Yanayin yanayi na St. Petersburg
Saint Petersburg birni ne kuma batun tarayya ne wanda ke cikin Gundumar Tarayya ta Arewa maso Yamma Rasha . Yana tsaye a bakin Kogin Neva a gabashin ƙarshen Tekun Finland (wani ɓangare na Tekun Baltic).
Yanayin ƙasa
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Yankin birnin Saint Petersburg daidai shine 605.8 km2 (233.9 sq mi). A matsayin abin da ya shafi tarayya Saint Petersburg ya ƙunshi, ban da Saint Petersburg daidai, garuruwa da yawa (Kolpino, Krasnoye Selo, Kronstadt, Lomonosov, Pavlovsk, Petergof, Pushkin, Sestroretsk da Zelenogorsk), ƙauyuka 21 na birni, da kuma yankunan karkara. Jimlar yanki na batun tarayya har zuwa 2015[sabuntawa] ya ƙunshi 1439 km2
Batun tarayya da birnin Saint Petersburg suna kan tsakiyar taiga lowlands tare da gabar Neva Bay na Gulf of Finland, tare da gaɓar ƙananan kogin Neva da kansa da kuma tsibirai da yawa na Kogin Delta.
A arewacin birnin akwai Karelian Isthmus, wani shahararren wurin shakatawa na bazara ga 'yan ƙasa, yayin da a kudancin Saint Petersburg ya haye Baltic-Ladoga Klint kuma ya sadu da Izhora Plateau.
Tsayin Saint Petersburg ya kasance daga matakin teku zuwa mafi girman matsayi na 175.9 m (577 ft) a tudun Orehovaya Duderhof Heights a kudu. Koyaya, cibiyar birni ta tarihi (sai dai yankin tsakanin Liteyny Prospekt da Smolnaya Embankment) tana ƙasa da mita 4 (13 sama da matakin teku kuma ta sha wahala daga ambaliyar ruwa kusan sau 300 a tarihinta. Ambaliyar ruwa a Saint Petersburg ta haifar da raƙuman ruwa masu tsawo Tekun Baltic, suna tasowa akai-akai a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayin yanayi kuma suna ƙaruwa da iskõki masu kyau da kuma rashin zurfin Neva Bay. Ambaliyar ruwa mafi muni ta faru ne 1824 (4.21 m (13 ft 10 in) in sama da matakin teku ), 1924 (3.80 m (12 ft 6 in) ft 6 in), 1777 (3.21 m (10 ft 6 in) ft 6 in, 1955 (2.93 m (9 ft 7 in) in) da 1975 (2.81 m (9 ft 3 in) feet ). An kammala madatsar ruwan Saint Petersburg, wanda aka gina don hana ambaliyar ruwa, a watan Agustan 2011 bayan wani dogon lokaci na gini wanda ya fara a shekara ta 1979.
Tun daga karni na 18 an ɗaga filin da ke tsakiyar gari a hankali, a wasu wurare da fiye da mita 4 (13 . Hydrology na tsakiyar gari da yawan tsibirai suma sun canza sosai.
Baya ga Neva da masu rarraba shi, wasu muhimman koguna na batun tarayya na Saint Petersburg sun hada da Sestra, Okhta da Izhora.
Tafkin mafi girma shine Sestroretsky Razliv a arewa, a waje da iyakokin Saint Petersburg. Lakhtinsky Razliv da Suzdal Lakes ƙananan tabkuna ne a cikin iyakar arewacin birnin.
Matsayin St. Petersburg a kan latitude na kimanin 60 ° N, kasa da digiri bakwai zuwa kudancin Arctic Circle, yana haifar da babban bambancin Tsawon rana a fadin yanayi, daga 5 h 53 min zuwa 18 h 50 min, kuma yana haifar da dusar ƙanƙara don ƙarshe duk dare a farkon lokacin rani, daga Yuni zuwa tsakiyar Yuli - abin da aka sani da fararen dare.
Tsibirin
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tsibirin Vasilyevsky shine tsibirin mafi girma (ba tare da la'akari da tsibirin wucin gadi da ba a san sunansa ba wanda Obvodny Canal da Fontanka da Kotlin Island suka kafa (shafin Kronstadt) a cikin Neva Bay), sannan Petrogradsky, Dekabristov da Krestovsky Islands suka biyo baya. Wannan na ƙarshe, tare da Yelagin da Kamenny Island, sun samar da abin da ake kira tsibirin Kirovskiye, wanda yawancin wuraren shakatawa suka rufe.
- Tsibirin Aptekarsky
- Tsibirin Artillery
- Tsibirin Kanonersky
- Tsibirin New Holland
- Tsibirin Spassky, tsakanin kogin Fontanka, Moika, Griboyedov da KryukovHanyoyin Kryukov
- Tsibirin Zayachy (Hare Island), shafin yanar gizon Peter da PaulGinin Bitrus da Bulus
Yanayi
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Saint-Petersburg tana fuskantar yanayi mai ɗanɗano na nahiya na yanayin zafi mai zafi (Köppen: Dfb), saboda tasirin daidaitawa na guguwar Tekun Baltic. Lokacin bazara yawanci yana da sauƙi zuwa zafi, ɗanɗano kuma gajere sosai, yayin da lokacin sanyi yana da tsayi da sanyi amma tare da yawan zafi. Matsakaicin matsakaicin lokacin hunturu shine kusan -9 °C (16 °F), kuma rikodin ƙarancin zafin jiki shine -35.9 °C (-32.6 °F), wanda aka rubuta a cikin 1883. Ƙasa mai daskarewa wani yanki ne na al'ada na hunturu a can. Kogin Neva a cikin iyakokin birni yawanci yana daskarewa a cikin Nuwamba – Disamba (a cikin 2007 da 2020 ya yi a ƙarshen Janairu kawai), yayin da rabuwa ke faruwa a cikin Afrilu. A matsakaita akwai kwanaki 123 tare da murfin dusar ƙanƙara (tsayayyen daga Disamba zuwa Maris), wanda ya kai matsakaicin 240 mm (9+1⁄2 a) zuwa Fabrairu. Lokacin da babu sanyi a cikin birni yana ɗaukar matsakaita na kusan kwanaki 135. Akwai bambance-bambancen yanayin zafi a cikin iyakokin birni, kuma birnin da kansa yana fuskantar yanayi mai zafi fiye da kewayen birni. Yanayin yanayi, duk da haka, yana da sauƙin canzawa a duk shekara.240 mm (9.4 in)
Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara ya bambanta a duk faɗin birnin, kasancewar kusan 600-750 mm a kowace shekara a matsakaici kuma ya kai matsakaicin a ƙarshen lokacin rani da arewa. Kodayake wannan adadi ba shi da yawa da kansa, danshi na ƙasa kusan koyaushe yana da yawa saboda ƙarancin evapotranspiration saboda yanayin sanyi. Rashin zafi na iska ma yana da yawa (78% a matsakaici), kuma ruwan sama ya zama ruwan dare a ko'ina cikin shekara (kwana 165, a matsakaiciyar). Samfuri:Saint Petersburg weatherbox
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Rarrabawar gudanarwa na Saint Petersburg