (6): 467–478. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.12.007. PMID 19038724.