Yanayin yanayi na Seychelles

 

Seychelles wata karamar tsibiri ce a gabashin nahiyar Afirka da ke cikin Tekun Zanj a arewacin Madagascar, tare da Antsiranana a matsayin birni mafi kusa da ketare.  Seychelles tana tsakanin kusan 4ºS da 10ºS da 46ºE da 54ºE.  Al'ummar tsibiri ce mai tsibiran wurare masu zafi 155, wasu granite da wasu murjani, yawancinsu kanana ne kuma ba kowa.  Fadin kasa ya kai murabba'in kilomita 452 (sq mi) amma tsibiran sun bazu a kan keɓantaccen yanki na tattalin arziki mai faɗin murabba'in kilomita 1,336,559 (516,048 sq mi).  Kusan kashi 90 cikin 100 na al'ummar 100,000 suna zaune a Mahé, kashi 9 cikin 100 a Praslin da La Digue.  Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na yankin shine tsibirin Mahe da ƙarin kashi uku na adadin Aldabra.

Akwai yankuna biyu daban-daban, tsibirin dutse, tsibirin teku kawai na dutse na dutse da tsibirin coralline na waje. Tsibirin dutse sune tsibirai mafi tsufa a duniya, yayin da tsibirai na waje galibi matasa ne, kodayake ƙungiyar Aldabra da St Pierre (Farquhar Group) ba su da kyau, tsibirai masu tasowa waɗanda suka fito kuma suka nutse sau da yawa a cikin tarihin su, mafi yawan nutsewa daga kimanin shekaru 125,000 da suka gabata

Yanayin jiki

The archipelago consists of 155 islands and thirty prominent rock formations scattered throughout a self-proclaimed exclusive economic zone of more than 1,350,000 square kilometres (520,000 sq mi) of ocean. Some forty islands are granitic and lie in a 90 kilometres (56 mi) radius from Mahé, the main island. The remaining islands are coralline, stretching over a 1,200 kilometres (750 mi) radius from Ile Aux Vaches in the northeast to the Aldabra Atoll in the southwest. The country's Inner Islands are the granitic islands plus two nearby coralline islands, Bird Island and Denis Island. The remaining coralline islands are the Outer Islands. The islands are all small—the aggregate land area is only 455 square kilometres (176 sq mi).

Mahé is 25 kilometres (16 mi) long and no more than 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) wide, with an area of 156.7 square kilometres (61 sq mi). It contains the capital and only city, Victoria, an excellent port. Victoria lies approximately 1,600 kilometres (990 mi) east of Mombasa, Kenya; 2,800 kilometres (1,700 mi) southwest of Mumbai; 1,700 kilometres (1,100 mi) north of Mauritius; and 920 kilometres (570 mi) northeast of Madagascar. The only other important islands by virtue of their size and population are Praslin and La Digue, situated about thirty kilometers to the northeast of Mahé.

An kafa tsibirin dutse a kan wani yanki da ya rabu da farantin nahiyar Indiya a lokacin Palaeocene kimanin shekaru miliyan 66 da suka gabata yayin fashewar babban nahiyar Gondwana. Wannan rabuwar tana da alaƙa da aikin dutsen wuta wanda ya gina Mascarene Plateau . Wadannan tsibirai na dutse suna da halayen tsaunuka da duwatsu masu tsawo har zuwa mita 940 (3,080 da ke tashi kwatsam daga teku. A wani wuri kuma, ƙananan filayen bakin teku sun kai ga gindin tuddai. Ana samun coral reefs da suka bunkasa sosai galibi a gabar gabas saboda iskar kasuwanci ta kudu maso yamma da halin yanzu. Kashi casa'in da tara na yawan jama'a suna kan tsibirin dutse, kuma mafi yawansu suna kan Mahé.

Tsibirin coralline sun bambanta sosai daga dutsen dutse saboda suna da faɗi sosai, sau da yawa suna tashi kawai da 'yan ƙafa (mita ɗaya) sama da matakin teku. Ba su da ruwa mai kyau, kuma kaɗan ne kawai ke da mazauna mazauna. Mutane da yawa, kamar Ile aux Vaches, Ile Denis, Isles Amirante, Platte Island, da Coetivy Island, yashi ne wanda aka kafa gonakin kwakwa masu yawa. Wasu daga cikin tsibirai na coralline sun kunshi reefs da atolls da aka rufe da tsire-tsire. Da yawa daga cikin wadannan tsibirai sun kasance muhimman wuraren kiwo ga turtles da tsuntsaye, da kuma shafukan yanar gizo na manyan ajiyar guano, wanda a baya ya zama muhimmin bangare na tattalin arzikin Seychellois amma yanzu ga mafi yawan sun ƙare. Tsibirin Aldabra, mafi girman tsibirin coralline tare da yanki mafi girma fiye da Mahe, wuri ne mai tsarki ga dabbobi da tsuntsaye masu ban mamaki.

Ƙungiyoyin tsibirai biyar na coralline da suka hada da Tsibirin Outer sune Kudancin Coral Group (wani lokaci na Île Platte da Coëtivy Island), Tsibirin Amirante, Ƙungiyar Alphonse (Alphonse Atoll da St. François Atoll), Aldabra_Group" id="mwoQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Aldabra Group">Kungiyar Aldabra (Aldabra Atoll, Tsibirin Assumption, da kuma Cosmoledo Group, wanda ya ƙunshi Cosmoleedo Atoll da Tsibirin Astove), da Farquhar Group (Farquhar Atoll, Providence Atoll da Tsibirin St. Pierre).

Ilimin ƙasa

Bankin Seychelles an kafa shi ne a kan wani ginshiki na dutse, wani yanki da ya rabu da farantin nahiyoyin Indiya a lokacin Palaeocene kimanin shekaru miliyan 66 da suka gabata.  Wannan rabuwar tana da alaƙa da aikin volcanic wanda ya gina Mascarene Plateau.  Abubuwan da suka faru na syenite, diorite da microgranite a yammacin bankin Seychelles na iya yin nuni da cewa ajiyar da aka samu a arewa maso yammacin Tekun Indiya a fili ya kori Seychelles zuwa kudu maso yamma, wanda ya sa ta yi karo da gefen arewa maso gabas na Mascarene Basin.  Wannan karon zai iya haifar da ci gaban titin Amirante.  Wannan ƙirƙira na ɓarna yana da alaƙa da hotspot na Réunion wanda kuma ke da alhakin Tsibirin Réunion da Tarkon Deccan a Indiya.  Saboda dogon ware, Seychelles yana ba da bakuncin jinsi da yawa ciki har da Coco de mer, wata dabino wanda ke da mafi girma tsaba na kowane shuka mai girma a duniya.  [ana binciken hujja] [<span title="Wannan da'awar na bukatar nassoshi ga amintattun majiyoyi.

Yanayi

Yanayin Seychelles na wurare masu zafi ne, yana da ɗan bambancin yanayi. Yanayin zafi a kan Mahe da wuya ya tashi sama da 29 °C (84 °F) ° C (84 ° F) ko ya sauka ƙasa da 24 °C (75 °F) ° C (75 ° F). Rashin zafi yana da yawa, amma tasirinsa na enervating yawanci ana inganta shi ta hanyar iskõki masu yawa. Ruwan kudu maso gabas daga ƙarshen Mayu zuwa Satumba yana kawo yanayin sanyi, kuma ruwan arewa maso yamma daga Maris zuwa Mayu, yanayin zafi.

Iska mai ƙarfi ba ta da yawa saboda yawancin tsibirai suna waje da belin guguwar Tekun Indiya; Mahe ta sha wahala kawai tarihin da aka rubuta a 1862. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a Mahe matsakaicin 2,880 millimeters (113 in) a matakin teku kuma kusan 3,550 millimeters (in) a kan gangaren dutse. Ruwan sama ya ɗan ƙasa a sauran tsibirai, matsakaicin matsakaicin 500 millimeters (20 in) a kowace shekara a tsibirin coral na kudancin.

Saboda karɓar ruwa yana samar da mafi yawan hanyoyin ruwa a Seychelles, bambancin shekara-shekara a cikin ruwan sama ko ma ɗan gajeren lokacin fari na iya haifar da ƙarancin ruwa. An gina ƙananan madatsun ruwa a kan Mahe tun daga shekara ta 1969 a kokarin tabbatar da wadatar ruwa mai aminci, amma fari har yanzu na iya zama matsala a kan Ma He kuma musamman a kan La Digue .

Tsire-tsire da dabbobi

Tsibirin Mahé

White beach a tsibirin La Digue

Seychelles ta ƙunshi aƙalla nau'ikan tsire-tsire na furanni 75, nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa guda uku, nau'in tsuntsaye 14, nau'ikan dabbobi masu rarrafe 30 da masu rarrafe, da nau'ikan katantanwa da kwari da gizo-gizo da sauran nau'ikan katantanwa da ba a samu a wani wuri ba[1].  Bugu da ƙari, ruwan ya ƙunshi nau'ikan kifaye fiye da 900, waɗanda fiye da kashi ɗaya bisa uku suna da alaƙa da murjani reefs.  Misalai na musamman na tsuntsayen su ne Seychelles paradise flycatcher, Seychelles black parrot, Seychelles warbler, [2] da jirgin kasa mara tashi. Mafi shahara daga cikin dabbobin Seychelles sune manyan kunkuru na aldabrachelys.  [ana yanayi hujja] [citation need]

Barazanar muhalli

Vast amounts of plastic debris accumulate on beaches across Seychelles. Observational analysis suggests that most terrestrial debris originates from Indonesia, India, and Sri Lanka. Debris associated with fisheries including fish aggregating devices also poses a major problem. Rats have reduced biodiversity on many islands. Climate change is also a significant issue.

Seychelles ta fara magance matsalar kiyayewa a ƙarshen shekarun 1960 ta hanyar kirkirar Hukumar Kula da Yanayi, daga baya aka sake masa suna Hukumar Kula da Muhalli ta Seychelles. An ware tsarin wuraren shakatawa na kasa da wuraren adana dabbobi wanda ke rufe kashi 42% na yankin ƙasar kuma kimanin kilomita 260 (100 sq na wuraren ruwa da ke kewaye. Shari'a tana kare namun daji kuma tana hana ayyuka daban-daban masu lalacewa.

Babban aikin ya sami tallafin Fonds Francais pour l'environnement Mondiale (FFEM) kuma Island Conservation Society ta aiwatar da shi. Wannan yana da niyyar farfadowa da haɓaka tsibirai don kula da bambancin halittu na asali a Seychelles ta hanyar kawar da nau'in da aka gabatar, farfado da wuraren zama da sake gabatar da nau'ikan da ba su da yawa ko barazana. An kawar da Rats daga Arewacin tsibirin, Cosmoledo Atoll da Conception Island.

Gaskiya da adadi

Cikakken taswirar Seychelles

Yanayin ƙasa: 4°35′S 55°40′E / 4.583°S 55.667°E / -4.583; 55.6674°35′S 55°40′E

Yankin: jimillar:: 459 km² ƙasa: 459 км² ruwa: 0 km²   

Yankin ƙasa: 0 km 

Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200 nautical miles (370.4 km; 230.2 mi) or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 1,336,559 square kilometres (516,048 sq mi) with 200 nautical miles (370.4 km; 230.2 mi) territorial sea: 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi)

Matsakaicin tsawo: mafi ƙasƙanci: Tekun Indiya 0 m mafi girma: Morne Seychellois 905 m

Albarkatun halitta: kifi, copra, itatuwan cinnamon

Muhalli - yarjejeniyar kasa da kasa: jam'iyya zuwa: Daban-daban na Halitta, Canjin Yanayi, Hamada, Nau'in Halitta, Haɗaɗɗiyar Sharar gida, Dokar Teku, Jibgar Ruwa, Haramtacciyar Gwajin Nukiliya, Kariyar Layer Ozone, Gurɓatar Jirgin ruwa, Whaling sanya hannu, amma ba a tabbatar da shi ba: Canjin Yanayi-Kyoto ProtocolYarjejeniyar Kyoto

Tebur na Tsibirin

Tsibirin	Babban Birni	Sauran birane	Yankin (km2)	Yawan jama'a
Tsibirin Inner	Victoria	Hanyar wucewa, Babban Anse	247.20	89521
Tsibirin Mahe	Victoria		163.20	78333
Ba a san sunansa ba	Ba a san sunansa ba	Anse Pimen Verde,	0.10	5
Doki	Gida	Kapok Tree Beach, West Beach, Turtle Beach, South Point,	1.27	100
Tsarin da aka tsara	Rashin fahimta		0.6	0
Adnin	Shirin Eden		0.56	100
Ga shanu			0.04	0
Tsawon Lokaci	Anse Shangri-La	Kurkukun Anse	0.23	100
Mahé	Victoria	Kashi, Anse Royale, Anse Boileau, Beau Vallon	156.70	77983
Mama	Mama		0.1	0
Matsakaicin matsakaici	Gidan Brendon Grimshaw	Anse Jolly Roger	0.09	1
Zagaye	Île Ronde[usurped]		0.02	1
Anne mai tsarki	Babban Anse	Anse dutsen da ke cike da furanni, Anse Royal, Anse Tortue, Anse Manon,	2.19	40
Therese	Anse Therese		0.74	3
Sauran Tsibirin	Romainville Archived 2012-11-27 at the Wayback Machine An adana shi 2012-11-27 a	Tsibirin Rana	0.56	0
Tsibirin Praslin	Babban Anse	Anse Volbert, St. Anne	42.20	7682
Rashin ruwa	Ƙauyen da ba shi da ruwa	Robinson Crusoe rairayin bakin teku, Turtle rairayin kan teku,	0.68	8
Chauve Souris	Anse Chauve Souris Archived 2013-01-23 at the Wayback Machine An adana shi 2013-01-23 a		0.01	2
Dan uwan	Dan uwansa		0.29	6
Dan uwan	Yankin gabas	Yammacin rairayin bakin teku, Arewacin rairayar bakin teku	0.26	16
Mai son sani	Laraie Bay	Anse St. Joseph, arse papao, babban arse, ja tip (ja), arse badamer, caimant tip, turtoise point,	2.86	7
Hauwa'u	Shirin Tsibirin Hauwa'u		0.27	100
Praslin	Babban Anse	Anse Volbert, Bay St. AnneBayar St. Anne	37.56	7533
Zagaye	Anse Round	Anse Chez Gaby	0.19	10
Sauran Tsibirin	Tsibirin Booby		0.07	0
La Digue da Tsibirin Inner	Tafiya		41.80	3506
Tsuntsu	Garin Tsibirin Tsuntsu	Masu kallon tsuntsaye	0.75	38
Denis	St. Denis	iyakar arewa, katako na azurfa, baƙar fata,	1.43	80
Farin Ciki	La Penice	Shekaru Zil Pasyon, Shekaru Masu Girma,	2.68	20
Jirgin Ruwa	Jirgin Ruwa	Anse Lesange, Anse Bambous,	2.20	214
Tsibirin 'Yan uwa	Otal din Grand Soeur	Ƙaramar Ƙaramar	1.18	2
Digue	Tafiya	Anse dankali, cap bayard, babban anse, dutse itace, L'Union, La Reunion	10.30	2800
Marianne	Shekaru da Kotun	Yankin da ke kan dutsen Joncs, Yankin da ake kira Grand Glacis	0.97	0
Arewa	North Island Lodge	Gabashin Gabas, Yammacin Yamma (ko Babban Anse), Honeymoon Cove, Dive Beach	2.00	152
Siffar mutum	Tafiya	Babban Barbe,	20.00	200
Sauran Tsibirin	Cocos	Recife	0.29	0
Tsibirin waje	(Coëtivy)	Rashin jinin da aka yi amfani da shiAlphonse	211.8	503
Kungiyar Aldabra	Tunanin rairayin bakin teku na yamma	Tashar tsibirin Picard, Aldabra anse mais, Aldabr anse var,	178.24	12
Aldabra	Tashar tsibirin Picard	Anse amma, anse var,	155.4	0
Tunanin	Tunanin rairayin bakin teku na yamma		11.6	12
Cosmoledo			5.13	0
Astove			7.9	0
Sauran Tsibirin			0.	0
Ƙungiyar Alphonse	Gabashin Gabas	Kudancin Anse	2.2	84
Alphonse	Gabashin Gabas	Kudancin Anse	1.7	84
St. Francis			0.5	0
Sauran Tsibirin			0.	0
Ƙungiyar Amirante	Rushewa	D'Arros, Arewacin Piri, Remire (Eagle), Marie Louise	9.9	123
D'Arros	Gidan	Yankin rairayin bakin teku na arewa	1.5	42
Rushewa	ƙauyen kudancin	arewa maso gabas, Bombe Bay,	3.24	50
Albasa	Piri na Arewa	Kudancin Kudancin	2.48	10
Rashin (Jama'a)			0.	6
Marie Louise	Ƙauyen arewa maso yamma		0.53	15
Sauran Tsibirin			2.15	0
Kungiyar Farquhar	Farquhar Anse Franc	Gudanarwa	13.2	21
Farquhar	Anse Franc	Ashirin da biyar	8.00	15
Gudanarwa			3.5	6
Tsibirin St. Pierre			1.6	0
Sauran Tsibirin			0.1	0
Kungiyar Kudancin Coral	Haɗin kai	Tsibirin Platte	9.96	263
Haɗin kai	Haɗin kai		9.31	260
Farantin	Tsibirin Platte		0.65	3
Sauran Tsibirin			0.0	0
Seychelles	Victoria		459.0	90024

Abubuwa masu tsanani

Wannan jerin manyan wurare ne na Seychelles, wuraren da ke arewa, kudu, gabas ko yamma fiye da kowane wuri.

• Yankin arewacin - Tsibirin Bird, Gundumar Tsibirin Outer
• Yankin Gabas mafi Girma - Tsibirin Coëtivy, Gundumar Tsibirin waje
• Yankin kudu - Tsibirin Goelette, Farquhar Group, Gundumar Tsibirin waje
• Yammacin Yamma - Tsibirin Yamma, Tsibirin Aldabra, Gundumar Tsibirin Outer