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Yanayin sanyi da zafi a cikin mutane

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Yanayin sanyi da zafi a cikin mutane
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na Cold and heat adaptations (en) Fassara

Sauye-sauyen sanyi da zafi a cikin mutane wani bangare ne na sauƙin daidaitawa na Homo sapiens. Daidaitawa a cikin mutane na iya zama na jiki, kwayar halitta, ko al'adu, wanda ke ba mutane damar rayuwa a cikin yanayi daban-daban. An yi bincike mai yawa game da daidaitawar ci gaba, daidaitawa, da ayyukan al'adu, amma ƙananan bincike game da daidaitawa na kwayoyin halitta zuwa yanayin yanayi da zafi.

Asalin sanyi da daidaitawar zafi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mutanen zamani sun fito ne daga Afirka kimanin shekaru 70,000 da suka gabata a lokacin yanayi mara daidaituwa, wanda ya haifar da sababbin halaye daban-daban tsakanin jama'a.[1][2] Lokacin da mutane na zamani suka bazu zuwa Turai, sun fi Neanderthals. Masu bincike sun yi la'akari da cewa wannan yana nuna cewa mutane na zamani na farko sun fi dacewa da juyin halitta don rayuwa a yanayi daban-daban.[3] Wannan yana goyan bayan ra'ayi na zaɓin bambancin da Richard Potts ya gabatar, wanda ya ce sauƙin ɗan adam ya fito ne daga canjin muhalli na dogon lokaci.[4]

Dokokin yanayin muhalli

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Rashin jiki na zaɓaɓɓun rukunin mutane na zamani dangane da zafin jiki. Matsakaicin ma'auni na tsawon tibia / femur (ma'auni mai ma'ana).

Dokar Bergmann ta bayyana cewa nau'ikan dabbobi masu zafi da ke zaune a yanayin sanyi suna da jiki mafi girma fiye da na nau'ikan da ke zaune cikin yanayin zafi.[5] Mutanen da ke da manyan jikuna sun fi dacewa da yanayin sanyi saboda manyan jikuna suna samar da karin zafi saboda samun ƙarin sel, kuma suna da karamin yanki zuwa girman rabo idan aka kwatanta da ƙananan mutane, wanda ke rage asarar zafi. Binciken da Frederick Foster da Mark Collard suka yi ya gano cewa ana iya amfani da mulkin Bergmann ga mutane lokacin da latitude da zafin jiki tsakanin kungiyoyi suka bambanta sosai.[6]

Rashin sanyi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Jikin mutum yana da hanyoyi biyu na thermogenesis, wanda ke samar da zafi don kula da yanayin zafi na jiki. Na farko yana girgiza, wanda ke faruwa a cikin mutumin da ba shi da tufafi lokacin da yanayin iska ke ƙasa da 25 °C (77 °F) ° C (77 ° F) [dubious - tattauna] . Yana iya iyakance ta yawan glycogen da ke cikin jiki.[7] Na biyu ba shi da girgizar ƙasa, wanda ke faruwa a cikin ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin launin ruwan kasa da tsokoki na kwarangwal.[8][9]

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Krajick, Kevin (2017-10-05). "Ancient Humans Left Africa to Escape Drying Climate, Says Study". State of the Planet. Columbia University. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  2. ↑ Daanen, Hein A. M.; Lichtenbelt, Wouter D. Van Marken (2016-01-02). "Human whole body cold adaptation". Temperature. 3 (1): 104–18. doi:10.1080/23328940.2015.1135688. ISSN 2332-8940. PMC 4861193. PMID 27227100.
  3. ↑ Rae, Todd C.; Koppe, Thomas; Stringer, Chris (February 2011). "The Neanderthal face is not cold adapted". Journal of Human Evolution. 60 (2): 234–239. Bibcode:2011JHumE..60..234R. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.10.003. PMID 21183202.
  4. ↑ Potts, Richard (1998-01-01). "Environmental hypotheses of hominin evolution". American Journal of Physical Anthropology (in Turanci). 107 (S27): 93–136. doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-8644(1998)107:27+<93::aid-ajpa5>3.0.co;2-x. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 9881524.
  5. ↑ Krajick, Kevin (2017-10-05). "Ancient Humans Left Africa to Escape Drying Climate, Says Study". State of the Planet. Columbia University. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  6. ↑ Daley, Jason. "Climate Change Likely Iced Neanderthals Out Of Existence". Smithsonian Magazine. Smithsonian. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
  7. ↑ Daanen, Hein A. M.; Lichtenbelt, Wouter D. Van Marken (2016-01-02). "Human whole body cold adaptation". Temperature. 3 (1): 104–18. doi:10.1080/23328940.2015.1135688. ISSN 2332-8940. PMC 4861193. PMID 27227100.
  8. ↑ Kaciuba-Uscilko, Hannah; Greenleaf, John (April 1, 1989). "Acclimatization to cold in humans" (PDF). United States. Retrieved 2016-12-15. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ↑ Krajick, Kevin (2017-10-05). "Ancient Humans Left Africa to Escape Drying Climate, Says Study". State of the Planet. Columbia University. Retrieved 4 December 2018.
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