Yanayin yanayi na Kuwait
Kuwait ƙasa ce a Yammacin Asiya, da ke kan iyakar Tekun Farisa, tsakanin Iraki da Saudi Arabia . Kuwait tana cikin kusurwar arewa maso yammacin Tekun Farisa. Kuwait tana da murabba'in kilomita 17,820. A mafi nisa, yana da kimanin kilomita 200 kilometres (120 mi) (120 daga arewa zuwa kudu, da kilomita 170 kilometres (110 mi) (110 daga gabas zuwa yamma. Kuwait tana da tsibirai 10. Yankin Kuwait ya kunshi mafi yawan hamada.
Yankin da siffofin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, Kuwait tana da iyaka da Tekun Farisa tare da kilomita 195 kilometres (121 mi) (121 na bakin teku. A cikin yankinta akwai tsibirai goma, biyu daga cikinsu, Bubiyan (mafi girma) da Warbah, suna da mahimmanci.[1]
Babban fasalin ƙasa na Kuwait shine Kuwait Bay (Jun al Kuwayt), wanda ke rufe bakin teku na kimanin kilomita arba'in, yana ba da kariya ta halitta ga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Kuwait, kuma yana da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na bakin teku na ƙasar.
A arewa da arewa maso yamma, akwai iyakar da aka yi jayayya da tarihi tsakanin Kuwait da Iraki. Kodayake gwamnatin Iraqi, wacce ta fara tabbatar da da'awar mulkin Kuwait a 1938, ta amince da iyakokin da Kuwait a 1963 (bisa ga yarjejeniyoyin da aka yi a farkon karni), ta ci gaba da matsawa Kuwait don sarrafa tsibirin Bubiyan da Warbah a cikin shekarun 1960 da 1970. [1]
A kudu da kudu maso yamma, Kuwait tana da iyaka mai nisan kilomita 250 da Saudi Arabia. Yankin tsakanin Kuwait da Saudi Arabia an kafa shi ne ta Yarjejeniyar Al Uqayr a 1922, wanda kuma ya kafa yankin tsaka-tsaki na Saudi-Kuwaiti na murabba'in kilomita 5,700 tsakanin kasashen biyu.[1] A cikin 1966, Kuwait da Saudi Arabia sun amince da raba yankin tsaka-tsaki; an sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba da ta sanya kowace ƙasa da ke da alhakin gudanarwa a cikin ɓangaren ta a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1969.[1] Albarkatun da ke yankin, wanda yanzu ake kira Yankin Rarraba, yarjejeniyar ba ta shafar su ba.[1] Ana ci gaba da raba man daga filayen da ke kan iyaka daidai tsakanin kasashen biyu.[1]
A watan Agustan 1990, Iraki ta mamaye Kuwait kuma, jim kadan bayan haka, ta kafa dukkan kasar cikin Iraki. A karkashin Majalisar Tsaro ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (UN) Resolution 687, bayan maido da ikon mallakar Kuwait a cikin 1991, kwamishinan Majalisar Dinkinobho ya gudanar da rarraba iyakoki bisa ga wadanda aka amince da su a cikin 1963.[1] An rarraba iyakar a cikin shekara ta 1992.[1] Iraki da farko ta ki yarda da binciken hukumar [1] amma daga ƙarshe ta yarda da su a watan Nuwamba na shekara ta 1994.[2]
Yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kuwait tana da yanayi mara kyau.[1] Ruwan sama a cikin al'umma ya bambanta daga 75 zuwa 150 millimeters (2.95 zuwa 5.91 a) a shekara.[1] Ainihin ruwan sama ya tashi daga milimita 25 (0.98 a) a shekara zuwa kusan milimita 325 (12.8 a). mafi girman yanayin zafi da aka yi rikodin a Asiya da kuma na uku mafi girma a duniya. Lokacin bazara yana da tsayi ba tare da kakkautawa ba, wanda aka fi sani da guguwar ƙura a watan Yuni da Yuli lokacin da iskar arewa maso yamma ta mamaye biranen cikin yashi.[1] A ƙarshen lokacin rani, wanda ya fi ɗanshi, akwai wasu lokuta masu kaifi, gajerun tsawa..[1]
A watan Nuwamba lokacin rani ya ƙare, kuma yanayin sanyi na hunturu ya shiga, yana sauka da yanayin zafi zuwa ƙasa da 3 °C (37 °F) ° C (37 ° F) da dare; yanayin zafi na rana yana cikin saman 20s ° C (sama 70s zuwa ƙasa 80s ° F). Rashin sanyi yana faruwa da wuya; ruwan sama ya fi yawa kuma yana fadowa mafi yawa a cikin bazara.[1]
Lokacin hunturu na Kuwait ya fi sanyi fiye da sauran ƙasashen Gulf na Farisa, kamar Bahrain, Qatar ko Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa. Kuwait tana fuskantar yanayin sanyi saboda tana da nisa a arewa, kuma saboda iskar sanyi da ke busawa daga saman Iraki da Iran.[3]
Gidajen yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A halin yanzu, akwai yankuna biyar masu kariya a Kuwait da IUCN ta amince da su. Dangane da Kuwait ta zama mai sanya hannu na 169 na Yarjejeniyar Ramsar, an sanya ajiyar Mubarak al-Kabeer ta Tsibirin Bubiyan a matsayin wuri na farko na kasar na Muhimmancin Duniya.[4] Ajiyar hekta 50,948 ta ƙunshi ƙananan lagoons da marshes masu gishiri kuma suna da mahimmanci a matsayin tsayawa ga tsuntsaye masu ƙaura a kan hanyoyin ƙaura guda biyu.[4] Gidan ajiya shine gida ga mafi girman mazaunin kiwo na Crab-plover a duniya.[4]
Biodiversity
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A halin yanzu, an rubuta nau'ikan tsuntsaye 444 a Kuwait, nau'ikan 18 daga cikinsu suna haifuwa a cikin ƙasar.[5] Saboda wurin da yake a kan Tekun Farisa kusa da bakin kogin Tigris-Yufiretis, Kuwait tana kan hanyar manyan hanyoyin ƙaura da yawa kuma tsakanin tsuntsaye miliyan biyu zuwa uku suna wucewa a kowace shekara.[6] Tsarin halittu na ruwa da na bakin teku na Kuwait sun ƙunshi yawancin al'adun halittu na ƙasar.[6] Yankunan da ke arewacin Kuwait da Jahra sun zama da mahimmanci a matsayin mafaka ga masu ƙaura.[6]
Ana samun nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa ashirin da takwas a Kuwait; dabbobi kamar su gerboa, zomo na hamada da hedgehogs sun zama ruwan dare a cikin hamada.[6] Daga cikin nau'ikan dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke cikin haɗari sune jan fox da cat na daji.[6] An rubuta nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe arba'in kodayake babu wanda ke cikin Kuwait.[6]
Kuwait, Oman da Yemen sune kawai wuraren da aka tabbatar da shark mai laushi mai laushi kamar yadda yake faruwa.[7]
Tsibirin Kuwait muhimman wuraren kiwo ne ga nau'ikan tern guda huɗu da soccotra cormorant.[6] Tsibirin Kubbar an amince da shi a matsayin Muhimmin Yankin Tsuntsaye (IBA) ta BirdLife International saboda yana tallafawa mazaunin kiwo na fararen cheeked terns.[8]
Geology da aquifers
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An kafa ƙasar ne a cikin wani zamanin geologic na baya-bayan nan. A kudu, dutse mai laushi ya tashi a cikin wani tsawo, mai laushi na arewa wanda ke ƙarƙashin farfajiya. Yana cikin kuma a ƙasa da wannan tsari cewa manyan filayen mai, mafi mahimmancin albarkatun halitta na Kuwait, suna samuwa.[1] A yamma da arewa, yadudduka na yashi, dutse, laka, da yumɓu sun rufe dutse mai zurfi zuwa zurfin fiye da mita 210.[1] Yankunan sama na waɗannan gadaje suna daga cikin tarin datti da aka ajiye ta babban Wadi wanda tashar ta baya-bayan nan ita ce Wadi al Batin, kwarin da ba shi da zurfi wanda ya zama iyakar yammacin ƙasar.[1]
A A gefen yamma na halittar Al Rawdatayn, an gano wani ruwa mai ruwa a cikin 1960 kuma ya zama babban tushen ruwa na Kuwait[1]. Ba a wadatar da samar da ruwa mai yawa ba, amma ana amfani da shi ne domin a kara wa dattin ruwan da ya cika yawancin bukatun kasar.[1] Daya tilo da aka yi amfani da ruwa da ruwa ya ta’allaka ne a yankin da ba za a iya jurewa ba a saman dutsen dutsen filin Ash Shuaybah kudu da gabashin birnin Kuwait.[1] Sabanin ruwan da ke fitowa daga rafin Al Rawdatayn, ruwan da ke cikin tafkin Ash Shuaybah ba shi da kauri. Miliyoyin lita a rana na wannan ruwan ana hakowa don kasuwanci da kuma amfanin gida[1].[1]
Ruwa da marshes
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin].svg)
Kuwait wani bangare ne na Tsarin kogin Tigris-Yufiretis.[9][10][11][12][13] Yawancin haɗuwa da Tigris-Yufiretis sun zama ɓangarorin iyakar Kuwait-Irak. Tsibirin Bubiyan wani bangare ne na Shatt al-Arab delta . [14] Kuwait wani bangare ne na Mesopotamian Marshes.[15] Kuwait a halin yanzu ba ta da koguna na dindindin a cikin yankinta. Koyaya, Kuwait tana da wadis da yawa, wanda ya fi shahara shine Wadi al-Batin wanda ya zama iyaka tsakanin Kuwait da Iraki. Kuwait kuma tana da tashoshin ruwa masu kama da kogi da yawa a kusa da tsibirin Bubiyan, musamman Khawr Abd Allah wanda yanzu ya zama bakin teku, amma sau ɗaya shine wurin da Shatt al-Arab ya shiga cikin Tekun Farisa. Khawr Abd Allah yana cikin kudancin Iraki da arewacin Kuwait, iyakar Iraki da Kuwait ta raba ƙananan ɓangaren bakin teku, amma kusa da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Umm Qasr bakin teku ya zama gaba ɗaya Iraki. Ya zama iyakar arewa maso gabashin tsibirin Bubiyan da iyakar arewacin Tsibirin Warbah.
Kuwait ta dogara da cire ruwan gishiri a matsayin tushen ruwa mai kyau don sha da kuma dalilai na gida.[16][17] A halin yanzu akwai fiye da tsire-tsire shida.[17] Kuwait ita ce ƙasa ta farko a duniya da ta yi amfani da desalination don samar da ruwa don amfani da gida mai yawa. Tarihin cire gishiri a Kuwait ya samo asali ne daga 1951 lokacin da aka ba da izinin shayarwa na farko.[16]
Abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa mai laushi na Kuwait suna iyakance ga ruwan kasa, ruwan teku mai laushi, da kuma tsabtace ruwan da ba a tsabtace su ba.[16] Akwai manyan shuke-shuke uku na tsabtace ruwa.[16] Yawancin buƙatun ruwa a halin yanzu ana gamsar da su ta hanyar tsire-tsire na ruwan teku.[16][17] Ana kula da zubar da shara ta hanyar hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta kasa wacce ke rufe kashi 98% na wurare a cikin ƙasar.[18]
Yanayin ɗan adam
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin mutanen Kuwait suna zaune a babban Birnin Kuwait na bakin teku. Ƙananan jama'a suna zaune a kusa da garin Al Jahrah, ƙananan hamada da garuruwan bakin teku, kuma, kafin Yakin Gulf na Farisa, wasu daga cikin tsibirai da yawa da ke kusa, musamman Faylakah .
Yankin yankuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Area
-
- Total: 17,818 km²
- Land: 17,818 km²
- Water: 0 km²
- Area—comparative
- Slightly smaller than Fiji
- Land boundaries
-
- Total: 475 km
- Border countries: Iraq 254 km, Saudi Arabia 221 km
- Coastline
- 499 km
- Maritime claims
- Exclusive Economic Zone
- 11,026 square kilometres (4,257 sq mi)
- Territorial sea: 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi)
- Elevation extremes
-
- Lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m
- Highest prominence: Mutla Ridge 142 m
- Highest point: unnamed site without prominence in the Jahra Governorate at 29°6′2″N 46°38′27″E / 29.10056°N 46.64083°E 291 m
Albarkatarwa da amfani da ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Albarkatun halitta
- Man fetur, kifi, shrimp, iskar gas
- Amfani da ƙasa
-
- Yankin noma: 0.6%
- Amfanin gona na dindindin: 0.3%
- Kiwo na dindindin: 7.6%
- Dajin: 0.4%
- Sauran: 91.1% (2011)
- Ƙasar da ake ban ruwa
- 86 km2 (2007)
- Jimlar albarkatun ruwa masu sabuntawa
- 0.02 km3 (2011)
- Rashin ruwa mai laushi (na gida / masana'antu / aikin gona)
-
- Jimillar: 0.91 km3/shekara (47%/2%/51%)
- Kowace mutum: 441.2 m3/shekara (2005)
Damuwa da muhalli
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Gajimare kwatsam ya zama ruwan dare daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu - suna kawo ruwan sama mai yawa wanda zai lalata hanyoyi da gidaje; guguwar yashi da kura suna faruwa a duk shekara, amma sun fi yawa tsakanin Maris da Agusta
Muhalli — al'amuran yau da kullun Iyakantattun albarkatun ruwa na halitta; wasu daga cikin manya-manyan wurare da nagartattun wuraren tsabtace ruwa na duniya suna samar da ruwa mai yawa; gurbacewar iska da ruwa; Hamada
- a; hamada
- Muhalli - yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa
-
- Jam'iyyar zuwa: Biodiversity, Canjin yanayi, Canjin Canjin Yanayin-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Dabbobi masu haɗari, Canjin Muhalli, Hadari, Dokar Tekun
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named:0 - ↑ "Iraq". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 2000. Archived from the original on December 11, 2000. Retrieved 2021-09-01.
- ↑ "Surveying and Establishment of a Comprehensive Database for the Marine Environment of Kuwait eMISK" (PDF).
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Ramsar (7 September 2015). "Kuwait becomes Ramsar state". BirdGuides. Archived from the original on 19 February 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2015.
- ↑ Lepage, Denis. "Checklist of birds of Kuwait". Bird Checklists of the World. Avibase.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 "National Biodiversity Strategy for the State of Kuwait". 7 September 2015. p. 12. Archived from the original on 19 February 2016. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "natstrat" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Edmonds, N.J.; Al-Zaidan, A.S.; Al-Sabah, A.A.; Le Quesne, W.J.F.; Devlin, M.J.; Davison, P.I.; Lyons, B.P. (February 2021). "Kuwait's marine biodiversity: Qualitative assessment of indicator habitats and species". Marine Pollution Bulletin. 163: 111915. Bibcode:2021MarPB.16311915E. doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111915. PMID 33360724.
- ↑ "Kubbar Island". BirdLife Data Zone. BirdLife International. 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
- ↑ Abdelmohsen, Karem; Sultan, Mohamed; Save, Himanshu; Abotalib, Abotalib Z.; Yan, Eugene; Zahran, Khaled H. (2022). "Buffering the impacts of extreme climate variability in the highly engineered Tigris Euphrates river system". Scientific Reports. 12 (1): 4178. Bibcode:2022NatSR..12.4178A. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-07891-0. PMC 8907168 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 35264678 Check|pmid=value (help). S2CID 247361048 Check|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ Rubec, Clayton (2009). "The Key Biodiversity Areas Project in Iraq: Objectives and scope 2004–2008": 40. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help) - ↑ "Lower Tigris & Euphrates". feow.org. 2013. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015.
- ↑ "Lower Tigris & Euphrates". feow.org.
- ↑ Bozkurt, Deniz; Omer Lutfi Sen (2012). "Hydrological response of past and future climate changes in the Euphrates-Tigris Basin" (PDF). p. 1.
The Euphrates-Tigris Basin, covering areas in five countries (Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Iran and Kuwait), is a major water resource of the Middle East.
- ↑ Reinink-Smith, Linda; Carter, Robert (2022). "Late Holocene development of Bubiyan Island, Kuwait". Quaternary Research. 109: 16–38. Bibcode:2022QuRes.109...16R. doi:10.1017/qua.2022.3. S2CID 248250022 Check
|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ Irzoqy, Israa Mahmooed Mohammed; Ibrahim, Lamia Flaieh; Al-Tufaily, Hodoud Mohamed Abboud (2022). "Analysis of the environmental reality of the marshes and its sustainable development". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 1002 (1): 7–15. Bibcode:2022E&ES.1002a2010I. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1002/1/012010. S2CID 248237509 Check
|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 F. Hamoda, Mohamed (September 2001). "Desalination and water resource management in Kuwait". Desalination. 138 (1–3): 165. doi:10.1016/S0011-9164(01)00259-4. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "scidi" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 17.0 17.1 17.2 "Irrigation in the near east region in figures". Food and Agriculture Organization. Archived from the original on 11 October 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2016. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "fao" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ "Regulations of Wastewater Treatment and Reuse in Kuwait". Beatona. Archived from the original on 19 February 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2016.