Yanayin yanayi na Hawaii

Nau'ikan yanayi na Köppen na Hawaii, ta amfani da yanayin yanayi na 1971-2000.

Jihar Amurka ta Hawaii'i'i, wacce ke rufe Tsibirin Hawaiian, tana da zafi amma tana fuskantar yanayi daban-daban, dangane da tsawo da kewayenta. tsibirin Hawai'i misali yana da ƙungiyoyin yanayi huɗu (daga cikin biyar a cikin duka) a kan ƙananan kamar 4,0 murabba'in mil (10,430 ) bisa ga Nau'ikan yanayi na Köppen: na wurare masu zafi, busasshiyar, matsakaici da polar. Lokacin ƙidaya kuma ƙananan Köppen - musamman gami da yanayin yanayi na lokacin rani na Bahar Rum - tsibirin Hawai'i yana da bakuncin 10 (daga cikin 14 a cikin duka). Tsibirin suna karɓar mafi yawan ruwan sama daga iskar kasuwanci a gefen arewa da gabas (gefen iska) sakamakon ruwan sama. Yankunan bakin teku sun fi bushewa, musamman gefen kudu da yamma ko gefen leeward.

Overall with climate change, Hawaiʻi is getting drier and hotter. The Hawaiian Islands receive most of their precipitation from October to April. Drier conditions generally prevail from May to September. Due to cooler waters around Hawaiʻi, the risk of tropical cyclones is low for Hawaiʻi.

Yanayin zafi

Yanayin zafi a matakin teku gabaɗaya ya kasance daga 84-88 ° F (29-31 ° C) a lokacin watanni na rani zuwa 79-83 ° F (26-28 ° C) yayin watanni na hunturu. Ba sau da yawa zafin jiki ya tashi daga sama da 90 °F (32 °C) ° F (32 ° C) ko ya sauka ƙasa da 60 °F (16 °C) ° F (16 ° C) a ƙananan tsaunuka. Yanayin zafi yana da ƙasa a tsawo mafi girma. A lokacin hunturu, dusar ƙanƙara ta zama ruwan dare a taron koli na Mauna Kea da Mauna Loa a tsibirin Hawai'i. A Maui, taron koli na Haleakalā a wasu lokuta yana fuskantar dusar ƙanƙara, amma ba a taɓa lura da dusar ƙara a ƙasa da ƙafa 7,500 (2,300 ba kafin Fabrairu 2019, lokacin da aka lura da dusara a ƙafa 6,200 (1,900 kuma ya faɗi a tsaunuka masu girma da yawa don tilasta Haleakalā National Park ya rufe kwanaki da yawa. Rubuce-rubucen ƙarancin zafin jiki a Honolulu shine 52 °F (11 °C) ° F (11 ° C) a ranar 20 ga Janairu, 1969.

Gabaɗaya Hawai'i tana ƙara zafi, tare da dumamar duniya kasancewa mai yiwuwa dalilin. Yanayin zafi na 90 °F (32 °C) ° F (32 ° C) da sama ba a saba gani ba, ban da wuraren da suka bushe, yankunan leeward. A cikin yankunan leeward, yanayin zafi na iya kaiwa cikin ƙananan 90s kwanaki da yawa a cikin shekara, amma yanayin zafi mafi girma fiye da waɗannan ba sabon abu ba ne. Mafi girman zafin jiki da aka taɓa yin rikodin a tsibirin ya kasance 100 °F (38 °C) ° F (38 ° C) a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 1931, a Pāhala. Ruwan saman teku a kusa da Hawai'i ya kasance daga 75 °F (24 °C) ° F (24 ° C) tsakanin ƙarshen Fabrairu da farkon Afrilu, zuwa matsakaicin 82 °F (28 °C) ° F (28 ° C) a ƙarshen Satumba ko farkon Oktoba. A Amurka, Florida ce kawai ke da yanayin zafi.

Pacific High, kuma tare da shi yankin kasuwanci-iska, yana motsawa arewa da kudu tare da canza kusurwar rana, don haka ya kai matsayi mafi arewa a lokacin rani. Wannan yana kawo iskar kasuwanci a lokacin Mayu zuwa Satumba, lokacin da suke da yawa 80 zuwa 95 cikin dari na lokacin. Daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu, zuciyar iskar kasuwanci tana motsawa a kudancin Hawai'i; don haka akwai matsakaicin saurin iska a fadin tsibirai. Saboda Hawai'i yana kan iyakar arewacin wurare masu zafi (yawanci sama da latitude 20), akwai lokutan rigar da bushewa kawai ba kamar yawancin yanayin zafi ba.

Iska

Tsarin iskar tsibirin yana da rikitarwa sosai. Kodayake iskar kasuwanci ba ta da kyau, iskar iska ta daidaita ta lalace ta rushe ta hanyar duwatsu, tuddai, da kwari. Yawancin lokaci iskõki suna hurawa sama da rana da kuma ƙasa da dare. Yanayin yankin da ke haifar da iska mai ƙarfi na lokaci-lokaci ba a fahimta sosai ba. Wadannan suna da yawa, wani lokacin suna kaiwa saurin 60 zuwa 100 km / h) kuma an fi saninsu a yankunan da aka zauna na Kula da Lāhainā a kan Maui. Iska ta Kula iska ce mai karfi a kan ƙananan gangaren yammacin Haleakalā. Wadannan iskõki sun fi karfi daga 2,000 zuwa 4,000 sama da matsakaicin matakin teku.

Iska ta Lahaina ma iskar ƙasa ce, amma sun ɗan bambanta. Ana kiransu "lehua winds" bayan ʻōhiʻaʻ lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), wanda jan furanni ke cika iska lokacin da waɗannan iskõki masu ƙarfi suka busa. Suna fitowa daga canyons a gindin tsaunukan yammacin Maui, inda gangaren canyon masu tsayi suka hadu da gangaren piedmont mafi laushi a ƙasa. Wadannan iskõki suna faruwa ne kawai a kowace shekara 8 zuwa 12. Suna da tsananin tashin hankali, tare da saurin iska na 80-100 km / h) ko fiye.

Hanyar zuwa Hāna

Tsarin girgije

A karkashin yanayin Iska ta kasuwanci, sau da yawa akwai raguwar danshi tsakanin 4,000 da 8,000 feet (1,200 da 2,400 . A ƙasa da waɗannan tsawo, iska tana da danshi; a sama, ya bushe. Rashin hutu (babban fasalin Pacific High) ya haifar da juyin zafin jiki da aka saka a cikin iska mai motsi. Juyawa yana nuna cewa yana hana motsi na tsaye na iska don haka yana ƙuntata ci gaban girgije zuwa yankin da ke ƙasa da juyawa. Juyawa yana nan 50 zuwa 70 cikin dari na lokacin; tsayinsa yana canzawa daga rana zuwa rana, amma yawanci yana tsakanin 5,000 da 7,000 feet (1,500 da 2,100 . A ranakun iska na kasuwanci lokacin da aka bayyana juyawa sosai, girgije yana tasowa a ƙasa da waɗannan tsawo tare da girgije na lokaci-lokaci kawai yana fashewa ta hanyar juyawa.

Wadannan girgije masu tsawo suna samuwa tare da duwatsu inda iska mai shigowa ta haɗu yayin da yake motsawa zuwa kwari kuma an tilasta shi hawa da kan duwatsu zuwa tsawo na dubban ƙafa. A kwanakin da ba a canza su ba, sararin sama kusan ba shi da girgije (cikakken sararin sama ba shi da yawa). A yankunan leeward da aka bincika sosai daga iskar kasuwanci (kamar yammacin gabar tekun Maui), sararin samaniya yana da haske 30 zuwa 60 cikin dari na lokacin.

Yankunan da ke cikin iska suna da hazo a lokacin rani, lokacin da iskar kasuwanci da girgije masu alaƙa suka fi yawa, yayin da yankunan leeward, waɗanda ba su da tasiri ga yanayin girgije da ke da alaƙa da girgije na iska, suna da hazo sosai a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da guguwar guguwa ta wuce akai-akai. A kan Maui, yankunan da suka fi girgije suna a ƙasa da tsaunuka na duwatsu, kuma a tsawo na 2,000 zuwa 4,000 a gefen iska na Haleakalā. A cikin waɗannan wurare sararin sama yana da sama da kashi 70 cikin dari na lokacin. Hasken iska na yau da kullun a cikin tsaunuka masu tsawo yana da alaƙa da ƙarancin danshi na iska.

Ruwan sama

Hawai'i ya bambanta da wurare masu zafi da yawa tare da lokutan rigar da bushewa, saboda lokacin rigar ya dace da watanni na hunturu (maimakon watanni na rani da suka fi dacewa da wasu wurare a cikin wurare masu zafi). Misali, rarraba yanayin yanayi na Köppen na Honolulu shine mai ban sha'awa Kamar yadda yake da ruwa-winter subcategory na yanayin zafi mai laushi da bushe.

Gabaɗaya tare da Canjin yanayi, Hawai'i yana bushewa. Manyan guguwa suna faruwa akai-akai a watan Oktoba zuwa Maris. Akwai yiwuwar manyan hadari shida ko bakwai a cikin shekara guda. Irin waɗannan guguwa suna kawo ruwan sama mai ƙarfi kuma ana iya haɗa su da iska mai ƙarfi na gida. Ana iya danganta guguwar da wucewar gaba mai sanyi, gefen gaba na iska mai sanyi wanda ke motsawa daga yamma zuwa gabas ko daga arewa maso yamma zuwa kudu maso gabas.

Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya kasance daga 188 millimetres (7.4 in) in (188 a taron koli na Mauna Kea zuwa 10,271 millimetres (404.4 in) in (10,271 a Big Bog. Tuddan iska suna da ruwan sama mafi girma fiye da lowlands da tsaunuka masu tsawo.

Matsakaicin Ruwan Sama na Shekara don Jihar Hawai'i, http://rainfall.geography.hawaii.edu/

A kan iyakar iska, yawancin gajeren ruwan sama sun zama ruwan dare, babu ɗayan da ke da nauyi don samar da fiye da 0.01 inches (0.25 mm) a (0.25 na ruwan sama. Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita ta iska ta kasuwanci tana samar da ruwan sama mai haske da yawa a cikin ƙasashe, yayin da ruwan sama na ruwa yana da alaƙa da hauhawar kwatsam a cikin iskar kasuwanci ko kuma babbar guguwa. Hāna ta sami kusan 28 inches (710 mm) in (710 na ruwan sama a cikin sa'o'i 24 guda.

1 inch (25 mm) mai tsanani, kamar yadda National Weather Service (NWS) ya bayyana a matsayin guguwa, hail 1 in (25 ko mafi girma, da / ko iskõki masu tasowa na akalla 58 miles per hour (93 km/h) km / h) suna faruwa amma ba su da yawa. Rashin ruwa na yau da kullun ya fi yawan guguwa da supercells suka samar, wanda ke samar da guguwa mai karfi, mai tsawo, musamman game da yankunan cikin gida, yana samar da mafi girman ƙanƙara, kamar 2012 Hawai'i hailstorm. matsakaicin shekara-shekara na kusan guguwa ɗaya, ko dai yana fitowa daga supercells ko ta wasu matakai, yana faruwa.

Guguwar Kona fasali ne na lokacin hunturu.  Sunan ya fito ne daga iskoki daga “kona” ko kuma galibin jagora.  Ruwan sama a cikin ingantacciyar guguwar Kona ta yadu kuma ta daɗe fiye da yadda guguwar gaban sanyi ta saba.  Ruwan sama mai ƙarfi na Kona yakan fi zafi a cikin baka, yana tashi daga kudu zuwa gabas da guguwar kuma tun kafin tsakiyarsa.  Ruwan sama na Kona yana ɗaukar sa'o'i da yawa zuwa kwanaki da yawa.  Ruwan sama na iya ci gaba a hankali, amma mafi tsayin dadewa yana katsewa ta hanyar tsaka-tsakin ruwan sama mai sauƙi ko share ɗan lokaci, da kuma ta hanyar ruwan sama mai ƙarfi da aka mamaye kan mafi matsakaicin ci gaba, tsayayyen ruwan sama.  Duk lokacin sanyi na iya wucewa ba tare da guguwar Kona da ta inganta ba.  Yawancin lokuta ana samun irin wannan guguwa ɗaya ko biyu a shekara;  wani lokacin hudu ko biyar.

Guguwa

Lokacin guguwa a tsibirin Hawai yana kusan daga Yuni zuwa Nuwamba, lokacin da guguwa da guguwa mai zafi suka fi yiwuwa a Arewacin Pacific.  Wadannan guguwa suna tasowa ne daga bakin tekun Mexico (musamman yankin Baja California) kuma suna bin yamma ko arewa maso yamma zuwa tsibiran.  Yayin da guguwa ta ke ratsa tekun Pasifik, sai su yi kasala idan suka koma arewa suka ci karo da ruwan sanyi.

Guguwa na gaskiya ba safai ba ne a Hawai'i, godiya ta wani bangare ga ruwan sanyi da ke kewaye da tsibiran da kuma yanayin yanayi mara kyau, kamar ingantacciyar iska;  hudu ne kawai suka shafi tsibiran a cikin shekaru 63.  [yaushe?] Guguwa na wurare masu zafi sun fi yawa.  Waɗannan suna da mafi ƙarancin iskoki, ƙasa da mil 74 a kowace awa (119 km/h).  Domin guguwa mai zafi suna kama da guguwar Kona, kuma saboda bayanan farko ba su bambance tsakanin su ba, yana da wahala a kimanta matsakaicin yawan guguwar wurare masu zafi.  Kowace shekara ko biyu guguwa mai zafi za ta shafi yanayin wasu sassan tsibirin.  Sabanin yanayin sanyi da guguwar Kona, guguwa da guguwa mai zafi suna iya faruwa a cikin rabin karshen shekara, daga Yuli zuwa Disamba.  An san guguwa mai karfi da barna guda uku sun afkawa tsibiran, guguwar da ba a bayyana sunanta ba a 1871. Hurricane Dot a 1959, da Hurricane `Iniki a 1992. Wata guguwa, `Iwa, ta yi mummunar barna a 1982 amma cibiyarta ta wuce kusa kuma ba ta yi kasa kai tsaye ba.  Rashin ƙarancin guguwa da ke kaiwa tsibirin na iya canzawa yayin da yanayin ke dumama.  A zamanin Pliocene, inda matakan CO2 suka yi daidai da waɗanda muke gani a yau, ruwan da ke kewaye da Hawai'i ya fi zafi, wanda ya haifar da guguwa akai-akai a cikin simintin kwamfuta..

Tasirin iska ta kasuwanci

  Duk da kasancewa ƙananan tsibirai a cikin babban Tekun Pacific, Tsibirin Hawaiian suna da tasiri mai ban mamaki a kan raƙuman teku da tsarin yaduwa a yawancin Pacific. A Arewacin Hemisphere, iskar kasuwanci tana busawa daga arewa maso gabas zuwa kudu maso yamma, daga Arewa da Kudancin Amurka zuwa Asiya, tsakanin ma'auni da digiri 30 a arewa. Yawanci, iskar kasuwanci tana ci gaba a fadin Pacific, sai dai idan wani abu ya shiga hanyarsu, kamar tsibirin.

Tsaunukan tsaunuka masu tsawo na Hawai'i suna da babbar matsala ga iskar kasuwanci. Yankin da ya fi girma yana toshe iska, yadda ya kamata ya raba iskar kasuwanci kashi biyu. Wannan rabuwa yana haifar da yanki na iska mai rauni, wanda ake kira "tsinkaye na iska", a gefen leeward na tsibirin.

Ka'idar aerodynamic ta nuna cewa tasirin iskar tsibirin ya kamata ya ɓace a cikin 'yan kilomita ɗari ba a ji shi a yammacin Pacific ba. Koyaya, farkawar iska da tsibirin Hawaiian ya haifar ya kai mil 1,860 (kilomita 3,000), kusan sau 10 fiye da kowane farkawa. Tsawon farkawa ya ba da shaida ga hulɗa mai ƙarfi tsakanin yanayi da teku, wanda ke da tasiri mai ƙarfi ga binciken yanayi na duniya. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don fahimtar bambancin yanayi na halitta, kamar El Niño .

Akwai dalilai da yawa da ya sa aka lura da wannan ne kawai a Hawai'i. Na farko, teku tana amsawa a hankali ga iskõki masu canzawa da sauri; iskõki dole ne su kasance masu ɗorewa don yin ƙarfi a kan teku, kamar iskõkin kasuwanci. Na biyu, yanayin tsaunuka masu tsawo yana ba da babbar damuwa ga iskõki. Na uku, tsibirin Hawaiian suna da girma a kwance (gabas-yamma), suna fadada sama da digiri huɗu a cikin longitude. Wannan hulɗa ne mai aiki tsakanin iska, halin teku, da zafin jiki wanda ke haifar da wannan farkawa mai tsawo a yammacin Hawai'i.

Tashin iska yana fitar da "gidan da ke gabashin" wanda ke kawo ruwa mai dumi kilomita 5,000 (kilomita 8,000) daga gabar tekun Asiya. Wannan ruwan dumi yana haifar da ƙarin canje-canje a cikin iska, yana ba da damar tasirin tsibirin ya kai nesa zuwa yammacin Pacific. Masu binciken teku sun lura da halin da ake ciki a kusa da tsibirin Hawaiian shekaru kafin a gano dogon farkawa, amma ba su san abin da ya haifar da shi ba.

Jiha

Climate data for {{{location}}}
Watan	Janairu	Fabrairu	Maris	Afrilu	Mayu	Yuni	Yuli	Ogusta	Satumba	Oktoba	Nuwamba	Disamba	Shekara

Climate data for {{{location}}}
Watan	Janairu	Fabrairu	Maris	Afrilu	Mayu	Yuni	Yuli	Ogusta	Satumba	Oktoba	Nuwamba	Disamba	Shekara

Honolulu
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M Y Y A S O N D     2.3     80 66     2     80 66     2     81 68     0.6     83 69     0.6     85 71     0.3     87 73     0.5     88 75     0.6     89 75     0.7     89 74     1.8     87 73     2.4     84 71     3.2     81 68 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     0.1     176 151     0.1     176 151     0.1     178 154     0     181 157     0     184 160     0     189 164     0     190 166     0     192 167     0     191 166     0.1     188 164     0.1     183 161     0.1     178 155 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Hilo
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M Y Y A S O N D     9.3     79 64     9.6     79 64     13     79 65     12     79 66     8.1     81 67     7.4     82 68     11     83 69     9.9     83 70     9.9     83 69     9.8     83 69     16     81 67     12     79 65 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     0.4     174 147     0.4     174 146     0.5     174 148     0.5     174 150     0.3     177 152     0.3     180 155     0.4     181 157     0.4     182 157     0.4     182 156     0.4     181 155     0.6     177 153     0.5     175 149 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Kahului
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M Y Y A S O N D     2.9     81 63     1.9     81 63     2.5     81 64     1.6     82 66     0.7     84 67     0.2     86 70     0.5     87 71     0.5     88 71     0.4     88 70     1.2     87 70     2.2     84 68     3.4     82 65 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     0.1     177 146     0.1     177 145     0.1     179 148     0.1     180 150     0     184 153     0     187 157     0     189 160     0     190 161     0     190 159     0     188 157     0.1     183 154     0.1     179 149 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

[[Lihue, Hawaii|LīhuSamfuri:Okinae]]
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M Y Y A S O N D     3.8     78 66     3.2     78 66     4.6     78 67     2.3     79 69     2.1     81 70     1.6     83 73     1.9     84 74     2.1     85 75     2.1     85 74     3.8     83 73     4.5     81 71     5.2     79 68 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     0.1     172 150     0.1     172 150     0.2     173 153     0.1     175 156     0.1     178 159     0.1     182 163     0.1     184 165     0.1     184 166     0.1     185 165     0.2     182 163     0.2     177 159     0.2     174 154 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

[[Lanai City, Hawaii|LānaSamfuri:Okinai City]]
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M Y Y A S O N D     2.5     76 60     1.6     76 60     1.6     77 61     0.9     78 61     0.5     80 63     0.6     82 65     0.4     83 66     0.5     84 67     0.9     83 67     1.4     82 66     2.4     79 64     2.2     77 61 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     0.1     169 139     0.1     169 140     0.1     170 141     0     173 143     0     175 145     0     179 148     0     181 151     0     182 152     0     182 152     0.1     179 150     0.1     174 148     0.1     171 141 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

Dubi kuma

• Yanayin yanayi na Amurka
• Yanayin yanayi na Hawai'i, tare da taswirar hulɗa Archived 2016-01-30 at the Wayback Machine, daga Sashen Geography, Jami'ar Hawai'ii a MānoaJami'ar Hawai'i a Mānoa