Yanayin teku

Yanayin teku
	category in the Köppen climate classification systems (en)

Yankin teku ko Yanayin teku, wanda kuma ake kira yanayin teku, yana da tsawo da ƙasa a kan teku, kama da tuddai da kwari na ƙasar duniya da aka nuna a kan taswirar taswirar. Wadannan bambance-bambance ana bayyana su dangane da matsakaicin tsawo na teku (SSH) dangane da geoid na Duniya. Babban manufar auna yanayin teku shine fahimtar yaduwar teku mai girma.

Bambancin lokaci

Unveraged ko nan take teku tsawo (SSH) ya fi shafar da tidal forces na 1 metre (3 ft) da kuma yanayi na Rana da aiki a Duniya. A kan lokutan da suka fi shekara guda, alamu a cikin SSH na iya rinjayar yaduwar teku. Yawanci, anomalies na SSH wanda ya haifar da waɗannan dakarun ya bambanta da matsakaici da ƙasa da ±1 a sikelin duniya.^[1] Sauran tasirin sun haɗa da canza yanayin zafin jiki na shekara-shekara, salinity, raƙuman ruwa, raƙuma da iskõki. Za'a iya auna yanayin teku tare da daidaito da daidaito a yanki zuwa sikelin duniya ta hanyar tauraron dan adam (misali TOPEX / Poseidon).

Bambance-bambance masu jinkiri da girma sun faru ne saboda canje-canje a cikin filin nauyi na Duniya (geoid) saboda narkewar kankara, sake tsara nahiyoyi, samar da tsaunuka na teku da sauran sake rarraba dutse. Ana iya amfani da haɗuwa da ƙarfin tauraron dan adam (misali GRACE da GRACE-FO) tare da altimetry don ƙayyade hauhawar matakin teku da kaddarorin kamar abubuwan zafi na teku.^[2]^[3]

Aikace-aikacen

Ana amfani da yanayin teku don tsara taswirar ruwan teku, wanda ke motsawa a kusa da "dutse" da "kwari" na teku a hanyoyin da za a iya hangowa. Ana samun ma'anar juyawa a gefen agogo a kusa da "dutse" a arewacin arewa da "kwari" a kudancin kudu. Wannan saboda Tasirin Coriolis ne. Sabanin haka, ana samun ma'anar juyawa a kusa da "kwari" a arewacin arewa da "dutse" a kudancin kudu.^[4]

Hakanan ana amfani da yanayi teku don fahimtar yadda teku ke motsa zafi a duniya, wani muhimmin bangare na yanayin duniya, da kuma sa ido kan canje-canje a matakin teku na duniya. Tarin bayanan yana da amfani ga bayanai na dogon lokaci game da teku da hanyoyinta. A cewar kimiyyar NASA ana iya amfani da wannan bayanan don samar da fahimtar yanayi, yanayi, kewayawa, gudanar da kamun kifi, da ayyukan bakin teku. Ana amfani da abubuwan lura da aka yi game da bayanan don nazarin hawan teku, yaduwa, da adadin zafi da teku ke ciki. Wadannan abubuwan lura na iya taimakawa wajen hango hasashen tasirin gajeren lokaci da na dogon lokaci na yanayi da yanayin duniya a tsawon lokaci.

Aunawa

Ana lissafin tsawo na teku (SSH) ta hanyar tauraron dan adam na altimetry ta amfani da ellipsoid a matsayin ma'auni, ^[5] wanda ke ƙayyade nesa daga tauraron dan Adam zuwa wani wuri mai manufa ta hanyar auna lokacin tafiyar tauraron dan kasa zuwa ƙasa na bugun radar.^[6] Sa'an nan kuma tauraron dan adam suna auna nisan tsakanin tsayin da suke da shi da kuma saman ruwa. Saboda bambancin zurfin teku, ana yin kusanci. Wannan yana ba da damar ɗaukar bayanai daidai saboda matakin farfajiyar. Dole ne a lissafa tsawo na tauraron dan adam dangane da ellipsoid. Ana lissafa shi ta amfani da sigogi na tauraron dan adam da kayan aiki daban-daban. Koyaya, ellipsoid ba wani yanki ne na ma'auni na filin nauyi na Duniya ba, don haka dole ne a yi amfani da ma'aunin zuwa wani yanki wanda ke wakiltar kwararar ruwa, a wannan yanayin geoid. Canje-canje tsakanin tsawo na lissafi (ellipsoid) da tsawo na orthometric (geoid) ana yin su ne daga samfurin geoidal. Tsawon saman teku shine bambancin tsakanin tsawo na tauraron dan adam dangane da ma'anar ellipsoid da kewayon altimeter. Satellite yana aika da microwave pulses zuwa saman teku. Lokacin tafiye-tafiye na bugun da ke hawa zuwa saman teku da baya yana ba da bayanai game da tsawo na teku. A cikin hoton da ke ƙasa za ku iya ganin tsarin aunawa ta amfani da tauraron dan adam Jason-1.

Ayyukan tauraron dan adam

A halin yanzu akwai tauraron dan adam daban-daban guda tara da ke lissafin yanayin teku na duniya, Cryosat-2, SARAL, Jason-3, Sentinel-3A da Sentinel-3, CFOSat, HY-2B da HY-2C, da Sentiner-6 Michael Freilich (wanda ake kira Jason-CS A). Jason-3 da Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich a halin yanzu suna cikin sararin samaniya da ke kewaye da Duniya a cikin juyawa. Suna da kusan kilomita 330 da kewayenta.

Za'a iya samo yanayin saman teku daga ma'auni jirgin ruwa na zafin jiki da salinity a zurfi. Koyaya, tun daga shekara ta 1992, jerin ayyukan tauraron dan adam, wanda ya fara da TOPEX / Poseidon kuma ya ci gaba da Jason-1, Ofishin Jakadancin Ocean Surface a kan tauraron dan Adam Jason-2, Jason-3 kuma yanzu Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich sun auna tsawo na teku kai tsaye. Ta hanyar hada wadannan ma'auni tare da ma'aunin nauyi daga NASA's Grace da ESA's GOCE manufofi, masana kimiyya na iya tantance yanayin teku zuwa cikin 'yan centimeters.

Manazarta

↑ "Sea Surface Height Anomaly". January 2010.
↑ Marti, Florence; Blazquez, Alejandro; Meyssignac, Benoit; Ablain, Michaël; Barnoud, Anne; et al. (2021). "Monitoring the ocean heat content change and the Earth energy imbalance from space altimetry and space gravimetry". Earth System Science Data. doi:10.5194/essd-2021-220.
↑ Hakuba, M.Z.; Frederikse, T.; Landerer, F.W. (28 August 2021). "Earth's Energy Imbalance From the Ocean Perspective (2005–2019)". Geophysical Research Letters. 48 (16). Bibcode:2021GeoRL..4893624H. doi:10.1029/2021GL093624.
↑ "TOPEX/Poseidon on-line tutorial. Part II". Ocean Surface Topography from Space. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2008-09-16.
↑ Jahanmard, Vahidreza; Delpeche-Ellmann, Nicole; Ellmann, Artu (2021-06-01). "Realistic dynamic topography through coupling geoid and hydrodynamic models of the Baltic Sea". Continental Shelf Research (in Turanci). 222: 104421. Bibcode:2021CSR...22204421J. doi:10.1016/j.csr.2021.104421. ISSN 0278-4343. S2CID 233532488 Check |s2cid= value (help).
↑ Glazman, R. E.; Fabrikant, A.; Greysukh, A. (16 May 2007). "Statistics of spatial-temporal variations of sea surface height based on Topex altimeter measurements". International Journal of Remote Sensing. 17 (13): 2647–2666. doi:10.1080/01431169608949097. Archived from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

[1] "Sea Surface Height Anomaly". January 2010.

[2] Marti, Florence; Blazquez, Alejandro; Meyssignac, Benoit; Ablain, Michaël; Barnoud, Anne; et al. (2021). "Monitoring the ocean heat content change and the Earth energy imbalance from space altimetry and space gravimetry". Earth System Science Data. doi:10.5194/essd-2021-220.

[3] Hakuba, M.Z.; Frederikse, T.; Landerer, F.W. (28 August 2021). "Earth's Energy Imbalance From the Ocean Perspective (2005–2019)". Geophysical Research Letters. 48 (16). Bibcode:2021GeoRL..4893624H. doi:10.1029/2021GL093624.

[4] "TOPEX/Poseidon on-line tutorial. Part II". Ocean Surface Topography from Space. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2008-09-16.

[5] Jahanmard, Vahidreza; Delpeche-Ellmann, Nicole; Ellmann, Artu (2021-06-01). "Realistic dynamic topography through coupling geoid and hydrodynamic models of the Baltic Sea". Continental Shelf Research (in Turanci). 222: 104421. Bibcode:2021CSR...22204421J. doi:10.1016/j.csr.2021.104421. ISSN 0278-4343. S2CID 233532488 Check |s2cid= value (help).

[6] Glazman, R. E.; Fabrikant, A.; Greysukh, A. (16 May 2007). "Statistics of spatial-temporal variations of sea surface height based on Topex altimeter measurements". International Journal of Remote Sensing. 17 (13): 2647–2666. doi:10.1080/01431169608949097. Archived from the original on 28 November 2018. Retrieved 28 November 2018.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]