Yanayin yanayi na Tunisia
Yanayin Tunusiya shine Bahar Rum a arewa, tare da sanyi mai sanyi da zafi mai bushewa. Kudancin ƙasar hamada ce. Ƙasar da ke arewa tana da tsaunuka, wanda, yana tafiya kudu, ya ba da hanya zuwa wani fili mai zafi, busasshiyar tsakiyar fili. Kudanci ba shi da ruwa, kuma ya hade cikin Sahara. Jerin tafkunan gishiri, waɗanda aka sani da chotts ko shatts, suna kwance a layin gabas-yamma a gefen arewacin Sahara, wanda ya tashi daga Gulf of Gabes zuwa Algeria. Mafi ƙasƙanci na shimfidar wuri na Tunisiya yana a Chott el Djerid, wanda ke tsaye a kan mita 17 (56 ft) ƙasa da matakin teku kuma mafi tsayi shine Jebel ech Chambi, a mita 1,544 (5,066 ft) sama da matakin teku..
Yanayin ƙasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yanayin kasar Tunisiya yana fama da nau'ikan iska iri-iri saboda yanayin wurin da yake: gabar tekun arewacin kasar na fuskantar matsakaita da iska mai danshi da ke kadawa daga kudancin Faransa, lamarin da ya haifar da raguwar yanayin zafi da kuma karuwar ruwan sama. A kudancin kasar, ana samun iska mai zafi da busasshiyar iskar nahiya, irin ta Chergui, da ke kadawa a kan manyan yankunan hamada da ke haifar da tashin gwauron zabi kwatsam da busasshiyar yanayi. Har ila yau, kasar tana cin gajiyar hasken rana mai yawa, wanda ya zarce sa'o'i 3000 a kowace shekara, wanda ya kai kololuwarta a kudancin hamadar, a kan iyakokin Aljeriya da Libya.
Yanayin zafi ya bambanta bisa ga latitude, longitude, da kusancin Tekun Bahar Rum. Yayin da yanayin zafi zai iya faɗuwa ƙasa da ma'aunin Celsius 0 a cikin hunturu a cikin tsaunin Kemer (Kroumirie), matsakaicin zafin jiki yakan tashi zuwa kusan ma'aunin Celsius 50 a yankunan hamada a lokacin rani. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara kuma ya bambanta ta yanki, daga kimanin 1000 mm a arewa zuwa kusan 380 mm a tsakiya da ƙasa zuwa ƙasa da 50 mm a kudu mai nisa.
Kasar tana da yanki na kimanin hekta 16,361,000, tare da hekta 9,700,500 na ƙasar noma da hekta 701,200 na ƙasar daji.[1]
Yankuna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin].svg)
Yanayin Tunisia ya kasu kashi bakwai, tare da babban bambanci tsakanin arewa da sauran ƙasar saboda tuddan Tunisiya waɗanda ke raba yankunan da ke ƙarƙashin Yanayin Bahar Rum da Yanayin hamada mai zafi na Sahara - mafi girman hamada mai ɗumi a duniya. Tsakanin su, akwai yanayi mai tsaka-tsaki tare da halaye na yau da kullun tsakanin manyan tsarin yanayi guda biyu a kasar.[2]
A matsakaici, yanayin zafi a Tunisia yana da yawa, matsakaicin digiri 18 na Celsius a duk shekara.[3] Akwai lokaci mai tsawo na 54 ° C a El Borma a cikin kudancin hamada a watan Agusta da kuma lokaci mai tsauri na -15 ° C a Thala (arewa) a watan Fabrairu. Tunisia tana cikin hamada kuma tana da zafi sosai. A lokacin watanni na rani na Agusta da Yuni, zafi yana ci gaba da kasancewa a kusa da matsakaicin zafin jiki na 94 °F (34 °C) ° F (34 ° C)
Canjin yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Tunisia ta sami karuwar yawan zafin jiki a cikin ƙarni na 20 da farkon ƙarni na 21, tare da matsakaicin zafin jiki ya tashi da kusan 1.2 ° C daga 1901 zuwa 2020.[4] Ana sa ran wannan yanayin yanayin ya tashi zai ci gaba, wanda ke haifar da tasiri da yawa a kan yanayin halittu na ƙasar, noma, da lafiyar ɗan adam.[5] Bahar Rum tana ɗaya daga cikin yankuna na duniya da tasirin canjin yanayi ya fi shafa. Yanayin zafi na Bahar Rum yana ƙaruwa da 20% da sauri fiye da matsakaicin duniya.[6] Kasar tana fuskantar babban rauni ga canjin yanayi, yana tsammanin mummunan tasirin daga yanayin zafi mai girma, karuwar busasshiyar ruwa, rage ruwan sama, da hauhawar matakan teku.[7] Wadannan canje-canje ana sa ran za su shafi albarkatun ruwa, noma, yanayin halittu, yankunan bakin teku, kiwon lafiya, da bangaren yawon bude ido.[8]
Ƙayyadadden albarkatun ruwa da ke akwai a Tunisia yana nufin cewa ƙasar tana da saukin kamuwa da ƙananan canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki wanda ke haifar da raguwar ruwa. Wannan ya sa ayyukan noma suka fi fuskantar tasirin canjin yanayi.[9] A sakamakon damuwa kamar hauhawar yanayin zafi, hauhawar matakin teku, da canji a cikin yanayin hazo, haɗarin da zai yiwu ga aikin gona a Tunisia sun haɗa da raguwar amfanin gona, sauyawa a cikin lokutan girma, lalacewar ingancin ƙasa da yawan aiki, karuwar salinization na aquifers da raguwar wadatar ruwa don ban ruwa. Wadannan canje-canje na iya shafar karuwar farashin abinci da karancin abinci da kuma asarar tattalin arziki, duka kudaden shiga na kasa da na gida.[8]
Canjin yanayi yana shafar birane kamar yadda kamfanoni a cikin birane ke ba da gudummawa sosai ga canjin yanayi.[6] A cewar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya Habitat, 2021, yankunan birni suna da kusan kashi 70% na hayakin CO2. [6] Yawan mutanen birane a Tunisia yana ƙaruwa. A halin yanzu, kashi 69% na yawan jama'a a Tunisia suna zaune a birane, kuma ana sa ran wannan yawan zai kai kashi 80% nan da shekara ta 2050.[10] Yanayin yanayi a Tunisia a arewa yana nuna ruwan sama da yanayin zafin jiki na yanayin Bahar Rum. Yanayin ya zama mai zafi da bushewa yana ci gaba da motsawa zuwa Kudu. Hoton yana nuna matsakaicin matsakaicin a Tunisia a duk shekara, kuma ya haɗa da kwanaki tare da sanyi, tsawon rana, kwanakin rigar, matsakaicin saurin iska, zafin teku, yawan zafin jiki, da matsakaicin tsawon rana na rani. [11]
Tasirin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da muhalli
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tunisia, wacce aka rarraba a matsayin ƙasa mai matsakaicin matsakaicin kudin shiga bisa ga Ƙungiyar Bankin Duniya, ta yi gagarumin ci gaba a cikin sauye-sauyen siyasa zuwa tsarin dimokuradiyya da tsarin mulki na gaskiya.[12] Wannan ya haɗa da sake fasalin ka'idojin siyasa da manufofi. Koyaya, ci gaban tattalin arzikinta bai ci gaba da irin wannan saurin ba.[7] Al'ummar tana fama da rarrabuwar siyasa da rashin yarjejeniya game da muhimman sauye-sauyen tattalin arziki.[13] Bugu da ƙari, rikice-rikicen da ke gudana a makwabciyar Libya ya kara kalubalen tattalin arziki, yana ba da gudummawa ga rashin jin daɗi na zamantakewa da rashin aikin yi, musamman tsakanin matasa.[7] Tun bayan juyin juya halin Tunisiya na shekara ta 2011, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida da Muhalli, ƙungiya mai alhakin a matakin ƙasa, da kuma kananan hukumomi sun shiga cikin tsari mai gudana don haɓaka yanke shawara da shiga cikin matakin gida. Irin waɗannan ayyukan suna da mahimmanci ga daidaitawar sauyin yanayi a matakin birane.[6]
Yankunan bakin teku na Tunisia suna da yanayin Bahar Rum, wanda ke ba da damar samarwa da noman 'ya'yan itace, kamar inabi da gonakin inabi, da zaitun.[14] Koyaya, ƙasar Tunisia tana da girma kuma tana da yankunan hamada inda dabarun noma suka saba da bunƙasa tsakanin ruwan sama mai ƙarancin zafi da matsanancin zafi.[14] Saboda yanayin yanayi daban-daban na Tunisia da abubuwan jan hankali na bakin teku, yawon bude ido ya kasance muhimmiyar hanyar samun kudaden shiga ga kasar.[15] Koyaya, yawon shakatawa na bakin teku da Yaduwar birane a bakin tekun sun shafi yanayin bakin teku da albarkatun ƙasa.
Bayanai
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- ↑ "FAO Country Profiles:Tunisia". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-10-20.
- ↑ (Stefan ed.). Missing or empty
|title=(help)[page needed] - ↑ "Tunisia Record High and Low Temperature (Celsius) Map and List - Updated November 2023". Plantmaps.com (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-11-09.
- ↑ "Regional Climate Change: Tunisia". Berkeley Earth (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-03-14.
- ↑ Bouatrous, Asma; Harbaoui, Kalthoum; Karmous, Chahine; Gargouri, Samia; Souissi, Amir; Belguesmi, Karima; Cheikh Mhamed, Hatem; Gharbi, Mohamed Salah; Annabi, Mohamed (17 June 2022). "Effect of Wheat Monoculture on Durum Wheat Yield under Rainfed Sub-Humid Mediterranean Climate of Tunisia". Agronomy. 12 (6): 1453. doi:10.3390/agronomy12061453.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Ben Youssef, Adel (13 October 2022). "Climate change in the Tunisian cities: lessons learned and best practices". Environmental Economics and Policy Studies. 26 (2): 145–164. doi:10.1007/s10018-022-00353-x. PMC 9559540 Check
|pmc=value (help). - ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 "World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal". climateknowledgeportal.worldbank.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-11-08.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 USAID (2018). "Climate Risk Profile: Tunisia" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 10, 2023.
- ↑ Sbaouelgi, Jihène (October 2018). "Impact of Climate Change on Date Production in Tunisia". Environmental Modeling & Assessment. 23 (5): 597–607. Bibcode:2018EMdAs..23..597S. doi:10.1007/s10666-018-9604-8. S2CID 158243682. ProQuest 2041233665.
- ↑ Nouhaile, Benachir (2023). "Best practices about climate change in Tunisian cities". SSRN 4566966 Check
|ssrn=value (help). - ↑ "Climate Graph for Tunis, Tunisia". www.tunis.climatemps.com. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
- ↑ "Learning for All Investing in People's Knowledge and Skills to Promote Development" (PDF). World Bank Group. 2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 10, 2023. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
- ↑ DC, Arab Center Washington (2023-08-23). "Tunisia's Fragmented and Polarized Political Landscape". Arab Center Washington DC (in Turanci). Retrieved 2023-12-13.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Tunisia | Water efficiency, productivity and sustainability in the NENA regions (WEPS-NENA) | منظمة الأغذية والزراعة للأمم المتحدة". www.fao.org. Retrieved 2023-11-14.
- ↑ "Tunisia Tourism Revenue Up 58% in 5 Months". tunisia-e-visa.com. Retrieved 2023-12-12.