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Yanayin yanayi mafi kyau na Holocene

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.
Yanayin yanayi mafi kyau na Holocene
archaeological period (en) Fassara da canjin yanayi
Bayanai
Bangare na Holocene
Lokacin farawa 7 millennium "BCE"
Lokacin gamawa 3 millennium "BCE"

Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO) Lokacin ne mai dumi a farkon rabin zamanin Holocene, wanda ya faru a cikin kimanin shekaru 9,500 zuwa 5,500 BP, [1] tare da matsakaicin zafi a kusa da shekaru 8000 BP. Har ila yau, an san shi da wasu sunaye da yawa, kamar Altothermal, Climatic Optimum, Holocene Megathermal, Holocene Optimum، Holocene Thermal Maximum, Holocene global thermal maximum, Hypsithermal, da Mid-Holocene Warm Period.

Lokacin zafi ya biyo bayan raguwa a hankali, na kimanin 0.1 zuwa 0.3 ° C a kowace shekara dubu, har zuwa kimanin ƙarni biyu da suka gabata. Koyaya, a kan sikelin shekaru dubu, akwai lokutan zafi na yanki da aka ɗora akan wannan raguwa.[2][3][4] 

  • Don sauran canjin zafin jiki, duba rikodin zafin jiki.
  • Don wasu sauye-sauyen yanayi na baya, duba paleoclimatology .
  • Don Yankin pollen da Lokacin Blytt-Sernander, wanda ke da alaƙa da yanayin yanayi mafi kyau, duba Atlantic (lokaci) .

Tasirin Duniya

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Bambancin zafin jiki a lokacin Holocene daga tarin sake ginawa daban-daban da matsakaicin su. Lokaci na baya-bayan nan yana a dama, amma ana ganin dumama na baya-shekara ne kawai a cikin sakawa.

HCO ya kasance kusan 4.9 °C mai dumi fiye da Last Glacial Maximum. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2020 ya kiyasta cewa matsakaicin zafin jiki na duniya a lokacin mafi zafi na shekaru 200 na HCO, kusan shekaru 6,500 da suka gabata, ya kasance a kusa da 0.7 ° C mai zafi fiye da matsakaicin karni na sha tara AD, nan da nan kafin Juyin Juya Halin Masana'antu, kuma 0.3 ° C ya fi sanyi fiye da matsakaici na 2011-2019.[5] Rahoton IPCC na 2021 ya nuna matsakaicin amincewa cewa yanayin zafi a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata ya fi girma fiye da yadda suke a lokacin Mid-Holocene Warm Period.[6] Ana kwaikwayon yanayin zafi a Arewacin Hemisphere don ya fi zafi fiye da matsakaicin yanzu a lokacin bazara, amma wurare masu zafi da sassa na Kudancin Hemispheric sun fi sanyi fiye da matsakaici.[7] Matsakaicin canjin zafin jiki ya bayyana ya ragu da sauri tare da latitude don haka ba a bayar da rahoton canji a matsakaicin zafin jiki a ƙananan latitudes da matsakaici ba. Reefs na wurare masu zafi suna nuna karuwar zafin jiki na kasa da 1 ° C. Yankin teku na wurare masu zafi a Great Barrier Reef kimanin shekaru 5350 da suka gabata ya kasance 1 °C mai dumi kuma ya wadata a cikin 18O da 0.5 a kowace mil dangi ga ruwan teku na zamani.[8]

Yanayin zafi a lokacin HCO ya fi na yanzu da kusan 6 ° C a Svalbard, kusa da Arewacin Pole.[9] 

Daga shafuka 140 a fadin yammacin Arctic, akwai tabbacin da ya fi zafi fiye da yanzu a shafuka 120. A shafuka 16 waɗanda aka sami ƙididdigar ƙididdiga, yanayin zafi na gida ya kasance a matsakaita 1.6±0.8 °C mafi girma a lokacin mafi kyau fiye da yanzu. Arewa maso yammacin Arewacin Amurka ya kai mafi girman zafi da farko, daga shekaru 11,000 zuwa 9,000 da suka gabata, amma Laurentide Ice Sheet har yanzu yana sanyaya gabashin Kanada. Arewa maso gabashin Arewacin Amurka ya sami zafi mai yawa shekaru 4,000 bayan haka. Tare da Arctic Coastal Plain a Alaska, akwai alamun yanayin zafi na rani 2-3 ° C mai dumi fiye da yanzu.[10] Bincike ya nuna cewa Arctic yana da karancin kankara fiye da yanzu.[11] Greenland Ice Sheet ya ragu, musamman a gefensa.[12] Baya ga kasancewa mai dumi, Arctic Alaska ma ya zama mai laushi.[13]  

Arewa maso yammacin Turai sun sami zafi, amma akwai sanyaya a Kudancin Turai.[14] A kudu maso yammacin Yankin Iberian, gandun daji ya kai mafi girma tsakanin shekaru 9,760 da 7,360 BP sakamakon yawan danshi da yanayin zafi a lokacin HCO.[15] A Tsakiyar Turai, HCO ya kasance lokacin da tasirin mutum a kan muhalli ya fara zama bayyananne a cikin bayanan sedimentological, tare da ɓangaren HCO daga 9,000 zuwa 7,500 BP yana da alaƙa da ƙaramin tasirin ɗan adam da kwanciyar hankali na muhalli, ɓangaren daga 7,500 zuwa 6,300 BP tare da tasirin ɗan adam kawai aka lura a cikin bayanan pollen, kuma ɓangaren bayan 6,300 BP da tasirin ɗan Adam akan muhalli. [16][17]

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ Marcott, Shaun A.; Shakun, Jeremy D.; Clark, Peter U.; Mix, Alan C. (8 March 2013). "A Reconstruction of Regional and Global Temperature for the Past 11,300 Years". Science. 339 (6124): 1198–1201. Bibcode:2013Sci...339.1198M. doi:10.1126/science.1228026. PMID 23471405. S2CID 29665980. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  2. ↑ Revkin, Andrew (22 April 2013). "Study Charts 2,000 Years of Continental Climate Change". New York Times Dot Earth. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  3. ↑ Chandler, David (16 May 2007). "Climate myths: It's been far warmer in the past, what's the big deal?". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 26 December 2021. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  4. ↑ Neukom, R; Steiger, N; Gómez-Navarro, J.J (24 July 2019). "No evidence for globally coherent warm and cold periods over the preindustrial Common Era". Nature. 571 (7766): 550–554. Bibcode:2019Natur.571..550N. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1401-2. PMID 31341300. S2CID 198494930. Archived from the original on 19 June 2024. Retrieved 26 December 2021.
  5. ↑ Kaufman, Darrell; McKay, Nicholas; Routson, Cody; Erb, Michael; Dätwyler, Christoph; Sommer, Philipp S.; Heiri, Oliver; Davis, Basil (30 June 2022). "Holocene global mean surface temperature, a multi-method reconstruction approach". Scientific Data. 7 (1): 201. doi:10.1038/s41597-020-0530-7. PMC 7327079. PMID 32606396.
  6. ↑ (P. ed.). OCLC Péan Check |oclc= value (help). Invalid |url-access=Connors (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)
  7. ↑ Kitoh, Akio; Murakami, Shigenori (2002). "Tropical Pacific climate at the mid-Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum". Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology. 17 (3): 1047. Bibcode:2002PalOc..17.1047K. doi:10.1029/2001PA000724.
  8. ↑ Gagan, Michael K.; Ayliffe, LK; Hopley, D; Cali, JA; Mortimer, GE; Chappell, J; McCulloch, MT; Head, MJ (1998). "Temperature and Surface-Ocean Water Balance of the Mid-Holocene Tropical Western Pacific". Science. 279 (5353): 1014–8. Bibcode:1998Sci...279.1014G. doi:10.1126/science.279.5353.1014. PMID 9461430. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
  9. ↑ Beierlein, Lars; Salvigsen, Otto; Schöne, Bernd R; Mackensen, Andreas; Brey, Thomas (16 April 2015). "The seasonal water temperature cycle in the Arctic Dicksonfjord (Svalbard) during the Holocene Climate Optimum derived from subfossil Arctica islandica shells". The Holocene (in Turanci). 25 (8): 1197–1207. doi:10.1177/0959683615580861. ISSN 0959-6836. S2CID 128781737. Archived from the original on 18 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
  10. ↑ D.S. Kaufman; T.A. Ager; N.J. Anderson; P.M. Anderson; J. T. Andrews; P. J. Bartlein; L. B. Brubaker; L.L. Coats; L. C. Cwynar; M. L. Duvall; A. S. Dyke; M.E. Edwards; W.R. Eisner; K. Gajewski; A. Geirsdottir (2004). "Holocene thermal maximum in the western Arctic (0–180 W)" (PDF). Quaternary Science Reviews. 23 (5–6): 529–560. Bibcode:2004QSRv...23..529K. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.09.007. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-03-02. Retrieved 2019-12-14.
  11. ↑ "NSIDC Arctic Sea Ice News". National Snow and Ice Data Center. Archived from the original on 28 April 2009. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
  12. ↑ Vinther, B. M.; Buchardt, S. L.; Clausen, H. B.; Dahl-Jensen, D.; Johnsen, S. J.; Fisher, D. A.; Koerner, R. M.; Raynaud, D.; Lipenkov, V.; Andersen, K. K.; Blunier, T.; Rasmussen, S. O.; Steffensen, J. P.; Svensson, A. M. (17 September 2009). "Holocene thinning of the Greenland ice sheet". Nature (in Turanci). 461 (7262): 385–388. doi:10.1038/nature08355. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 19759618. S2CID 4426637. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  13. ↑ Gaglioti, Benjamin V.; Mann, Daniel H.; Wooller, Matthew J.; Jones, Benjamin M.; Wiles, Gregory C.; Groves, Pamela; Kunz, Michael L.; Baughman, Carson A.; Reanier, Richard E. (1 August 2017). "Younger-Dryas cooling and sea-ice feedbacks were prominent features of the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in Arctic Alaska". Quaternary Science Reviews (in Turanci). 169: 330–343. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.05.012. Retrieved 8 November 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
  14. ↑ Davis, B.A.S.; Brewer, S.; Stevenson, A.C.; Guiot, J. (2003). "The temperature of Europe during the Holocene reconstructed from pollen data". Quaternary Science Reviews. 22 (15–17): 1701–16. Bibcode:2003QSRv...22.1701D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.112.140. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00173-2.
  15. ↑ Gomes, S. D.; Fletcher, W. J.; Rodrigues, T.; Stone, A.; Abrantes, F.; Naughton, F. (15 July 2020). "Time-transgressive Holocene maximum of temperate and Mediterranean forest development across the Iberian Peninsula reflects orbital forcing". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 550: 109739. Bibcode:2020PPP...55009739G. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109739. S2CID 216337848. Archived from the original on 6 November 2022. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
  16. ↑ Zolitschka, Bernd; Behre, Karl-Ernst; Schneider, Jürgen (1 January 2003). "Human and climatic impact on the environment as derived from colluvial, fluvial and lacustrine archives—examples from the Bronze Age to the Migration period, Germany". Quaternary Science Reviews. Environmental response to climate and human impact in central Eur ope during the last 15000 years - a German contribution to PAGES-PEPIII. 22 (1): 81–100. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00182-8. ISSN 0277-3791. Archived from the original on 18 March 2012. Retrieved 11 September 2023.
  17. ↑ Kalis, Arie J; Merkt, Josef; Wunderlich, Jürgen (1 January 2003). "Environmental changes during the Holocene climatic optimum in central Europe - human impact and natural causes". Quaternary Science Reviews. Environmental response to climate and human impact in central Eur ope during the last 15000 years - a German contribution to PAGES-PEPIII. 22 (1): 33–79. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00181-6. ISSN 0277-3791. Archived from the original on 8 March 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2023.
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