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Yanayin yanayi na Aruba

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.

 

Yanayin ƙasa na Aruba, wanda ke kusa da farantin na tectonic na Kudancin Amurka da Caribbean, an tsara shi ta hanyar hadaddun tsarin tafiyar da yanayin ƙasa.  Daga faffadar faffadarsa zuwa ga tarkacen bakin teku, yanayin kasa na Aruba da ilmin kasa ya bayyana bambancin yanayin tsibirin da tsarin halittarsa, yana ba da cikakkiyar fahimta game da filin Aruba da yanayin muhalli na wannan yankin Caribbean.

Yanayin ƙasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Aruba (tsibiran yammacin Tsibirin ABC da na Leeward Antilles) yana cikin wani wuri na musamman, a kan iyaka tsakanin faranti na Kudancin Amurka da Caribbean. Tana da nisan kilomita 25 (16 a arewacin bakin tekun Venezuela da nisan kilometre 68 (42 a yammacin Curaçao. Aruba ta mamaye jimlar yanki na kilomita 193 (75 sq da layin bakin teku na kilomita 68.5 (42.6 . Wannan yankin yana da tsarin Kuskuren mai rikitarwa inda Caribbean Plate ke motsawa zuwa yamma dangane da Kudancin Amurka. Aruba ita ce tsibirin da ya fi yamma a cikin Aruba-La Blanquilla Chain, jerin ƙananan tsibirai da tsibirai waɗanda ke kan iyakar nahiyar Venezuela.[1]

Aruba, da sauran tsibirai na ABC da kuma Trinidad da Tobago, suna kan iyakar nahiyar Amurka ta Kudu, kuma saboda haka ana ɗaukar su gaba ɗaya a Kudancin Amurka.[2]

Yanayin ƙasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yanayin ƙasar Aruba yana da alaƙa da ƙasa mai laushi zuwa mai laushi tare da wasu ƙananan tuddai. Matsayi mafi girma a tsibirin shine Jamanota, ya kai kusan mita 188 (617 a tsawo. Akwai nau'ikan wurare daban-daban guda uku a tsibirin.

A yammacin ɓangaren, yana da fili mai laushi mai laushi tare da kwari masu bushewa. Wannan yanki yana gefen wani yanki na kwance da aka shimfiɗa zuwa dan kadan a kan teku-dipping dutse dutse a gefen yamma. Motsawa zuwa tsakiyar tsibirin, filin ya zama mafi tsayi. Wannan yankin ya ci gaba a cikin yankin da aka samo daga dutsen dutsen wuta na Aruba Lava Formation (ALF), kuma yana da kwarin da ke gudana daga gabas zuwa yamma wanda ke sarrafawa ta hanyar kuskure.[1] ALF ta rufe yanki na kimanin kilomita 23.7 (9.2 sq . [3] Yankin kudu maso gabashin Aruba an bayyana shi ne ta hanyar Neogene da ƙananan dutse. A gefen gabas, kusa da Boca Grandi da Seroe Colorado, ana iya lura da wuraren da aka haɓaka sosai. Abubuwan ajiya na gaba suna kan iyaka a kudu da kudu maso yammacin bakin teku tsakanin Ceru Colorado da cibiyar birni ta Oranjestad . [1]

Yanayin ƙazamin yanayi a Aruba ba wai kawai ya samo asali ne daga yanayinsa ba amma kuma sakamakon saran gandun daji da kuma amfani da su a lokacin mulkin mallaka na Spain na tsibirin. Saboda haka, wasu amfanin gona, irin su aloe vera, suna bunƙasa a cikin wannan muhalli, saboda yawan ƙasa mai arzikin calcium da aka sani da liming.] A cikin 2022, Aruba kawai yana da 2.3% na gandun daji da kuma kawai 0.5% na yanki mai kariya.  2020, wanda bai canza ba daga 1990. A cikin 2020, dajin da aka sabunta ta dabi'a ya rufe hectare 420 (ha) kuma dajin da aka shuka ya rufe hectare 0 (ha).  Daga cikin gandun dajin da ke sake farfado da dabi'a 0% an ruwaito su ne farkon dazuzzuka (wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan bishiyoyi na asali wadanda ba a bayyana alamun ayyukan dan adam ba) kuma kusan kashi 0% na yankin dajin an samu a cikin wuraren kariya.[4]

Aruba galibi ana nuna ta da filayen ƙasa. Koyaya, akwai sanannun banbanci waɗanda ke ƙara bambancin wuri mai faɗi. Abubuwa biyu da aka sani da dutse, Ayo da Casibari Rock Formations.

Sabanin haka, bakin tekun arewa na Aruba yana da mafi girman tudu, musamman a cikin gandun dajin Arikok. Madaidaicin wurin tsibirin, Jamanota, yana tsaye a matsakaicin tsayin mita 188 (617 ft) sama da matakin teku, yayin da Arikok da kansa ya kai 186 m (610 ft). Wani fitaccen alamar ƙasa, Hooiberg, ya kai 165 m (541 ft). Duk da cewa ba shine kololuwar tsibirin ba, Hooiberg ya bayyana haka ne saboda wurin da yake a kewayen. Siffa ce da za a iya gane ta da za a iya lura da ita daga kusan kowane wuri a tsibirin.  Ya bambanta da bakin tekun kudu, tekun arewacin Aruba yawanci yana da ruwa mai ruwa mai zurfi mai launin shuɗi mai zurfi, ƙasa mai dutse kuma ya ƙunshi galibin raye-rayen murjani na murjani da aka yanka tare da ƙananan rairayin bakin teku waɗanda ake kira boca a cikin Papiamento, wanda ke fassara zuwa "baki" a Turanci.  Filayen ruwa na Aruba sun fi fice a kan iska, ko arewa maso gabas, gaɓar teku.  A cikin waɗannan wuraren, wasu daga cikin filaye suna baje kolin faffadan dandamali da tudu masu gangara, masu kusurwa.  Sabanin haka, a kan lebe, ko kudu maso yamma, sassan tsibiran, filayen suna da kunkuntar dandali da gangara mai laushi.  A wani lokaci, musamman a gefen kudu maso yammacin Aruba, kofofin baya ba su bambanta ba [5]

Bayyanar bambancin raƙuman ruwa ta rinjayi wurin tsibirin a cikin yankin busasshiyar kudancin Caribbean. Limestone, wanda aka sani da juriya ga tasirin yanayin yanayi, ya ba da gudummawa ga adanawa mai ban mamaki na waɗannan wuraren. Kodayake wani haske na tsire-tsire na Xerophytic ya rufe farfajiyarsu, wuraren sun kasance da kyau sosai.[5]

Aruba tana da kariya, yawanci yana kwance kusan 400 yadudduka (370 a bakin teku kuma ya shimfiɗa tare da gabar kudu maso yamma tsakanin Punta Brabo da Oranjestad. Ya ƙunshi murjani kuma an rufe shi da rairayin bakin teku na raguwar murjani 2 zuwa 10 feet (0.61 zuwa 3.05 a tsawo. A gefen teku, reef ya kai zurfin akalla 150 feet (46 m) . [5]

Ci gaban yanayin ƙasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tsohon rukunin ilimin ƙasa da ake gani a Aruba shine ALF, wanda ya ƙunshi dutsen dutse da dutsen dutsen dutge na abun da ke cikin basaltic, tare da kauri sama da mita 3,000 (9,800 . Wadannan duwatsu sun sha wahala saboda shiga cikin Aruba Batholith. An yi imanin cewa shekarun wannan tsari shine Turonian, wanda ke goyan bayan alamun ammonite da aka samo a cikin dutse mai laushi.[1]

Aruba Batholith, wanda ya shiga cikin Aruba Lava Formation, da farko ya ƙunshi hornblende tonalite. Pendants na Quartz-norite zuwa quartz-hornblende gabbro suna cikin rufin tonalite. Dukkanin Aruba Lava Formation da batolith suna haɗuwa da dikes da yawa. Shigar da batolith ya faru ne a kusa da shekaru 85 zuwa 90 da suka gabata, tare da sake maimaita duwatsu tsakanin 73 da 67 Myr.[1]

Ana rarraba tsaunuka na dutse bisa ga tsawo, fasalin da aka saba danganta da jinkirin ɗagawa. Ƙananan ƙasa, wanda ke da tsawo na mita 5-10 (16-33 , yana da shekaru 30-129 (Kyr). Sabanin haka, tsakiya na tsakiya, wanda ke da mita 15-25 (49-82 , ya koma 510 Kyr, yana nuna jinkirin (0.05 mm / shekara) na hauhawar tectonic na Aruba.[6] 

Aruba ta kasance sama da matakin teku a lokacin zamanin Oligocene . Koyaya, Aruba daga baya ta ragu a ƙarƙashin matakin teku a tsakiyar Miocene, kamar yadda aka rubuta ta hanyar fitowar tsaunuka masu tsawo na bakin teku. Wannan tarihin ilimin ƙasa ya bar alama ta musamman a kan shimfidar wuri da kuma kafawar Aruba.[6]

Dabbobi da ba na asali ba

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An gabatar da shi a farkon karni na 16, awaki (Capra hircus) da jaki suna haifar da babbar barazana ga mahalli na Aruba, suna haifar da lahani kai tsaye da kai tsaye saboda yawan kiwo. Wannan sau da yawa yana haifar da lalacewar yanayin halittu da raguwar halittu masu yawa.[7][8] Duk da tasirin su, waɗannan dabbobi sun kasance tushen abinci na gida, tare da stew na awaki da miya sun zama sanannun jita-jita a yankin.[9] Arikok, wanda ya mamaye kashi 20% na ƙasar, gida ne ga yawan awaki. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya kiyasta yawan awaki a kusan mutane 1,465 ta hanyar ƙididdigar sabbin pellets.[10]

Rarraba kifin zaki ba na asali ba (1985 - 2020)

An gabatar da Kifi zaki, wanda ya samo asali ne daga Indo-Pacific, zuwa Tekun Atlantika a tsakiyar shekarun 1980. Yawan jama'arsu tun daga lokacin ya karu sosai saboda ba su da masu cin nama a cikin sabon mahallinsu.[11] Wannan ci gaban da ba a tantance shi ba ya haifar da raguwar yawan kifi da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, har ma da lafiyar coral reefs tana fama da lalacewar Kifi mai cin ganyayyaki.[12] Masu bincike na NOAA sun tabbatar da cewa yawan kifaye masu mamayewa za su ci gaba da ƙaruwa kuma ba za a iya kawar da su ta amfani da hanyoyin al'ada ba.[13]

Aruba LionFish Initiative (ALFI), ƙungiyar masu nutsewa waɗanda ke farautar nau'ikan da ke mamayewa a kai a kai, sun ɗauki matakin rage yawan kifayen zaki a yankunan bakin teku ta hanyar farautar su don abinci da yin kayan ado daga fukafukan su.[14][15][16]

A cikin 1999, an gano boa constrictor na farko a Aruba. Duk da yunkurin sarrafa ci gaban su, yawan mutanen da ke rufe tsibirin ya mamaye a shekara ta 2005. Da yake jinsin da ke mamayewa, abincin da suke cinyewa na iya haɗari ga yawancin 'yan asalin ƙasar.[17] Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2021 ya binciki abinda ke cikin ciki na fiye da 500 da aka kama Aruban boas. Binciken ya bayyana fiye da nau'ikan dabbobi daban-daban 400, tare da kusan daidaitattun rarraba tsakanin dabbobi masu shayarwa, lizards, da tsuntsaye. Abin sha'awa, ban da nau'ikan jemagu guda bakwai da aka sani a Aruba, kusan kowane nau'in dabbobi da aka samo a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin ciki da aka bincika.

Tsuntsu mai laushi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Cane toad, wanda kuma ake kira Sapo a cikin gida, [18] jinsin mamayewa ne tare da mummunar tasiri ga fauna na Aruba, kamar Dori (Pleurodema brachyops). Koyaya, Aruban Cat-eyed Snake ko Santanero (Leptodeira bakeri) yana cin nama a kan waɗannan toads kuma ana ɗaukarsa "tsarin kula da annoba" na halitta.[19] Toads suna son yanayin zafi, gami da lambuna na gidaje masu zaman kansu da wuraren yawon bude ido, kamar otal-otal da wuraren shakatawa. Koyaya, toads sune masu tsira na gaskiya kuma suna iya sauƙaƙe daidaitawa da yanayin bushewa, kamar yadda aka samu a cikin yanayin busassun tsibirin Caribbean.[20]

Anoles da geckos

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 2019, an gano sabbin dabbobi masu rarrafe guda uku a Aruba, gami da Anolis gingivinus, Anolis cristatellus, Hemidactylus frenatus . [21] Ana gabatar da nau'ikan Anole da gecko ba da gangan ba zuwa tsibirin Caribbean ta hanyar cinikin shuke-shuke masu rai, amma kuma ana iya gabatar da su da gangan a matsayin dabbobi.[22] Kamar yadda ake yi da yawa wadanda ba na asali ba a cikin Caribbean, wadannan nau'o'in galibi suna zaune a cikin yanayin da aka canza mutum (yanayin mutum), kuma ba a fahimci tasirin su a kan nau'in asalin Aruba ba. Aruba tana da tarihin da aka rubuta na 10 da suka gabata na nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe, ciki har da anoles guda biyu, Anolis sagrei da A. porcatus, da geckos huɗu, Gonatodes albogularis, G. antilensis, G. vittatus, da Hemidactylus mabouia . [21]

Yanayin yanayi

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Itacen Watapana, wanda aka fi sani da Dividivi ('ya'yan itace), wanda iskar kasuwanci ta arewa maso gabas ta karkatar da shi.

Aruba tana da yanayin zafi mai zafi (Köppen BSh) wanda ke da yanayin zafi a ko'ina cikin shekara. Akwai kalubale na muhalli na dindindin da ke da alaƙa da yanayi da yanayi. Yanayin ruwan teku, alal misali, a hankali ya tashi da akalla 1.3 °C (2.3 °F) ° C (2.3 ° F) tun daga shekarun 1950.[23]

Tasirin Kudancin Oscillation

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Lokacin ruwan sama yawanci yana faruwa tsakanin Satumba da Janairu. Koyaya, yana nuna bambancin gaske saboda tasirin Kudancin Oscillation. A lokacin shekaru masu karfi na El Niño kamar 1911/1912, 1930/1931, 1982/1983 da 1997/1998 ruwan sama na shekara-shekara (shekarar kuɗi) na iya faduwa zuwa kusan 150 millimeters ko 6 inci. Sabanin haka, a lokacin shekarun La Niña kamar 1933/1934, 1970/1971, 1988/1989, 1999/2000 ko 2010/2011, ruwan sama na iya tashi zuwa kusan millimeters 1,000 ko inci 39. Mafi girman jimlar kowane wata a lokacin waɗannan abubuwan La Niña na iya kaiwa tsakanin 350 da 400 millimeters (14 da 16 in).

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Watan Janairu Fabrairu Maris Afrilu Mayu Yuni Yuli Ogusta Satumba Oktoba Nuwamba Disamba Shekara
[Ana bukatan hujja]

Yanayin kiyayewa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Asalin yawon shakatawa da yawa za a iya gano shi zuwa shekarun 1970s da 1980s lokacin da mutane suka fara nuna damuwa game da yiwuwar mummunan tasiri ga al'umma da muhalli saboda ci gaban yawon shakata mara sarrafawa. Wadannan damuwa sun hada da sakamakon tattalin arziki na dogon lokaci.[23]

Matsalolin muhalli kamar rushewar rairayin bakin teku, lalacewar kogi, gurɓataccen, lalaceyar albarkatu, asarar mazauni, da asarar kyawawan dabi'u sune manyan nau'o'in lalacewar muhalli. Wadannan batutuwan na iya shafar tattalin arzikin yawon bude ido na tsibirin (SITES ko SIDS). Aruba, wanda aka gane a duk duniya a matsayin 'One Happy Island' kuma daya daga cikin kananan tsibirai masu dogara da yawon bude ido, yana ba da fahimta mai mahimmanci game da rikitarwa da sauye-sauye na yawon bude hankali, gami da hauhawar rashin daidaito na tattalin arziki, raguwar muhalli, bambancin zamantakewa, batutuwan ma'aikata.[24][23]

Misali na kalubalen ma'aikata ya fito ne daga binciken da Ma'aikatar Aruban da ke da alhakin harkokin muhalli ta fuskanta. Kasancewarsu wajen yada bayanai masu yaudara game da tasirin muhalli na aikin otal mai zuwa kusa da Baby Beach ya zama abin tambaya. Duk da sanarwar manema labarai ta hukuma da ke tabbatar da cewa aikin ba zai sami mummunar tasiri a kan muhalli ba, duka Ministan muhalli, Otmar Oduber [nl] [nl], da shugaban kungiyar ci gaba, Enrique Martinón Garcia, sun yarda da yiwuwar tasirin mummunan tasiri a lokacin taron otal din. Wannan lamarin ya nuna damuwa game da nuna gaskiya da daidaito na bayanai da suka shafi manufofin muhalli da sadarwa ga jama'a.[25]

Shafukan da aka zaɓa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Gidauniyar Gidan shakatawa na Arikok (FPNA) tana kula da Yankunan Biodiversity (KBA). KBA ta ƙunshi kusan kashi 25% na jimlar yankin Aruba, waɗannan sun haɗa da Arikok National Park, Spaans Lagoen (Spanish Lagoon), wurin shakatawa na ruwa Aruba (MPA), da sauran wuraren da aka tsara.[26][27][28]

  1. California Dunes
  2. Saliña (salt flat) Tier del Sol
  3. Saliña Malmok/ Saliña Serka
  4. Saliña Palm Beach/ Plas The Mill Resort
  5. Bubali Plas (pond)
  6. Sero Teishi
  7. Ramsar site: Spaans Lagoen and MPA Mangel Halto
  8. Rooi Bringamosa
  9. Rooi Taki
  10. Rooi Manoonchi
  11. MPA Oranjestad Reef Islands
  12. Mangrove sites (Cay, Parkietenbos, Isla di Oro/Mangel Halto, Commandeursbaai)
  13. Rooi Lamoenchi
  14. Saliña Savaneta
  15. MPA Seroe Colorado

Manufofin muhalli

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

An haramta sinadarin Oxybenzone a cikin kayan kare rana saboda tasirinsa mai cutarwa akan rayuwar ruwa da coral reefs lokacin da ya shiga teku. Wannan haramcin wani bangare ne na dokar ra'ayi ta "Zaɓi Zero" da nufin ilimantar da al'umma game da haramcin. Ana amfani da Oxybenzone a cikin Hasken rana, filastik, kayan shafawa, gashin gashi, da goge ƙusa a matsayin mai kare UV da kuma daidaitawa. Duk da yake yana taimakawa kare fata daga hasken UV, yana haifar da mummunar lalacewa ga murjani kuma yana iya haifar da rashin daidaituwa na hormonal. Hanawar ta haɗa da shigowa, sayarwa, da rarraba samfuran filastik masu amfani guda ɗaya da samfuran da ke dauke da Oxybenzone. Nazarin kimiyya ya nuna cewa Oxybenzone yana da mummunar tasiri ga murjani da bambancin halittu na ruwa, kuma kasancewarsa a wuraren da aka mayar da hankali yana shafar yanayin murjani. Babban manufar dokar ita ce hana ci gaba da lalacewa ga yanayi da muhalli, inganta ingancin rayuwa ba tare da filastik masu amfani da guda ɗaya da samfuran da ke dauke da Oxybenzone ba.[29][30]

Kodayake an sanya tsare-tsaren yanki da tsare-tsare na kiyaye ruwa a cikin 2019, wuraren zama na halitta na Aruba da yanayin ruwa sun kasance ba tare da kariya ba sama da ƙarni. Wannan rashin kariya ya samo asali ne daga zamanin phosphate (Kamfanin Aruba Phosphate), zinariya (Aruba Gold Concessions), da masana'antun gyaran mai (Lago Oil and Transport Company da Arend Petroleum Company) a cikin shekarun 1920, da kuma ci gaban yawon bude ido da birni tun daga ƙarshen shekarun 1970. [23]

Kare tsire-tsire da dabbobi da Dokar Sand

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Aruba ta himmatu ga kare yanayin ta ta hanyar ka'idojin kasa da kasa da na gida. Yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa CITES, da kuma Dokar Kasa ta Aruba don Kare Flora da Fauna da Dokar Sand, sun haramta cirewa ko fitar da kwarangwal, murjani, da Yashi na rairayin bakin teku daga tsibirin.[31]

Yankin murjani daga bakin rairayin bakin teku na Aruba

Karin kwanan nan a cikin kwace waɗannan abubuwa ya haifar da damuwa cewa mazauna yankin na iya shiga cikin tallace-tallace ba bisa ka'ida ba ga masu yawon bude ido. Maimakon tattara waɗannan abubuwa, yana da kyau a ɗauki hoto a matsayin abin tunawa, saboda cire kwarangwal na iya samun tasiri sosai a kan muhalli.[31]

Shells suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye yanayinmu. Suna tabbatar da rairayin bakin teku, suna ba da mafaka ga halittu kamar ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, suna ba wa wuraren ɓoyewa ga ƙananan kifi, kuma suna aiki a matsayin kayan gida ga tsuntsayen bakin teku. Yayin da kwarangwal suka lalace, suna fitar da abubuwan gina jiki masu mahimmanci ga kwayoyin a cikin yashi da waɗanda ke samar da kwarangwansu. Tekun yana tallafawa yanayin halittu mai laushi, kuma duk wani rushewa na iya haifar da mummunar sakamako. Kowane harsashi yana da rawar muhalli ta musamman.[32]  

Matsalar muhalli

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Rashin gurɓataccen haske

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Abubuwan more rayuwa na Aruba, gami da bangaren yawon bude ido, an haɓaka su ba tare da la'akari da tasirin gurɓataccen haske a kan yanayin muhalli da abubuwan da suka faru na ɗan adam ba.[33]

Yaran da aka haifa a fata

Dukkanin nau'ikan turtles na teku suna cikin haɗari, [34] gami da Leatherback, Loggerhead, Green da Hawksbill, waɗanda rayuwar daji ce ta dare a Aruba. Hasken wutan lantarki na iya hana tsofaffin mata daga yin gida ko rikice-rikice, wanda ke sa su shiga cikin ƙasa inda suke cikin haɗarin rashin ruwa ko lahani.[35][36]

International Dark-Sky Association-Aruba, kungiya mai zaman kanta, tana da niyyar kare sararin samaniya mai duhu daga gurɓataccen haske. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, rufewar San Nicholas refinery ya ba da damar dawo da flora da fauna, yayin da yake rage gurɓataccen haske, yana sa sararin sama ya fi haske. Koyaya, adana yanayin halittu yana fuskantar ƙalubale masu yawa tare da fadada yankin yawon bude ido da kuma gina sabon otal a yankin kudu maso gabashin tsibirin, Seroe Colorado . [37]

  1. Matsalar muhalli ta yawon bude ido: Wannan abu yana nuna tasirin muhalli na yawon bude hankali. Yayin da tsananin yawon bude ido da yawa ke ƙaruwa, matsin muhalli yana hanzarta bayan ƙetare ƙofar mahimmanci.
  2. Tsarin samar da yawon bude ido: Yana la'akari da tasirin karuwar jigilar Jirgin sama, masauki (gidaje), da aiki a kan yawon bude hankali.
  3. Tsarin gine-gine yawon bude ido: Wannan bangare yana nazarin maida hankali da ƙirar kayan aikin jirgin ruwa da masauki a takamaiman yankuna ko yankunan bakin teku.
  4. Kwarewar fitar da yawon bude ido: Ya haɗa da fitar da kayayyaki da ayyuka masu alaƙa da yawon shakatawa, gami da saka hannun jari, samun kuɗi, kudaden shiga, da ayyukan gabatarwa.
  5. Bambancin kasuwar yawon bude ido ta kasa da kasa: Kasuwar yawon bude bude ido daban-daban tana da alaƙa da yawon bude hankali, ma'ana cewa bambancin kasuwa mafi girma yana da alaƙa ti yawon bude baki.

Sakamakon rage yawan yawon bude ido:

  • Manufofin tattalin arziki da muhalli na Aruba dole ne suyi la'akari da yawon bude ido a matsayin mai nuna alama ga Manufofin Ci Gaban Ci Gaban (SDG). [24]
  • Adana albarkatun kasa masu ƙarancin gaske ta hanyar iyakance yawan yawon shakatawa da kayan aikin masauki (misali, dakunan otal, dakunan lokaci, condominiums, da gidaje baƙi).
  • Tattalin arzikin siyasa sau da yawa ana nuna shi ta hanyar warewa da cirewa maimakon hadawa da sake farfadowa: de-marginalization da kare lafiyar al'umma da kuma hukumomi ta hanyar sauyawa zuwa manufofi da ci gaba na al'umma.
  • Yawon shakatawa na muhalli ya kamata ya amfane muhalli da al'ummar yankin. Duk da ƙaddamar da aka yada don zama wurin yawon bude ido mai dorewa, ainihin ajandar siyasa da ke wurin suna ba da fifiko ga ci gaba da masana'antar yawon bude hankali. Wannan jaddadawa ta rufe haƙƙin jama'a da alhakin, yadda ya kamata ta rage rawar da gwamnati da kungiyoyin jama'a ke takawa wajen gudanar da jin daɗin al'umma gaba ɗaya, a yanzu da kuma nan gaba.
  • Ƙara kasuwar yawon bude ido
  • Maida hankali kan yawon bude ido mai ɗorewa na dogon lokaci ta hanyar rage son kai ga inganta yawon bude hankali na ɗan gajeren lokaci, fadadawa, da ci gaba.

Yawan yawon bude ido lamari ne mai rikitarwa, amma ainihin yana haifar da rashin kula da yawon bude bude ido da manufofi daga bangarorin jama'a da masu zaman kansu. Wannan matsala ta kara tsanantawa ta hanyar cire al'ummomin yankin da al'ummar jama'a daga muhimman yanke shawara da ci gaba na yawon bude ido. A sakamakon haka, yawon bude ido ya fadada ba tare da kulawa mai kyau ba, wanda ke haifar da sakamako daban-daban mara kyau.[23]

Yanayin ɗan adam

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Babbar taswirar Aruba

Aruba ƙasa ce mai kafa a cikin Masarautar Netherlands, tare da mafi Girma sulhu shine Oranjestad, tare da yawan mutane 28,372 (2020). [38] Farawa daga shekarun 1960, yawan mutanen Aruba ya karu sosai saboda manyan dalilai guda biyu: isowar ma'aikata don masana'antar gyaran mai kuma daga baya, masana'antar yawon bude ido. An kiyasta cewa akalla kashi 45% na yawan jama'a a Aruba an haife su ne a wata ƙasa.[23]

Dangane da Adireshin Adireshin Yankin Aruba (GAC), wanda Babban Ofishin Kididdiga na Aruba (CBS) ya haɓaka, wannan tsarin rarrabuwa yana da matakai uku, yanki, da titi / bariyu.. Aruba ta kasu kashi takwas da yankuna 55: [39]

  1. Noord/Tanki Leendert
  2. Oranjestad Yamma
  3. Oranjestad Gabas
  4. Dandalin da aka yi
  5. Santa Cruz
  6. Savaneta
  7. San Nicholas ta Arewa
  8. San Nicholas ta Kudu

Dangane da kididdigar 2020, kashi 43.2% na yawan jama'ar Aruba suna magana ne kawai da Papiamento a cikin gidajensu. Daga cikin yankuna 8 na Aruba, 5 suna da sama da 50% na yawan jama'a ta amfani da Papiamento kawai a gida, tare da Oranjestad East yana da mafi girman kashi a 56.6%, kuma San Nicolas South mafi ƙasƙanci a 23.4%. Bugu da ƙari, ƙididdigar ta nuna cewa kashi 18.9% na yawan jama'a sun ba da rahoton Papiamento da Mutanen Espanya a matsayin manyan harsuna biyu da ake magana a cikin gidajensu. A cikin yankunan Noord / Tanki Leendert da Oranjestad East, daya daga cikin mutane huɗu yana magana da Papiamento da Mutanen Espanya a cikin gida, yayin da San Nicolas North yana da mafi ƙarancin kashi a 8.9%.[40]

Bayanan ƙididdigar sun kuma nuna cewa kashi 9.4% na yawan jama'a sun nuna cewa Papiamento da Ingilishi sune harsuna biyu da aka fi magana a cikin gida. San Nicolas ta Kudu da San Nicolas ta Arewa sune yankuna 2 tare da mafi yawan yawan mutanen da ke magana da Papiamento da Ingilishi a cikin gida a 28.7% da 12.3%, bi da bi. Papiamento da Ingilishi ba a magana da su a cikin gidajen mutanen da ke zaune a yankin Santa Cruz (4.6%). [40]

Bugu da ƙari, ƙididdigar ta nuna cewa kashi 6.8% na yawan mutanen Aruba suna magana da Papiamento da Dutch a cikin gidajensu. A cikin dukkan yankuna 8, yawan mutanen da ke magana da waɗannan harsuna biyu a gida ya kasance ƙasa da 10%, tare da San Nicolas North yana da mafi ƙarancin kashi a 1.5%.[40]

A ƙarshe, sakamakon ƙididdigar 2020 ya nuna cewa a cikin kashi 18.6% na gidajen Aruba, Papiamento ba ɗaya daga cikin harsuna biyu da aka fi magana ba ne. A matakin yanki, kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yawan jama'a a San Nicolas ta Kudu (30.6%) sun nuna cewa Papiamento ba ɗaya daga cikin harsuna biyu da aka fi magana a cikin gidansu ba. Sabanin haka, a Paradera, kashi na yawan jama'a da ke nuna cewa Papiamento ba ɗaya daga cikin harsuna biyu da aka fi magana a cikin gidansu ba shine mafi ƙasƙanci a 11.6%. Gabaɗaya, a Paradera, kashi 85.2% na yawan jama'a suna magana da Papiamento a gida, ko dai kawai ko a hade tare da wani yare.[40]

Ƙididdigar 2020: Rarraba harshe a kowane yanki a cikin kashi [40]
Babu wani abu da ya faru. Yankuna Papiamento Papiamento

Mutanen Espanya

 Papiamento

Turanci

 Papiamento Dutch

Yaren mutanen Holland

1 Noord/Tanki Leendert 31.2 25.3 9.4 9.7
2 Oranjestad Yamma 27.3 28.3 10.7 6.2
3 Oranjestad Gabas 56.6 11.3 5.7 5.0
4 Dandalin da aka yi 51.3 17.5 6.9 9.5
5 Santa Cruz 52.0 20.4 4.6 7.7
6 Savaneta 51.5 12.1 8.4 3.3
7 San Nicholas ta Arewa 53.0 8.9 12.3 1.5
8 San Nicholas ta Kudu 23.4 11.9 28.7 3.2
Matsakaicin Kasa 43.2 18.9 9.4 6.8

Yanayin yawon bude ido

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A halin yanzu, Aruba tana da tsananin yawon bude ido na baƙi 17 ga kowane mutum, yana nuna karuwar 5.6 tun 1995. Har ila yau, tsibirin yana fuskantar yawan yawon bude ido, tare da baƙi sama da 10,000 a kowace murabba'in kilomita.[23]

Ra'ayi na yanki na yawon bude ido a arewa maso yammacin gabar teku

Yawancin wuraren yawon bude ido na Aruba suna mai da hankali ne a gefen arewa maso yammacin gabar teku, tare da kimanin dakuna 860 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. Wannan yana wakiltar ci gaban 103% a cikin kasa da shekaru ashirin. Duk da yake Aruba karamin tsibiri ne, akwai ƙananan ayyukan yawon bude ido da ci gaban ababen more rayuwa a wasu yankuna daga 1995 zuwa 2019.[23]

Yankin yawon bude ido da aka tsara, wanda aka kafa a ƙarshen shekarun 1980, ya rufe kusan 16% na jimlar ƙasar tsibirin. A halin yanzu, akwai kusan gidaje 14,000, gami da otal-otal, lokaci-lokaci, condominiums, villas, gidajen baƙi, da gidajen haya. Ci gaban masauki ya samo asali ne daga otal-otal da kuma lokaci har zuwa farkon 2000s. Koyaya, a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, gina gidaje, gidajen baƙi, da gidajen haya sun karu da kashi 51%, suna ƙarawa ga matsin abubuwan more rayuwa da ke akwai da matakan wuraren shakatawa na bakin teku.[23]

Mutanen yankin suna damuwa game da tasirin karuwar yawan kadarorin da aka mayar da hankali ga yawon bude ido da masauki a kan kayan aikin Aruba da ke da rauni da yanayin muhalli. A cikin Palm Beach mai cike da tashin hankali a bakin tekun yamma, za a sami ƙarin masauki 4,000, gami da sabon otal kusa da ajiyar yanayi na Bubali Plas, Otal din St. Regis, Ofishin Jakadancin, Otal na Hyatt Place, Otal ɗin Radisson Blu, da otal-otal masu kyau a Port City, Oranjestad. Juyawa zuwa gabar gabashin tsibirin da ba a taɓa shi ba, shirye-shiryen sun haɗa da otal ɗin Asirin Aruba tare da ɗakuna 600 da otal na biyu tare da ɗakunan 300. Bugu da ƙari, akwai otal-otal guda biyu a cikin bututun mai, kowannensu yana da dakuna 40.[41][42]

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Geology map of Aruba | Dutch Caribbean Biodiversity Database". www.dcbd.nl. Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  2. ↑ "What Continent Is Aruba In?". WorldAtlas (in Turanci). 2018-09-05. Retrieved 2024-02-23.
  3. ↑ "Landscape Series No. 4: The suburbanization of the Aruban landscape – Central Bureau of Statistics" (in Turanci). 2016-12-21. Retrieved 2023-10-05.
  4. ↑ "Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Aruba". Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  5. 1 2 3 Alexander, Charles S. (1961). "THE MARINE TERRACES OF ARUBA, BONAIRE, AND CURAÇAO, NETHERLANDS ANTILLES". Annals of the Association of American Geographers (in Turanci). 51 (1): 102–123. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8306.1961.tb00370.x. ISSN 0004-5608.
  6. 1 2 Hippolyte, Jean-Claude; Mann, Paul (2011-01-01). "Neogene–Quaternary tectonic evolution of the Leeward Antilles islands (Aruba, Bonaire, Curaçao) from fault kinematic analysis". Marine and Petroleum Geology. Thematic Set on: Tectonics, basinal framework, and petroleum systems of eastern Venezuela, the Leeward Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, and offshore areas. 28 (1): 259–277. doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.06.010. ISSN 0264-8172.
  7. ↑ Campbell, Karl; Donlan, C. Josh (2005). "Feral Goat Eradications on Islands". Conservation Biology (in Turanci). 19 (5): 1362–1374. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00228.x. ISSN 0888-8892.
  8. ↑ Revkin, Andrew C. (2011-01-27). "Island Birds + Invading Boa = Trouble in Paradise". Dot Earth Blog (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-18.
  9. ↑ "What To Do With Nonnative Goats At Aruba's Arikok National Park?". www.nationalparkstraveler.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-18.
  10. ↑ Veerbeek, B. (2016). "The influence of goats on soil erosion and vegetation in Arikok National Park, Aruba" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-10-18 – via Dutch Caribbean Biodiversity Database (dcbd). Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ↑ "Invasive Lionfish Portal". Invasive Lionfish Portal (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-17.[permanent dead link]
  12. ↑ "National Geographic Explorer, Pioneer/Trailblazer" (PDF). National Geographic. 18 (5): 8. 2019.[permanent dead link]
  13. ↑ Fisheries, NOAA (2022-07-29). "Impacts of Invasive Lionfish | NOAA Fisheries". NOAA (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-17.
  14. ↑ "Seafood Restaurant Aruba | The LionFish Snack Aruba | The LionFish Invasion" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-17.
  15. ↑ DEFINE.DESIGN.DEVELOP, CR38TE- (2020-07-21). "Eat Them to Beat Them--Eat at LionFish Snack Aruba!". When In Aruba (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-17.
  16. ↑ "Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 2023-10-17.
  17. ↑ "Nature Today | Kronkelende kolonisten: het verhaal van de Boa-situatie op Aruba" [Unruly Colonists: The Story of the Boa Situation in Aruba]. www.naturetoday.com (in Holanci). Retrieved 2023-10-17.
  18. ↑ "Amphibien and Reptielen Benedenwindse eilanden". 2008-06-05. Archived from the original on 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2023-11-04.
  19. ↑ "Nature Today | Inheemse slang bestrijdt invasieve kikker op Aruba". www.naturetoday.com (in Holanci). Retrieved 2023-11-04.
  20. ↑ "Amfibieën van Aruba | Beautiful Aruba". www.beautiful-aruba.nl. Retrieved 2023-11-04.
  21. 1 2 Behm, Jocelyn E.; Busala, Gianna M.; Helmus, Matthew (2022-01-24). "First records of three new lizard species and a range expansion of a fourth lizard species introduced to Aruba". BioInvasions Records. doi:10.34944/dspace/7463. ISSN 2242-1300. Archived from the original on 2025-08-25. Retrieved 2025-08-04.
  22. ↑ Kraus, Fred, ed. (2009). "Alien Reptiles and Amphibians". SpringerLink (in Turanci). doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8946-6.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Peterson, Ryan R. (2023). "Over the Caribbean Top: Community Well-Being and Over-Tourism in Small Island Tourism Economies". International Journal of Community Well-Being (in Turanci). 6 (2): 89–126. doi:10.1007/s42413-020-00094-3. ISSN 2524-5295. PMC 7643527. PMID 34723109 Check |pmid= value (help).
  24. 1 2 "SDG Aruba – Leave No One Behind" (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2023-10-04. Retrieved 2023-10-03.
  25. ↑ Henriquez, 20 november 2019 | Sharina (2019-11-20). "Ministerie helpt hotelontwikkelaar Baby Beach met verspreiden milieu-leugen | Caribisch Netwerk". caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl (in Holanci). Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  26. ↑ "Aruba". DCNA (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-11-11.
  27. ↑ Overheid, Aruba (2020-05-08). "Aruba begint met reactivering van de interne economie". secure.overheid.aw (in Holanci). Archived from the original on 2021-08-14. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
  28. ↑ "Management Plan Marine Park | Aruba National Park Foundation" (in Turanci). Archived from the original on 2023-11-08. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
  29. ↑ Overheid, Aruba (2019-02-18). "Oxybenzone is killing corals and destroying marine biodiversity". www.government.aw (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  30. ↑ "Sustainability in Aruba - Eco-Friendly Caribbean Vacation Travel | Aruba.com". www.aruba.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-02.
  31. 1 2 Overheid, Aruba (2021-04-19). "Many tourists still leaving Aruba with seashells, corals, or beach sand". www.government.aw (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-25.
  32. ↑ Filiciana, Gloria (2023-02-14). "Leave seashells on the beach - Gloria Filiciana" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-25.[permanent dead link]
  33. ↑ Pinto, Juan Luis (2022-10-23). "Jairo Vrolijk, Space and Nature Aruba Foundation: "Houses, hotels, buildings were built without any thought to light pollution" - Aruba Today" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-31.[permanent dead link]
  34. ↑ TeleAdmin (2019-04-11). "Turtle Season in Aruba | TurtugAruba" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-31.
  35. ↑ TeleAdmin (2019-04-11). "About Aruba Turtles | TurtugAruba" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-31.
  36. ↑ Lusby, Carolin; Lasten, Earney (2015). "Impacts of lodging facilities on the Leatherback turtles that nest in Aruba". Consortium Journal of Hospitality Management.
  37. ↑ Pinto, Juan Luis (2023-04-28). "International Dark-Sky Association-Aruba asks to keep an eye out for light contamination at Sero Colorado - Aruba Today" (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-31.[permanent dead link]
  38. ↑ "Households and number of persons by type and location of the living quarters, 2020 – Central Bureau of Statistics" (in Turanci). 2020-06-09. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
  39. ↑ "GAC (Geographical Address Classification) 2019 and 2020 – Central Bureau of Statistics" (in Turanci). 2020-12-03. Retrieved 2023-10-05.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 Aruba, Central Bureau of Statistics (2023-03-30). "Mapping Census 2020: Social Demographic Diversity in Aruba 3". ArcGIS StoryMaps (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-07.
  41. ↑ Dobson, Jim. "The Future Of Aruba: How The Tiny Caribbean Island Is Bracing For Major New Hotel Development". Forbes (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-26.
  42. ↑ Henriquez, 2 juli 2019 | Sharina (2019-07-02). "Hotels bij Baby Beach betekent wél einde van beschermd kustgebied | Caribisch Netwerk". caribischnetwerk.ntr.nl (in Holanci). Retrieved 2023-10-26.
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