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Yanayin yankin Barbuda

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Yanayin yankin Barbuda
General information
Gu mafi tsayi Barbuda Highlands (en) Fassara
Height above mean sea level (en) Fassara 122 m
Tsawo 24 km
Fadi 14.1 km
Yawan fili 161 km²
61.99 mi²
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa 17°38′N 61°49′W / 17.64°N 61.81°W / 17.64; -61.81
Bangare na Leeward Islands (en) Fassara
Lesser Antilles (en) Fassara
Windward Islands (en) Fassara
Wuri Karibiyan
Kasa Antigua da Barbuda
Territory Antigua da Barbuda
Flanked by Tekun Atalanta
Ƙasantuwa a yanayin ƙasa Lesser Antilles (en) Fassara
Hydrography (en) Fassara

Barbuda (/bɑːrˈb(j)uːdə/; Barbudan Creole: Baabyuuda) tsibiri ne kuma babban abin dogaro ne da ke gabashin Caribbean wanda ya zama wani yanki na tsibirai tagwaye na Antigua da kuma Barbuda a matsayin mahalli mai cin gashin kansa. Barbuda yana da nisan mil 30 (kilomita 48) arewa da Antigua. Iyakar ƙauyuka a tsibirin su ne Codrington da kewayenta. Barbuda tsibiri ce mai lebur wacce yankin yamma ke mamaye tafkin Codrington, kuma yankin gabas yana mamaye babban tuddan Barbuda, tare da tafkuna masu gishiri da ciyayi da ke bazu cikin tsibirin. An rarraba yanayin a matsayin marine na wurare masu zafi.

Mazaunan farko na Barbuda sun kasance masu farauta da masu tarawa a cikin jirgin ruwa kusan shekaru 3,000-4,000 da suka gabata.[1] Daga baya Arawak da Kalinago suka zauna a tsibirin.[1] Faransanci da Ingilishi sun biyo bayan mazauna farko na Mutanen Espanya waɗanda suka kafa mulkin mallaka a cikin shekara ta 1666. A shekara ta 1685, an ba da hayar Barbuda ga 'yan uwan John da Christopher Codrington. A cikin 1834, an soke bautar a Barbuda.[2] Saboda duk tsibirin an rufe shi da tallafin ƙasa guda ɗaya, Barbudans sun ci gaba da noma mai cin gashin kansu a kan dukiyar al'umma bayan kawar da bautar.

Tare da yawan mutane 1,634, da kuma yanki na murabba'in kilomita 6 (160 ), Barbuda yana ɗaya daga cikin tsibirai mafi ƙarancin jama'a a cikin Caribbean.[3] Barbuda tana da yawan jama'a da ya fi Antigua. A watan Satumbar 2017, Guguwar Guguwar Irma ta Kashi 5 ta lalata fiye da kashi 90 cikin 100 na gine-ginen Barbuda, kuma an kwashe dukkan jama'a zuwa Antigua. Ya zuwa watan Fabrairun 2019, yawancin mazauna sun koma tsibirin.[4] Yawan mutanen Barbuda yanzu ya fi yadda yake kafin guguwar.[5]

Tattalin arzikin Barbuda ya dogara ne da yawon bude ido da gwamnati, tare da gwamnatin tsakiya da karamar hukuma su ne manyan ma'aikata a tsibirin. Kifi yana da mafi yawan fitar da tsibirin, tare da tsibirin yana da masana'antar kama lobster.

Tarihi

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Lokacin archaic

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Gidajen farko a Barbuda sun kasance a 2,900-3,000 BC tare da isowar mutanen Archaic Age.[6][7] Wasu malamai sun kira wadannan mazauna na farko da Ciboney ko Siboney. [8] [1][9] Sauran malamai sun ce wadannan mutane ba Ciboney ba ne, wadanda suka zauna a Cuba, Jamaica, da Haiti, don haka suna kiran su mutanen Archaic Age, "Mutanen Archaic", ko mazauna farko.[8][6][7] Wadannan mazauna na farko sun isa Barbuda ta jirgin ruwa kuma sun kasance mafarauta-mai tarawa. Tushen ba su yarda da ko sun fito ne daga Kudancin Amurka ko Babban Antilles ba, ko kuma daga yankin Yucatán na Mexico.[9][10]

Abubuwan tarihi daga zamanin Archaic sun haɗa da yankan da aka yi daga gastropods, tare da hoes, picks, da kwantena na ruwa da aka gina daga conch, ƙaho, da kwarangwal.[1][9] An gano wuraren binciken archaeological a kudu maso yammacin bakin tekun Barbuda, daga Coco Point har zuwa Kogin, da kuma kusurwar kudu maso gabashin Lagoon.[9] An sami ƙarin wuraren zama a Codrington, River, Sucking Hole, Factory, da Goat Pen a bakin tekun.[11][9] A Boiling Rocks, kusa da Mutanen Espanya Point, an gano wasu ragowar mutum na baya-bayan nan waɗanda suka kasance carbon-date kamar yadda suke da shekaru 3,100.[9]

Lokacin yumbu

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Wadanda suka gaji Ciboney sune Arawaks, wadanda suka kasance a Barbuda da Antigua daga akalla 1,000 BC. Yawan jama'arsu a Barbuda ya kai tsakanin shekaru 1,500 da 800 da suka gabata.[9] Wataƙila sun zo ne daga Venezuela da Guyana na yanzu, kuma sun yi amfani da Barbuda don ɗan gajeren lokaci ko kayan yanayi.[9] Sun zauna mafi yawa a cikin Barbuda Highlands da Mutanen Espanya Point a cikin gabashin tsibirin, amma an san ƙarin rukunin ƙauyuka guda shida ko fiye ciki har da Sufferers, Indian Town Trail, Highland Road, Guava, da Welches. [9] [12] Arawaks sun shuka dankali mai zaki, masara, man shanu, auduga, taba, da sauran 'ya'yan itatuwa, kayan lambu, da tsire-tsire masu magani.[9] Sun kuma yi tukwane mai rikitarwa da aka sani da Saladoid.[9] Wannan tukwane na musamman, wanda ke nuna zane-zanen fararen-a-ja, an yi musu ado da ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa.[9] An samo tukunyar a Indian Town Trail, kusa da Two Foot Bay, da kuma Sufferers a yankin Mutanen Espanya Point.[9]

Mutanen Kalinago sun kuma shafe lokaci a Barbuda. A lokacin da Turawa suka iso, tabbas sun kori Arawaks.[9] Kalinago sun fi son tsibirai masu tsaunuka da ruwa mai kyau na Saint Kitts da Dominica, kuma sun ziyarci Barbuda ne kawai wani lokacin don girbi abincin teku da duk wani amfanin gona da dabbobi na ƙasa da za su iya samu.[9] A farkon shekarun 1700, an tilasta wa Sojojin Ruwa na Burtaniya kare mutanen Codrington daga hare-haren Kalinago saboda Kalinago ya zama mai hana mulkin mallaka na Turai.[9] Kalinago da ake kira Barbuda "Wa'omoni", wanda ake zaton yana nufin "Island of Herons"; duk da haka, yana iya nufin frigate ko tsuntsaye na yanayi, wanda ya zama ruwan dare a Barbuda. [13][14]

Lokacin mulkin mallaka

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Christopher Columbus ya yi tafiya ta gabashin Caribbean kudu da Antigua a cikin 1493, amma ba a san ko ya taɓa ganin Barbuda ba.[15] A karkashin takardar shaidar da aka ba Earl na Carlisle a cikin 1625, Kyaftin Smith da John Littleton sun yi ƙoƙari su mallaki Barbuda daga St. Kitts. [15] An kira Barbuda "Barbado" a cikin waɗannan Wasikun Patent . [15] Saboda tsayayyar Kalinago mai ƙarfi, wannan yunkurin mulkin mallaka bai yi nasara ba; duk da haka, mazauna farko da suka biyo baya da ake kira Barbuda "Dulcina", [15] kuma a shekara ta 1666 ƙauyen Codrington ya zama yankin zama na farko.[16] A shekara ta 1678, an mallaki Barbuda.[16] An ba da tsibirin ga dangin Codrington ta hanyar kambi a cikin shekara ta 1685. [16] Masu mulkin mallaka sun yi niyyar Barbuda ta zama mulkin mallaka na tilasta haifuwa amma wannan bai taɓa wucewa ba.[16][17][18]

Iyalin Codrington sun rike Barbuda daga 1685 zuwa 1870, kuma ba su da masu mallakar tsibirin. Codringtons sun kasance wakilan a Barbuda ta hanyar manajojin mazaunansu.[19] Yawan bayi a Barbuda ya karu daga 172 a 1746 zuwa 503 a 1831.[19] Saboda karuwar yawan bayi, don kara riba, Codringtons sun yi ƙoƙari su canja wasu bayi zuwa Antigua, wanda bai yi nasara ba.[19]

Bayyanawar Beach, tawaye na farko na bayi a Barbuda, ya faru ne a shekara ta 1741 sakamakon ikirarin zalunci da rashin mutunci ga bayi na tsibirin da manajan tsibirin Thomas Beach ya yi. Wannan ya haifar da kisan dabbobi da yawa, dukiyar Codringtons ta lalace, da kuma tserewa daga bayi da yawa.[20] A shekara ta 1774, [20] wani manajan tsibirin, mai suna McNish, an kashe shi da makamai da aka kwace [21] bayan yankan bayi a matsayin horo don satar tumaki da shanu. Bayin sun sami nasarar mamaye gidan Codringtons da makamai da harsashi.[22] Don kawo karshen tawaye, an kawo sojoji daga Antigua, kuma an ƙone bayi biyu (wanda aka sani da " jarumai na Afro") da rai a gaban gidan sarauta a babban ƙofar.[23][13][23]

A cikin 1860, an haɗa Barbuda a matsayin mai dogaro da Antigua, bayan wucewar Dokar Barbuda (Ƙarin Dokokin Antigua) (c. 43 (Antigua)) a cikin 1859. Wannan ya sanya Barbuda a ƙarƙashin dokokin mulkin mallaka na Antigua.

Tarihin zamani

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An fara ba Barbuda matsayin cin gashin kanta a shekara ta 1976, [24] a lokacin ƙarshen zamanin Associated State of Antigua . Wannan matsayi mai cin gashin kansa ya zo ne bayan wucewar Dokar Karamar Hukumar Barbuda . Wannan ya kafa Majalisar Barbuda, wanda ya ba Barbuda damar tsara ayyukan jama'a, kudi, da aikin gona, da sauran ayyukan. Dokar Karamar Hukumar Barbuda daga baya aka sanya ta cikin kundin tsarin mulki a karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Antigua da Barbuda na 1981. [25][26] Majalisar Barbuda ta zabi shugaban da mataimakin shugaban, tare da Devon Warner yana aiki a matsayin shugaban tun 2024.

A cikin 1981, tsibirin ya sami 'yancin kansa daga Ƙasar Ingila a matsayin wani ɓangare na Antigua da Barbuda. Ya kasance wani ɓangare na Commonwealth of Nations, kuma ya kasance mulkin mallaka na tsarin mulki, tare da Charles III a matsayin Sarkin Antigua da Barbuda .

Haƙƙin Barbudans na yin amfani da filaye na tsibirin gaba ɗaya an sanya shi cikin doka a cikin 2007 ta gwamnatin Baldwin Spencer United Progressive Party ta jagoranci.[1][2] A ranar 5 ga Afrilu, 2007, Majalisar Barbuda ta fitar da kwafi na ƙarshe na dokar Barbuda Land Act, wanda ya samar da rajistar filaye, Hukumar Tsare-tsare ta Barbuda, da Hukumar Kula da Parking ta ƙasa, duk suna ƙarƙashin majalisar. A cikin 2017, nan da nan bayan guguwar Irma wadda ta lalata Barbuda, an dauki wannan a matsayin farkon fara kwace filayen Barbuda wanda ya haifar da manufofi da dokoki daban-daban da gwamnatin Gaston Browne ta yi dangane da ƙasar Barbudan. A ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2023, kungiyar Barbuda People's Movement, wacce ke rike da kujerar Barbuda a majalisar dokoki, ta sanar da cewa, wani kudirin doka da aka gabatar kuma aka zartar kwanaki a baya wanda zai kawo karshen mallakar filaye na Barbudan, zai yi alkawarin yin duk abin da zai yi don sauya shawarar, tare da majalisar tana goyon bayan matakin kungiyar Barbuda People's Movement.[27]

Kiristanci shine addini mafi girma a tsibirin, kuma babban kabilanci shine na zuriyar Afirka. Turanci da Barbudan Creole sune harsunan da aka fi magana a tsibirin. Dangane da rikodin rajistar masu jefa kuri'a, yawan mutanen Barbuda ya karu sosai tun Irma.

Siyasa da gwamnati

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Gundumomin Barbuda

Tsarin siyasa na Antigua da Barbuda na hadin kai ne, na majalisa, wakiltar mulkin demokraɗiyya. Charles III shine Sarkin Antigua da Barbuda na yanzu.

Yayin da gwamnati ke amfani da ikon zartaswa, ikon majalisa yana hannun gwamnati da majalisa. Antigua da Barbuda sun zabi majalisar dokoki a matakin kasa. Majalisar tana da zauruka biyu: Majalisar Wakilai mai wakilai 19 da Majalisar Dattawa mai wakilai 17. Akwai tanadi na musamman na majalisa don lissafin ƙarancin yawan jama'ar Barbuda dangane da na Antigua. Barbuda yana da tabbacin aƙalla ɗan majalisar wakilai ɗaya da wakilai biyu na majalisar dattawa. Wakilin Barbuda na yanzu a majalisar wakilai shine Trevor Walker.

Ginin Gudanar da Millennium na Majalisar Barbuda shine tushe ga sakataren majalisar. Tana cikin Codrington .

Majalisar Barbuda kungiya ce mai mambobi 11 wacce ta kunshi tara da aka zaba kai tsaye da biyu ex officio (Wakilai na Barbuda da Majalisar Dattijai a majalisar dokokin kasa). Ana gudanar da zaman majalisa a Codrington. Masu ba da shawara suna aiki na tsawon shekaru huɗu tare da zaɓen da ake gudanarwa a kowace shekara biyu a watan Maris.

A watan Janairun kowace shekara, majalisa tana zabar shugaban da mataimakin shugaban.[28] A cikin shekara inda ake gudanar da zabe, a zaman farko na majalisa bayan zaben, wannan kuma misali ne inda majalisa dole ne ta zabi shugaban da mataimakin shugaban.[28]

Majalisar Barbuda tana da ayyuka da yawa, gami da gudanar da kayan aikin jama'a da sauran ma'aikatu da sassan; gudanar da aikin hanya; da inganta gine-gine da kayan aikin ruwa.[29] Majalisar kuma tana da ikon yin dokoki na gida.[30]

An raba Barbuda zuwa gundumomi takwas: [31]

  • Gabashin Gabas
  • Tsakiyar Tsakiya
  • Arewacin Tekun
  • Palmetto
  • Tafkin Gishiri
  • Kudancin Tekun
  • Bayar da ƙafa biyu
  • Yammacin Yamma

Yanayin ƙasa da namun daji

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Codrington daga iska tare da tafkin da ke bayyane a bango

Akwai jimillar fili mai fadin murabba'in kilomita 160.56, wanda yayi daidai da murabba'in mil 62. Codrington, wanda shine birni mafi girma, yana da adadin mutane 1,300 kamar na 2011[sabunta]. Dutsen dutse na Coral shine mafi yawan tsibirin, wanda ke da ɗan bambancin yanayin yanayi. Tsaunukan Barbuda da ke gefen gabashin tsibirin gida ne ga tuddai waɗanda za su iya kai tsayin daka har zuwa mita 38 (ƙafa 125), amma galibin tsibirin ba su da faɗi sosai, kuma kusurwar arewa maso yamma gida ce ga lagos da yawa..

Tsakanin watanni na Agusta da Oktoba, tsibirin yana cikin haɗarin haɗari da guguwa. Bayan Guguwar Irma, Hotunan tauraron dan adam na NASA sun nuna "browning" na Barbuda da sauran tsibirai na Caribbean waɗanda guguwar ta buge.[32] Hotunan, waɗanda Operational Land Imager (OLI) ya kama a kan tauraron dan adam na Landsat 8, suna nuna Barbuda mai launin kore a ranar 27 ga Agusta, 2017, da kuma Barbuda mai launi mai launin ruwan kasa a ranar 12 ga Satumba, 2017.[32] NASA ta ba da dalilai da yawa na yiwuwar launin ruwan kasa, gami da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tire da iska ta guguwa ta kwashe, da kuma gishiri daga guguwar guguwa da kuma bushewa bishiyoyi.[33]

An rarraba yanayin a matsayin ruwan teku na wurare masu zafi, wanda ke nufin cewa akwai ƙananan bambancin zafin jiki na yanayi. A cikin Janairu da Fabrairu, watanni mafi sanyi, matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullun shine 27 °C (81 °F) ° C (81 ° F), yayin da a cikin Yuli da Agusta, watanni mafi zafi, matsakaitan yau da kullun yana da 30 °C (86 °F) ° C (86 ° F).

  • Barbuda warbler (Setophaga subita) nau'in tsuntsaye ne mai rauni wanda ke cikin Barbuda kuma ba a samu a wani wuri a duniya.
  • Mai tsere na Antiguan (Alsophis antiguae) yana daga cikin macizai mafi ƙaranci a duniya. Yana da iyaka a Antigua da Barbuda kuma ana samunsa a tsibirai biyu.[34] Ƙananan Antilles gida ne ga nau'ikan masu tsere guda huɗu. Dukkanin hudu sun sami raguwa mai tsanani; akalla nau'o'i biyu sun ƙare, kuma wani, A. antiguae, yanzu yana da kashi 0.1% kawai na tarihinsa.[35]
  • Griswold's Ameiva (Ameiva griswoldi) wani nau'in lizard ne a cikin jinsin Ameiva . Yana da iyaka a Antigua da Barbuda kuma ana samunsa a tsibirai biyu.

Barbuda tana karbar bakuncin nau'ikan tsuntsaye da ke kusa da barazanar, gami da Duck na Yammacin Indiya (Dendrocygna arborea), wanda ke cikin Caribbean, da kuma kurciya mai fararen kambi (Patagioenas leucocephala). [36] Barbuda kuma ita ce mai karɓar bakuncin itacen Barbuda Bank (Anolis leachii), wani anole da ke cikin Caribbean, wanda aka fi sani da Antigua Bank anole ko panther anole. Barbuda kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin tsibirai biyu a gabashin Caribbean, tare da Tsibirin Guiana, don karɓar bakuncin dabbar Turai (Dama dama dama), muhimmiyar alama ce ta tsibirin da kuma dukan ƙasar.[37][38][39] A baya, Barbuda ta kasance mai karɓar bakuncin Barbudan muskrat (Megalomys audreyae), wani doki da ya ƙare wanda a tsibirin. Barbudan muskrat na iya ɓacewa a kusa da 1500 AD. The Magnificent Frigate Bird Sanctuary, wanda ke cikin Codrington Lagoon, yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan wuraren yawon bude ido a Barbuda. Akwai 'yan farauta kaɗan a nan, suna mai da wannan yankin kiwo na Barbuda mafi mahimmanci a duk duniya ga waɗannan tsuntsayen da ke fuskantar barazana.[40]

Zane-zane (petroglyphs) waɗanda Arawak ko Siboney suka yi, mazaunan Barbuda na farko, ana iya samun su a cikin kogon Indiya.[1] Wani nutse a cikin tsaunukan Barbuda, Darby Cave yana mil uku da rabi arewa maso gabas da Codrington. Ramin Darby Sink yana da diamita fiye da ƙafa 300 kuma yana kusa da zurfin ƙafa 70. Stalactites masu tsayi har zuwa ƙafa takwas sun girma a ƙarƙashin rataye a gefe ɗaya na ramin, wanda aka yanke shi sosai. Dabino, ferns, da lianas suna ba ciyayi kamannin ɗan ƙaramin daji. mil biyu kudu da Kogon Darby shine Kogon Dark. Kamar yadda kayan tarihi da aka gano a kusa da su suka tabbatar, ƙaramar ƙofar kogon ta buɗe cikin wani babban kogon da tafkuna na ruwa. Wataƙila waɗannan tafkunan sun kasance tushen ruwa ga mazauna Amerindian. Ana iya samun makafi, nau'in amphipod da ba kasafai ba, da nau'ikan jemagu iri-iri a Kogon Duhu. Dakuna biyar ne suka kunshi hadadden kogon Nicey, kuma wani bangaren rufin da ya ruguje yana aiki a matsayin mashigin bayan hadadden da hasken sama. Zauren ciki guda uku an raba su da ɗokin silin mai ƙanƙanta, kuma akwai ɗakin waje wanda nan da nan ana iya samunsa daga waje. Fadin kogon da ke cikin kogon an lullube shi da tarkace stalactites a saman kogon, wanda aka yi da yashi. Har ila yau, kogon yana da wani katangar dutse mai madauwari mai kwatankwacin alkalan kunkuru da ake samu a wuraren zamani, duk da cewa bangon katangar ya yi kasa sosai don daukar kunkuru kuma yana da nisa da hasken halitta. .[41]

Kabilanci da shige da fice

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A cikin shekara ta 2011, Barbuda tana da kusan yawan jama'a tare da asalin kabilanci guda tara.[42][43] Yawancin mutanen da aka gano a matsayin Afirka (95.11%), sannan Mixed Black / White (2.88%), wasu Mixed (1.00%), Hispanic (0.44%), White (0.13%), Indian (0.13%), Syrian / Lebanese (0.13%), da sauransu (0.13%). Ƙananan kashi (0.06%) ba su bayyana kabilansu ba.[42][43]

Game da ƙasashen haihuwa a Barbuda, sama da ƙasashe 18 daban-daban sun wakilci a ƙidayar 2011. [44] Manyan kasashe biyar da yankuna da ke ba da gudummawa mafi yawan mutanen da aka haifa a waje da Barbuda sune Guyana (2.76%), Dominica (1.50%), Jamaica (1.19%), Amurka (1.07%), da tsibirin Virgin Islands na Amurka (0.63%).[44][45]

Musamman, Barbuda tana da babban rabo na yawan jama'arta (89.28%) da aka haifa a Antigua da Barbuda, idan aka kwatanta da St. John's wanda ke da ƙananan kashi (62.66%) na mazauna da aka haife a kasar.[44][45]

Lokacin kallon takamaiman kabilanci bisa ga ƙasashen haihuwa, bayanan sun nuna cewa yawancin mutanen da aka haifa a Antigua da Barbuda sun fito ne daga asalin Afirka (97.12%). Hakazalika, waɗanda aka haifa a Guyana (86.36%), Dominica (91.67%), Amurka (88.24%), da Jamaica (100.00%) galibi 'yan asalin Afirka ne. Sabanin haka, waɗanda aka haifa a tsibirin Virgin Islands na Amurka suna da asali mai ban sha'awa, tare da 70.00% kasancewa Mixed Black / White kuma kawai 30.00% kasancewa na asalin Afirka.[46]

Adadin mutanen Barbuda a watan Maris na shekara ta 2025 an kiyasta ya kai 2,233.[47]

Gidaje da filaye

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Gidajen katako da katako tare da rufin ƙarfe a Codrington

Kimanin 34.31% na gidajen Barbudan sun kunshi mutum daya, yayin da 18.35% suna da mutane biyu, kuma 16.51% suna da mutane uku; sauran gidaje suna da mutane hudu ko fiye.[48] Yawancin gidaje (72.84%) suna amfani da kankare / tubalan a matsayin babban kayan don bangon waje.[49] Bugu da ƙari, 12.48% na gidaje suna amfani da itace.[49] Dangane da nau'ikan gidaje, 93.58% na gidaje gidaje ne daban-daban, kuma 3.49% kasuwanci ne da gidaje.[50] Kamar yawancin gidaje a Antigua da Barbuda, kashi 93.76% na gidaje a Barbuda suna amfani da takardar ƙarfe a matsayin babban kayan rufin, tare da ƙarin 3.12% ta amfani da shingles na katako.[51] Bugu da ƙari, kashi 98.53% na gidaje suna kan mallakar / mallakar ƙasa, sakamakon Ayyukan Ƙasar Barbuda waɗanda suka kafa tsarin mallakar ƙasa na al'umma.[52]

Ilimi

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Kashi 67.46% na yawan jama'ar Barbuda a duk tsawon shekaru daban-daban ba su da kowace irin jarabawar ilimi. Mafi yawan nau'in jarrabawa, wanda kashi 7.90% na mutane suka samu, shine matakin GCE 'O'/CXC General exam. Daga cikin wadanda ke da shekaru 18-59, kashi mafi girma a kasar a kashi 50.95% ba su da matakin jarrabawa. Idan aka kwatanta, Saint George yana da mafi ƙarancin kaso na mutane masu shekaru 18-59 ba tare da jarrabawa a 21.88%. A cikin wannan rukunin, 3.70% sun sami takardar shaidar kammala makaranta, 5.16% sun mallaki takardar shaidar sakandare, 7.07% sun kammala jarrabawar Cambridge School/CXC, 13.69% sun ci matakin GCE 'O'/CXC General exam, 0.79% sun sami takardar shaidar GCE 'A' Levels ko CAPE, 6.51% sun sami digiri na biyu, 6.51% sun sami digiri na biyu. 2.13% sun sami digiri, 0.22% suna da difloma, 0.67% sun mallaki takardar shaidar sana'a, 0.34% na da digiri na biyu ko na uku, sannan 5.95% ko dai basu sani ba ko basu sani ba..[53]

Lafiya

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin shekara ta 2011, ƙididdigar ta ba da rahoton ƙididdigaren kiwon lafiya ga Barbuda. Babu wani shari'ar cutar kanjamau da aka rubuta, [54] yayin da 10.75% na yawan jama'a ke da rashin lafiyan, [55] 6.58% suna da asma, [56] da 0.32% suna da ciwon daji. [57] Bugu da ƙari, 6.45% na yawan jama'a suna da ciwon sukari, kuma ba a bayar da rahoton kamuwa da kwayar cutar kanjamau ba.[58][59] Daga cikin wadanda ke da rashin lafiyan, 92.94% sun fito ne daga asalin Afirka.[60]

Game da nakasa, kashi 77.62% na yawan jama'a ba su da nakasa. 16.87% suna da nakasa tare da wasu matsaloli, 4.83% suna da nakisa tare da matsaloli da yawa ko kuma ba su iya yin wasu abubuwa ba, kuma 0.69% ba su bayyana matsayin nakasa ba.[61] Takamaiman lalacewar nakasa sun haɗa da mutane 193 da ke da nakasa ta gani, tare da 35.45% da ke danganta shi da tsufa da 22.75% ga rashin lafiya.[62] Bugu da ƙari, mutane 68 suna da nakasa ta ji, tare da 35.82% ba su san dalilin ba kuma 26.87% suna danganta shi da tsufa.[63]

Bugu da ƙari, mutane 121 suna da nakasa ta tafiya, tare da 35.29% suna danganta shi da rashin lafiya, 29.41% ga tsufa, da 15.97% ga hadari.[64] Jimillar mutane 35 suna da nakasa na kula da kansu, tare da 38.24% ba su san dalilin ba, 26.47% suna danganta shi da rashin lafiya, da 23.53% ga "sauran" dalilai.[65] A ƙarshe, mutane 111 suna da nakasa ta tunawa, tare da 33.94% suna danganta shi da tsufa, 26.61% saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba, 14.68% ga rashin lafiya, 11.01% daga haihuwa, da 4.59% ga hadari.[66]

Matasa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 2011, kashi 33.92% na yawan mutanen Barbuda, jimillar mutane 551, sun kasance masu shekaru 0-17. [67] Rarraba shekarun a cikin wannan rukuni ya kasance kamar haka: 10.91% (177) suna da shekaru 0-4, 10.03% (163) suna da shekaru 5-9, 7.52% (122) suna da shekaru 10-14, kuma 7.65% (124) suna da shekaru 15-19.[68] Daga cikin wadanda suka kai shekaru 0-4, 94.25% sun fito ne daga asalin Afirka, 2.87% sun kasance Mixed Black / White, kuma 2.87% na wasu Mixed descent.[69] Duk sauran kungiyoyin matasa sun kasance mafi yawan 'yan Afirka ko gauraye.[69]

Addini

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin 2011, Barbuda ta ba da rahoton addinai 16. Yawancin mutanen da aka gano kamar haka: 26.71% a matsayin Pentecostal, 17.66% a matsayin Anglican, 17.54% a matsayin Wesleyan Holiness, 11.94% a matsayin Baptist, 3.90% a matsayin marasa addini, 3.77% a matsayin "sauran", da 3.39% a matsayin Rastafarian. Sauran ƙungiyoyi galibi Katolika ne, Shaidun Jehobah, da Masu Bishara.[70]

Kasuwanci

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A shekara ta 2011, Barbuda tana da masu kasuwanci 94. Rarraba kuɗin da ake samu a kowane wata ga waɗannan kasuwancin ya kasance kamar haka: 26.09% sun sami ƙasa da $ 1,000 EC, 16.30% sun sami $ 1,000 zuwa $ 1,999 EC, 15.22% sun sami $ 2,000 zuwa $ 2,999 EC, 20.65% sun sami $ 3,000 zuwa $ 4,999 EC, kuma 21.74% sun sami $ 5,000 EC ko fiye.[71] Daga cikin masu kasuwancin, maza 60 ne kuma mata 34.[72]

Aiki

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A cikin ƙidayar 2011, an bincika mutane 1,162 game da matsayin aikinsu. Yawancin, 75.55%, suna aiki kuma suna aiki sosai. Bugu da ƙari, 9.99% suna halartar makaranta, 7.10% sun yi ritaya, kuma sauran masu amsawa galibi ba su iya aiki ba.[73]

Daga cikin mutane 859 da suka yi tambaya game da wurin aikinsu, 80.31% suna da wurin aiki a waje da gida, 3.56% suna aiki a gida, 15.78% ba su da wurin aiki, kuma 0.36% ko dai ba su san ko kuma ba su bayyana wurin aikinsu ba.[74]

Dangane da nau'in aikin, kashi 61.33% na ma'aikata sun kasance ma'aikatan gwamnati ne, 3.68% suna aiki ga hukumomin doka, 21.83% ma'aikata ne masu zaman kansu, 0.36% ma'aikatan gida ne masu zaman kansu, 3.08% masu zaman kansu da ma'aikata masu biyan kuɗi, 8.66% masu zaman kansu ne ba tare da albashi ba, 0.59% ba su da aikin yi, ko dai ba su da wani aiki. bayyana matsayin ma'aikatansu. Waɗannan alkalumman sun dogara ne kan martani daga mutane 859 da aka bincika.[75]

A shekara ta 2011, jimlar mutane 486 sun shiga, gwada, ko kammala nau'ikan horo daban-daban.[76] Daga cikinsu, 70.65% sun sami nasarar kammala horarwarsu, 9.01% har yanzu suna samun horo, 17.61% sun yi ƙoƙari su horar, kuma 2.73% ba su da tabbaci ko kuma ba su bayyana matsayinsu ba.[77]

Kashe nau'ikan horo, 50.10% na mahalarta sun kammala horo a kan aiki, 9.64% sun kammala koyo, 1.89% sun kammala karatun rubutu, 1.05% sun kammala horar da aikin makarantar sakandare, 24.32% sun kammala horarwa ta sana'a / fasaha / kasuwanci, 0.21% sun kammala horo na kasuwanci / sakatare, 2.10% sun kammala hor horar da kasuwanci / kwamfuta, 4.19% sun kammala karatu na sirri, 3.56% sun kammala wani nau'in horo na sirri, kuma sauran masu amsawa ko dai ba su san ko kuma ba su bayyana irin horarwarsu ba.[78]

Filin jirgin saman Barbuda Codrington a cikin 2022

Yawon shakatawa

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Yanayin Barbuda, rairayin bakin teku masu kyau, da yanayin ƙasa sun ja hankalin masu yawon bude ido na shekaru da yawa.[79] Yawon shakatawa ya kai fiye da rabin GDP na Antigua da Barbuda, 40% na saka hannun jari, da kuma fiye da 46% na aikin ƙasa na Antigua le Barbuda (kai tsaye da kai tsaye). [80][81] Filin jirgin saman Burton-Nibbs International Airport ne ke ba da sabis na Barbuda kuma yana da sabis na jirgin ruwa zuwa Antigua . [82] Shahararrun ayyukan waje ga masu yawon bude ido sun haɗa da yin iyo, yin iyo, kamun kifi, da hawan dutse.[83][84] Ƙarin shahararrun abubuwan jan hankali sun haɗa da Frigate Bird Sanctuary a cikin Codrington Lagoon, Martello Tower, wani sansani na ƙarni na 19 da kuma Indian Cave tare da dutsen dutse guda biyu.

Sauran abubuwan sha'awa sun haɗa da kyakkyawan Pink Sands Beach, Darby's Cave, rami tare da gandun daji mai zafi a ciki da Highland House (wanda ake kira Willybob a cikin gida), rushewar gidan dangin Codrington na ƙarni na 18, da kuma Ginin Rarraba wanda ya raba iyalin masu arziki daga bayinsa. [85][86][87] Shekaru bayan Guguwar Luis, a watan Agustan 2017, har yanzu akwai wuraren shakatawa guda biyu kawai a tsibirin, kodayake ana yin shirye-shirye don gina wasu wuraren shakatawa kafin Guguwar Irma.[86]

Bukukuwan da wasanni

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Tun daga ƙuruciya, ana ƙarfafa ɗalibai su shiga wasanni a makaranta. An nada ma'aikatan Majalisar Barbuda guda biyu don tallafawa wasanni a yankin. Tun daga Irma, an sake farfado da kotunan kwando da wasan tennis. Wasanni, wasan kurket, da tseren doki sun shahara sosai, kuma akwai gasa ta kamun kifi a duk shekara, triathlon, da sauran ayyukan wasanni.[88]

Barbuda gida ce ga yalwar lobster, conchs, da sauran abincin teku waɗanda aka girbe su da alhakin fasahar kamun kifi mai tasiri wanda aka haɓaka a cikin tsararraki da yawa a can. Barbudans akai-akai suna zuwa kamun kifi ga manyan nau'o'in ciki har da kingfish, dolphin ko mahi mahi, tuna, da barracuda, waɗanda aka kama kuma aka sayar da su ga otal-otal a duk lokacin. Gabaɗaya, waɗannan manyan kifaye ba su da guba ta Ciguatera wanda ke iyakance cin su a wasu yankuna na Caribbean. Ana iya ganin babban barracuda kusa da bakin teku a cikin ruwan da ke kewaye da tsibirin kuma ana cinye su ko'ina a Barbuda. Duk kamun kifi a cikin tekun Barbuda dole ne a yi a cikin jirgin ruwa tare da lasisin kamun kiɗa na gida.[89]

Tun lokacin da Faransanci, Mutanen Espanya, da Burtaniya suka yi yaƙi da juna don mamaye Caribbean, akwai daruruwan jirgin ruwa a bakin tekun Barbuda, daga lokuta daban-daban a tarihin tsibirin. Dokar Yankin Marine ta gano kuma ta kare kowannensu. Saboda Barbuda kasancewa tsibiri ne mai laushi kuma "mai wuya a gani", akwai wasu jiragen ruwa na zamani waɗanda suka rasa hanyarsu a kan haɗari da ke kewaye da tsibirin.[90]

Lokaci-lokaci, bayan karfe 4 na gida a ranar Lahadi, Barbuda Turf Club (tseren doki) yana taruwa a cikin hanyar gida a yankin Spring View a kudancin filin jirgin sama. Sau da yawa akwai tseren hudu, kowannensu yana nuna dawakai biyu ko uku.[91]

Kotun wasan tennis ta Barbuda ta kasance ta hanyar nasarar shirin wasan tennis na Anguilla kuma tana buɗewa duk rana, kowace rana ga duk wanda yake so ya buga wasan tennis. Kungiyoyin makarantu sun yi amfani da shi don jarrabawar wasanni na CXC, kuma akwai wata kungiya mai karfi da ke aiki tuƙuru don kafa alaƙa da Antigua don ci gaba da wasanni a Barbuda da tara kuɗi ta hanyar gudummawa. Barbuda ta samar da 'yan wasan tennis masu basira. Tun lokacin da kotun ta sake fitowa bayan Guguwar Irma, wannan rukuni ya rushe kuma yanzu ana buƙatar shirin wasan tennis na yau da kullun, tare da wasu sabbin shirye-shirye.[92]

Kotun kwando mai haske ita ce inda Vipers, Young Warriors, Rockers, Flip-mo, Boars, da Vikings ke fafatawa a cikin tsarin tebur, tare da manyan kungiyoyi suna ci gaba zuwa wasan kwaikwayo. Lokacin kwando a Barbuda yawanci yana farawa a watan Agusta. Barbudans sun sami babban nasara wajen buga wasan kwando a duniya kuma cibiyoyi da yawa a Amurka da sauran ƙasashe sun sanya hannu.[93]

Ƙafar Barbuda ta Antigua Barbuda Triathlon ta sake farfado da sha'awar wasanni na jimiri a Barbuda.[94]

Yayin da ake dafa lobster kai tsaye daga teku, ana yawan gasa mutane a kan titi. Naman barewa, kunkuru na ƙasa, abincin teku (lobster, kaguwa, conch), naman sa na gida, ɗan rago, ko akuya wasu fannonin yanki ne. Ana yin amfani da waɗannan abincin a wasu lokuta tare da shinkafa, fungi (kamar polenta na Italiyanci), ko dumplings, musamman dumplings yabba. Soursop, ginger ginger, passion fruit, sea moss, tamarind, da sauran ruwan 'ya'yan itace na yanki suna cikin abubuwan sha da ake samu. Ana yawan hidimar kifi da lobster akan titi a cikin akwatuna masu sanyi ko kuma a majami'ar kamun kifi yayin da kwale-kwalen ke tsayawa a mafi yawan kwanaki tsakanin karfe 2 zuwa 4 na yamma lokacin gida. Kodayake babu kasuwa a Barbuda, ana sayar da amfanin gida lokaci-lokaci a ginin Majalisar Barbuda, 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari na gida kuma ana sayar da su akan titi.[95]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Revised Edition Of Amerindians Presence In Antigua Pre-history". www.anbanet.com. Archived from the original on August 1, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  2. ↑ "Antigua and Barbuda". Britannica Online (in Turanci). Retrieved August 12, 2023.
  3. ↑ "Population density Latin America and Caribbean by country 2021". Statista (in Turanci). Archived from the original on August 13, 2023. Retrieved August 12, 2023.
  4. ↑ "A history of Barbuda under the Cardington's 1738-1833" (PDF). etheses.bham.ac.uk. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  5. ↑ "Kwafin ajiya". www.abec.gov.ag. Archived from the original on 2025-06-07. Retrieved 2025-04-28.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 "New Year. Old Myths?". Antigua and Barbuda Cultural Information System. Antigua and Barbuda Department of Culture. January 3, 2023. Archived from the original on May 29, 2023. Retrieved August 13, 2023.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 "Prehistory of Antigua & Barbuda". antiguahistory.net. Archived from the original on February 8, 2024. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :25
  9. ↑ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 9.13 9.14 9.15 "the amerindian presence". Archived from the original on August 1, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  10. ↑ Ichen (November 10, 2016). "What About Barbuda?". American University of Antigua (in Turanci). Archived from the original on August 1, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  11. ↑ "Barbuda – Antigua Sugar Mills" (in Turanci). Archived from the original on August 1, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  12. ↑ Bain, Allison; Faucher, Anne-Marie; Kennedy, Lisa M.; LeBlanc, Allison R.; Burn, Michael J.; Boger, Rebecca; Perdikaris, Sophia (January 2, 2018). "Landscape Transformation During Ceramic Age and Colonial Occupations of Barbuda, West Indies". Environmental Archaeology (in Turanci). 23 (1): 36–46. Bibcode:2018EnvAr..23...36B. doi:10.1080/14614103.2017.1345115. Archived from the original on September 26, 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2023.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 "Antigua and Barbuda". AZ Martinique (in Turanci). Archived from the original on September 6, 2024. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  14. ↑ "Antigua & Barbuda: Barbuda History". antiguanice.com. Archived from the original on July 30, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 "historical notes". Archived from the original on July 22, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 "Antigua and Barbuda | History, Geography, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in Turanci). June 11, 2023. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  17. ↑ Lowenthal, David; Clarke, Colin G. (1977). "Slave-Breeding in Barbuda: The Past of a Negro Myth". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 292 (1 Comparative P): 510–535. Bibcode:1977NYASA.292..510L. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb47770.x. ISSN 0077-8923. S2CID 84773420. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  18. ↑ Lowenthal, David; Clarke, Colin G. (June 1977). "Slave-Breeding in Barbuda: The Past of a Negro Myth". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (in Turanci). 292 (1 Comparative P): 510–535. Bibcode:1977NYASA.292..510L. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb47770.x. ISSN 0077-8923. S2CID 84773420.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 19.2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Tweedy
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :6
  21. ↑ "Questions from Barbudans to Antiguans and vice versa | Antigua Observer Newspaper". August 6, 2020. Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  22. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named :7
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "castle". sites.rootsweb.com. Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.
  24. ↑ "Statehood, the Commons, and the Landscape in Barbuda". Caribbean Geography. 3 (1): 43–52. January 1991.
  25. ↑ "Barbuda Local Government Act (Hansard)". api.parliament.uk. Archived from the original on August 13, 2023. Retrieved August 13, 2023.
  26. ↑ "Antigua (Termination of Association) (Hansard, 8 July 1981)". api.parliament.uk. Archived from the original on August 13, 2023. Retrieved August 13, 2023.
  27. ↑ "Barbuda MP vows to reverse bill removing communal land ownership | Antigua Observer Newspaper". August 2023. Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 "Barbuda Local Government Act, Section 5" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 19, 2022. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  29. ↑ "Barbuda Local Government Act, section 18, subsection 4, paragraph (i)" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 19, 2022. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  30. ↑ "Barbuda Local Government Act, section 19, subsection 1" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on January 19, 2022. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  31. ↑ "Barbuda Master Plan" (PDF). 2020.
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 "Barbuda and Saint Barthélemy Browned by Irma". earthobservatory.nasa.gov (in Turanci). NASA. September 13, 2017. Archived from the original on May 29, 2023. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
  33. ↑ "Hurricane Irma Turns Caribbean Islands Brown". earthobservatory.nasa.gov (in Turanci). September 12, 2017. Archived from the original on May 29, 2023. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
  34. ↑ "Species: Antiguan racer". Flora & Fauna International. Retrieved May 22, 2023.
  35. ↑ Sajdaka, Richard A.; Henderson, Robert W. (1991). "Status of West Indian racers in the Lesser Antilles". Oryx. 25 (1): 33–38. doi:10.1017/s0030605300034049. S2CID 35857578.
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  37. ↑ "From Icon of Empire to National Emblem: New Evidence for the Fallow Deer of Barbuda". 2018. Archived from the original on July 28, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
  38. ↑ Baker, Karis H.; Miller, Holly; Doherty, Sean; Gray, Howard W. I.; Daujat, Julie; Çakırlar, Canan; Spassov, Nikolai; Trantalidou, Katerina; Madgwick, Richard; Lamb, Angela L.; Ameen, Carly; Atici, Levent; Baker, Polydora; Beglane, Fiona; Benkert, Helene (February 20, 2024). "The 10,000-year biocultural history of fallow deer and its implications for conservation policy". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (in Turanci). 121 (8): e2310051121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12110051B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2310051121. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 10895352 Check |pmc= value (help). PMID 38346198 Check |pmid= value (help).
  39. ↑ "Government of Antigua and Barbuda". ab.gov.ag. Archived from the original on January 23, 2024. Retrieved June 21, 2024.
  40. ↑ "Nature tourism". Archived from the original on September 30, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  41. ↑ "The Caves of Barbuda's Eastern Coast: Long term occupation, ethnohistory and ritual" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 7, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "Ethnic" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 "Ethnicity by parish" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  44. ↑ 44.0 44.1 44.2 "Country of birth" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  45. ↑ 45.0 45.1 "Country of birth by parish" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  46. ↑ "Country of birth by parish by ethnicity" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
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  49. ↑ 49.0 49.1 "Main material of outer walls" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  50. ↑ "Type of dwelling" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  51. ↑ "Main material of roofing in Barbuda" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  52. ↑ "Land tenure" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  53. ↑ "Examination level by parish by age" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  54. ↑ "AIDs in Barbuda" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  55. ↑ "Allergies in Barbuda" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  56. ↑ "ECLAC/CELADE Redatam+SP 08/02/2023" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  57. ↑ "Cancer in Barbuda" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  58. ↑ "Diabetes in Barbuda" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  59. ↑ "HIV on Barbuda" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  60. ↑ "Allergies by ethnicity by parish" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  61. ↑ "Disability of any kind of severity in Barbuda" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  62. ↑ "Seeing disability and origin" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  63. ↑ "Hearing disability and cause" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  64. ↑ "Walking disability by country" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  65. ↑ "Self-care disability" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  66. ↑ "Remembering disability" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  67. ↑ "Broad age groups" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  68. ↑ "5 year age groups" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 "Ethnicity by 5 year age groups" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  70. ↑ "Religion in Barbuda" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  71. ↑ "Business owners on Barbuda" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  72. ↑ "Business owners by sex by parish" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  73. ↑ "Job Status in Barbuda" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  74. ↑ "Work place in Barbuda" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  75. ↑ "Worker status" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  76. ↑ "Training in Barbuda" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  77. ↑ "Training status in Barbuda" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  78. ↑ "Type of training in Barbuda" (PDF). Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  79. ↑ "Antigua and Barbuda Is Breaking Records, Leading Caribbean Tourism Recovery". Caribbean Journal (in Turanci). August 22, 2022. Archived from the original on June 4, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  80. ↑ "Antigua and Barbuda: Economy". globaledge.msu.edu (in Turanci). Archived from the original on June 4, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  81. ↑ "The Blue Economy Context in Antigua and Barbuda". Commonwealth (in Turanci). Archived from the original on June 4, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  82. ↑ "Getting To Barbuda". Visit Antigua & Barbuda (in Turanci). Antigua Barbuda Tourism Authority. March 14, 2022. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  83. ↑ Donaldson, Tara (August 10, 2017). "17 of the world's most overlooked islands". CNN (in Turanci). Archived from the original on June 4, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  84. ↑ MacGregor, Sandra (October 16, 2022). "You Don't Want To Miss These Incredible Turtle Hotspots In Antigua And Barbuda". Forbes (in Turanci). Archived from the original on June 4, 2023. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  85. ↑ "5 Fun Things to Do in Barbuda : TravelAge West". Travelagewest.com. October 2014.
  86. ↑ 86.0 86.1 "Barbuda: Set for construction of new resorts and airport runway - Business Focus Antigua". May 5, 2017. Archived from the original on September 12, 2017. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
  87. ↑ "Antigua & Barbuda: Places to visit in Barbuda". Antiguanice.com. Archived from the original on July 3, 2022. Retrieved September 11, 2017.
  88. ↑ "barbudaful sports". Barbudaful (in Turanci). Archived from the original on July 22, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  89. ↑ "Fishing". Barbudaful (in Turanci). Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  90. ↑ "Diving". Barbudaful (in Turanci). Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  91. ↑ "Horse racing". Barbudaful (in Turanci). Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  92. ↑ "Tennis". Barbudaful (in Turanci). Archived from the original on July 22, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  93. ↑ "Basketball". Barbudaful (in Turanci). Archived from the original on July 22, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  94. ↑ "Athletics". Barbudaful (in Turanci). Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
  95. ↑ "Eat & Drink". Barbudaful (in Turanci). Archived from the original on August 3, 2023. Retrieved August 3, 2023.
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