Leningrad Oblast

Leningrad Oblast
Ленинградская область (ru)
Flag of Leningrad Oblast (en) Coat of arms of Leningrad Oblast (en)
Suna saboda	Vladimir Lenin da Leningrad (en)
Wuri
60°03′N 31°45′E
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Rasha
Babban birni	Gatchina (en)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	2,035,762 (2024)
• Yawan mutane	24.26 mazaunan/km²
Harshen gwamnati	Rashanci
Labarin ƙasa
Bangare na	Northwestern Federal District (en)
Yawan fili	83,908 km²
Wuri mafi tsayi	Gapselga (en) (291 m)
Sun raba iyaka da	Kymenlaakso (en) South Karelia (en) Karelia Vologda Oblast (en) Novgorod Oblast (en) Pskov Oblast (en) Ida-Viru County (en) Saint-Petersburg
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi	Pskov Governorate (en) , Saint Petersburg Governorate (en) da Novgorod Governorate (en)
Ƙirƙira	1 ga Augusta, 1927
Tsarin Siyasa
Gangar majalisa	Legislative Assembly of Leningrad Oblast (en)
• Gwamna	Alexander Drozdenko (en) (28 Mayu 2012)
Bayanan Tuntuɓa
Lambar aika saƙo	187000–188999
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	Moscow Time (en) Europe/Moscow (en)
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho	813
Lamba ta ISO 3166-2	RU-LEN
OKTMO ID (en)	41000000
OKATO ID (en)	41
Wasu abun
Yanar gizo	lenobl.ru

Taswirar Leningrad Oblast

Kudin tunawa na Bankin Rasha tare da darajar fuska na 10 rubles (2005)

Leningrad Oblast (Rashanci: Ленинградская область, romanized: Leningradskaya oblastʹ, rururu; Veps: Leningradan agj; Finnish: Leningradin alue) kasa ce a karkashin Tarayyar Kasar Rasha (wato Oblast). Yankin na da girman murabba'in kilomita 84,500sqm (32,600 sq mi) da kuma yawan jama'a kimanin mutum 2,000,997 (Kidayar 2021); an samu kari daga 1,716,868 wanda aka shigar a kidayar shekara ta 2010 Census. Yankin Leningrad Oblast na da masana'antu da dama. Cibiyar gudanarwar ta kuma babban birnin ta itace Gatchina.

An kafa yankin ne a ranar 1 ga watan Agustan 1927, kodayake ba har zuwa 1946 ba ne aka kafa iyakokin yankin a matsayinsu na yanzu. An sanya sunan yankin ne bayan birnin Leningrad . A shekara ta 1991, birnin ya dawo da sunansa na asali, Saint Petersburg, amma yankin ya riƙe sunan Leningrad. Ya mamaye yankin tarihi na Ingria, kuma yana da iyaka da Finland (Kymenlaakso da Kudancin Karelia) a arewa maso yamma da Estonia (Ida-Viru County) a yamma, da kuma batutuwa biyar na tarayya na Rasha: Jamhuriyar Karelia a arewa maso gabas, Vologda Oblast a gabas, Novgorod Oblast a kudu, Pskov Oblast a Kudu maso yamma, da birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg a yamma.

Gwamnan farko na Leningrad Oblast shi ne Vadim Gustov (a cikin 1996-1998). Gwamnan yanzu, tun 2012, shine Aleksandr Drozdenko .

Yanayin ƙasa

Gidan shakatawa na Monrepos a Vyborg

Vuoksi a cikin Priozersk

Kogin Oredezh kusa da Siversky

Leningrad Oblast yana kusa da Tekun Finland da kudancin manyan tabkuna biyu na ruwa mai laushi, Tafkin Ladoga da Tafkin Onega . Yankin ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus da wasu tsibirai, gami da Gogland a cikin Tekun Finland da Konevets a Tafkin Ladoga .

Mafi yawan yankin yankin na cikin magudanar ruwa ne na Neva, wanda shi ne kawai ke fitowa daga tafkin Ladoga. Neva, wanda ke gudana zuwa Gulf of Finland (birnin Saint Petersburg yana cikin kogin delta) yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, amma magudanar ruwa yana da girma sosai, ciki har da Lake Onega da Lake Ilmen. Svir da Volkhov suna kwarara daga tafkin Onega da tafkin Ilmen, bi da bi. Sauran manyan magudanan ruwa na tafkin Ladoga sun haɗa da Vuoksi da Syas. Rafukan da ke yammacin yankin na kwararowa zuwa gabar tekun Finland; Manyan koguna guda biyu a can su ne Luga da Narva, wanda ke kan iyaka tsakanin Rasha da Estonia. Chagodoshcha, wani yanki na Mologa, da Suda, duka a cikin tafkin Volga, suna gabashin yankin. A cikin gundumar Tikhvinsky a yankin gabas, wani yanki ne na rarrabuwar tsakanin Tekun Baltic da Tekun Caspian.

Yankin Leningrad Oblast yana da faɗi kuma galibi an rufe shi da gandun daji da maras kyau. Wani banda shi ne dutsen Karelian Isthmus, wanda ya ƙunshi gundumar tafkin, da kuma Vepsian Upland a gabas. Manyan tabkuna a kan isthmus sune Lake Vuoksa, Lake Sukhodolskoye, da Lake Otradnoye .

Leningrad Oblast ya ƙunshi yankuna biyu na kariya na tarayya, da Nizhnesvirsky Nature Reserve da Mshinskoye Boloto Zakaznik, dukansu an kirkiresu ne don kare gandun daji da wuraren da ke arewa maso yammacin Rasha.

Tsire-tsire

Mafi yawan iyalan tsire-tsire masu rarrabe sune Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, [./<i id=]Poa" id="mwrQ" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Poaceae">Poaceae da Rosaceae. Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan nau'ikan shine Carex (nau'in 68). Bambancin jinsuna Hieracium (tare da Pilosella), Ranunculus (tare da Batrachium), Alchemilla, Galium, Potamogeton, Salix, Veronica, Viola, Juncus, Artemisia, Potentilla, Rumes, Festuca, Epilobium, Poa, Trifolium, Campanula, Vicia, Lathyrus, Geranium ma yana da yawa. Yankin ba shi da nau'ikan shuke-shuke. Nau'o'in tsire-tsire na Leningrad Oblast da aka jera a cikin littafin ja na Rasha sune Botrychium simplex, Cephalanthera rubra, Cypripedium calceolus, Epipogium aphyllum, Lobelia dortmanna, Myrica gale, Ophrys insectifera, Orchis militaris, Pulsatilla pratensis, Pulsatilla vernalis.

Tarihin Farko

Ginin da ke Staraya Ladoga

Ginin Ivangorod

Yankin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu ya cika da jama'a jim kadan bayan ƙarshen glaciation na Weichselian kuma yanzu yana da ragowar archaeological da yawa. Hanyar kasuwanci ta Volga da Hanyar kasuwanci daga Varangians zuwa Helenawa sun haye yankin. Staraya Ladoga, babban birnin farko na mashahurin Rurik, wanda aka kafa a karni na 8 zuwa 9, yana gabashin yankin, a kan Kogin Volkhov.

A cikin ƙarni na 12th-15th, an raba yankin tsakanin Masarautar Sweden da Jamhuriyar Novgorod (duba Yakin Sweden-Novgorodian) kuma yawancin Mutanen Baltic Finns kamar su Karelians (arewa maso yamma), Izhorians da Votes (yamma), Vepsians (gabas), da Ilmen Slavs na Novgorod. A lokacin yaƙe-yaƙe na Russo-Swedish na ƙarni na 15 zuwa 17, iyakar ta koma baya da gaba a kan ƙasar.

A cikin karni na 17, bayan da Sweden ta kama mafi yawan yankin Leningrad na yanzu tare da yarjejeniyar Stolbovo na 1617, ya zama batun kwararar yawan mutanen Lutheran na Finnish daga Finnish Karelia (wanda ya haɗa da Karelian Isthmus, yankin arewa maso yammacin Leningrad Oblast na yanzu) da Savonia. Da yake fuskantar matsin lamba na addini daga fastoci na Lutheran da hukumomin Sweden, mazauna yankin Orthodox na kakannin Rasha da Finnic sun yi tururuwa daga Ingria zuwa lardunan Rasha da ke makwabtaka da su, don haka ba da daɗewa ba Ingrian Finns suka zama ƙabila mafi rinjaye..

A lokacin Babban Yakin Arewa (1700-1721) yankin da ke yanzu Leningrad Oblast ya ci nasara daga Sweden ta Rasha a karkashin Peter the Great, wanda ya kafa Saint Petersburg a tsakiyar ƙasar a 1703, wanda nan da nan ya zama babban birnin Daular Rasha. A cikin 1708, an shirya mafi yawan yankin a cikin Gwamnatin Ingermanland a ƙarƙashin Gwamna Janar Alexander Menshikov . An sake masa suna Gwamnatin Saint Petersburg a cikin 1710 (yankan wannan lardin, duk da haka, sun bambanta sosai daga na yanzu oblast kuma sun haɗa da yawancin yankunan Novgorod, Pskov, da Vologda Oblasts na yanzu). A cikin 1721, an tabbatar da izinin yankin Sweden tare da Yarjejeniyar Nystad .

Rayuwar karkara ta sami rinjaye sosai daga kusa da babban birnin daular, wanda ya zama kasuwa mai girma don samar da aikin gona da kuma babban mai amfani da ma'adanai da albarkatun gandun daji. A cikin 1719-1810, an haƙa Ladoga Canal tsakanin Kogin Svir da Kogin Neva a matsayin wani ɓangare na hanyar ruwa ta Volga-Baltic don kauce wa ruwan guguwa na Tafkin Ladoga. Tun zuwan jigilar jirgin kasa a ƙarshen karni na 19, yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg sun kasance sanannun wuraren shakatawa na rani (dachas) ga mazaunanta. Koyaya, yayin da Saint Petersburg kanta ta fi yawan mutanen Rasha tun daga farko, ba har zuwa karni na 20 ba ne mutanen da ke kewaye da ita suka zama Rasha.

A cikin 1914, tare da barkewar yakin duniya na farko, Saint Petersburg aka sake masa suna Petrograd kuma an sake masa suna Gwamna Petrograd. Bayan juyin juya halin Rasha, a shekara ta 1918, an mayar da babban birnin kasar daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow, mafi nisa daga kan iyakokin kasar. A shekarar 1919, a lokacin yakin basasar kasar Rasha, sojojin arewa maso yammacin kasar da suka fito daga kasar Estonia da Nikolai Yudenich karkashin jagorancin Nikolai Yudenich sun yi kokarin kama Petrograd, har ma sun yi nasarar isa wajen kudancin kasar, amma harin da aka kai wa Red Army karkashin Leon Trotsky daga karshe bai yi nasara ba, kuma Yudenich ya ja da baya. An kafa iyaka da Estonia a cikin yarjejeniyar Tartu ta Rasha da Finnish ta 1920, wadda ta daidaita kan iyakar tsakanin Finland da Soviet Rasha. A 1924, Petrograd aka sake masa suna Leningrad, da kuma Petrograd Governorate aka sake sake masa suna (Leningrad Governorate).

Leningrad Oblast was established on 1 August 1927, by the resolutions of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee "On the Establishment of Leningrad Oblast" and "On the Borders and Composition of the Okrugs of Leningrad Oblast" by merging Cherepovets, Leningrad, Murmansk, Novgorod, and Pskov Governorates. The territory of the oblast corresponded to the modern territories of the present-day Leningrad Oblast (with the exception of the Karelian Isthmus and the territories along the border with Estonia), Novgorod Oblast, Pskov Oblast, parts of Vologda Oblast, most of Murmansk Oblast, and the federal city of Saint Petersburg. The total area of the oblast was 360,400 square kilometres (139,200 sq mi); more than four times larger than the modern entity. Administratively, the oblast was divided into nine okrugs (Borovichi, Cherepovets, Leningrad, Lodeynoye Pole, Luga, Murmansk, Novgorod, Pskov, and Velikiye Luki), each of which was in turn subdivided into districts.

Yankin Leningrad Oblast ta 1938, kamar yadda aka kwatanta a cikin Great Soviet Encyclopedia (1st ed., vol. 36, 1938)

A cikin 1929, an canja Yankin Velikiye Luki zuwa sabon yankin Yammacin da aka kafa. An raba Leningrad daga Leningrad Oblast a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1931. A cikin 1935 an sanya gundumomi biyar mafi kudancin wani ɓangare na Kalinin Oblast. A cikin 1936 wasu sassan yankin Leningrad Suburban District na Leningrad an mayar da su zuwa Leningrad Oblast kuma an raba su zuwa Gundumar Vsevolozhsky, Gundumar Krasnoselsky, Gundumomin Pargolovsky da Gundumar Slutsky (wanda aka sake masa suna Gundumar Pavlovsky a 1944). Vologda Oblast, wanda ya hada da gundumomin gabashin Leningrad Oblast (tsohuwar Gwamnatin Cherepovets), an kirkireshi ne a 1937. Murmansk Oblast ya rabu da Leningrad Oblast a 1938.

A cikin kaka na 1934, an kafa Yankin Yankin da aka haramta tare da iyakar yammacin Tarayyar Soviet, inda babu wanda zai iya bayyana ba tare da izini na musamman da NKVD ta bayar ba. A hukumance yana da zurfin kilomita 7.5 kawai da farko, amma tare da iyakar Estonia ya kai kusan kilomita 90. Za a tsabtace yankin daga Finnic da sauran mutanen da gwamnatin ta dauka a matsayin "marasa dogaro da siyasa". Farawa daga 1929, hukumomin Soviet sun gudanar da korar jama'ar Ingrian Finnish na yankin, wanda ya kasance mafi rinjaye a yankunan karkara da yawa har zuwa farkon karni na 20, zuwa gabas, maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet.  

A ranar 30 ga Nuwamba 1939, Tarayyar Soviet ta yi Yaƙin hunturu da makwabciyar Finland kuma tare da Yarjejeniyar Zaman Lafiya ta Moscow a 1940 ta sami wasu yankuna, gami da Karelian Isthmus . An kwashe yawan mutanen Karelian da sauri zuwa cikin Finland kuma daga baya aka maye gurbin su da mutane daga wasu sassan Tarayyar Soviet. An sanya wani karamin ɓangare na yankin (ƙauyuka na Kanneljärvi, Koivisto da Rautu) a cikin Leningrad Oblast, sauran an haɗa su cikin Jamhuriyar Socialist Soviet ta Karelo-Finnish .

Taswirar da ke nuna mamayar Axis na Leningrad Oblast a ƙarshen 1941

A cikin 1941, Jamus ta mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a Operation Barbarossa, kuma jim kadan bayan haka yankin ya zama wurin yakin Leningrad. Dakarun na Wehrmacht sun kwace yankin kudu maso yammacin yankin inda suka isa Tikhvin a gabas, yayin da sojojin Finland suka yi gaggawar kwato yankunan da aka ware a ci gaba da yakin, inda suka kewaye birnin Leningrad daga kasar. A shekara ta 1944, hare-haren Soviet sun yi nasarar korar Wehrmacht da kuma matsa lamba na soja a kan Finland, wanda ya sake ba da Karelian Isthmus a cikin Moscow Armistice na Satumba 19, 1944. A wannan lokacin an shigar da sababbin yankuna a yankin Leningrad (Vyborgsky da Priozersky District). A cikin 1947 an tabbatar da nasarorin yankuna tare da yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Paris. An kafa Novgorod da Pskov Oblast daga kudancin yankin Leningrad a cikin 1944. A cikin Janairu 1945 wani karamin yanki na Estoniya SSR zuwa gabashin Kogin Narva tare da garin Jaanilinn (yanzu Ivangorod) an tura shi zuwa SFSR na Rasha kuma an haɗa shi cikin yankin Leningrad. Tun daga lokacin, yankin Leningrad Oblast bai canza sosai ba, ko da yake an cire wasu yankuna na Leningrad (yanzu Saint Petersburg) daga yankin kuma an shigar da su cikin birnin. A cikin Oktoba 1946 Leningrad ya samu daga yankin wasu tsoffin yankuna na Finnish tare da arewacin bakin tekun Gulf of Finland zuwa gundumar Sestroretsky da gundumar Kurortny, gami da garin Terijoki.

A shekara ta 1953, an soke Gundumar Pavlovsky ta yankin, kuma an sanya wasu sassan yankinta ciki har da Pavlovsk a ƙarƙashin Leningrad. A shekara ta 1954 an kuma sauya ƙauyukan Levashovo, Pargolovo da Pesochny zuwa Leningrad. A shekara ta 1956 Gundumar Boksitogorsky ta Leningrad Oblast ta sami karamin yanki na Novgorod Oblast. An canja Uritsk daga yankin zuwa birnin Leningrad a 1963, Krasnoye Selo da ƙauyuka da yawa da ke kusa - a 1973, Lomonosov - a 1978.

Bayan raba gardama a shekarar 1991, an sake sunan birnin Leningrad zuwa Saint Petersburg, amma Leningrad Oblast ya riƙe sunansa. A ranar 13 ga Yuni 1996, Leningrad Oblast, tare da Tver Oblast da Saint Petersburg, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar raba iko tare da gwamnatin tarayya, suna ba da ikon cin gashin kanta. Daga baya aka soke wannan yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga Afrilu 2002.

Rayuwa a lokacin haihuwa a Leningrad Oblast

Yawan jama'a: 2,000,997 (2021 Census); 1,716,868 (2010 Census); 1,669,205 (2002 Census); 1,661,173 (1989 Soviet census).

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1959	1,244,991	—
1970	1,435,729	+15.3%
1979	1,519,165	+5.8%
1989	1,661,173	+9.3%
2002	1,669,205	+0.5%
2010	1,716,868	+2.9%
2021	2,000,997	+16.5%

• Haihuwar: 11,840 (5.8 cikin 1,000)
• Mutuwa: 22,300 (11.0 a cikin 1,000)

Jimlar yawan haihuwa (2024): [1] 0.89 yara ga kowace mace

Rayuwa da ake tsammani (2021): Jimillar - shekaru 70.17 (maza - 65.43, mata - 74.94)   

Rukunin kabilanci (2021)  

Kabilu	Yawan jama'a	Kashi
Rasha	1,642,897	93.7%
Yukren	12,905	0.5%
Uzbeks	7,797	0.4%
Mutanen Belarus	7,527	0.4%
Tatars	6,805	0.4%
Armenia	6,182	0.4%
Tajiks	4,896	0.3%
Azerbaijan	3,814	0.2%
Kyrgyz	2,004	0.1%
Wasu	58,019	3.6%
Kabilun da ba'a ambato ba	248,151	-

Dangane da binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2012 55.1% na yawan mutanen Leningrad Oblast sun bi Cocin Orthodox na Rasha, 4% Krista ne marasa alaƙa, 1% Musulmai ne, 1% na yawan jama'a sun bi addinin Slavic (Rodnovery), 1% Tsoffin Muminai ne. Bugu da kari, kashi 20% na yawan jama'a sun bayyana cewa "na ruhaniya ne amma ba na addini ba", kashi 8% ba su yarda da Allah ba, kuma kashi 9.9% suna bin wasu addinai ko kuma ba su ba da amsar tambayar ba.

Ginin Gwamnati da Majalisar Dokoki na yankin a kan Proletarian Dictatorship Square a Saint PetersburgSt. Petersburg

Ana amfani da ikon jihar a yankin bisa ga Yarjejeniyar, wanda aka karɓa a ranar 27 ga Oktoba 1994.

Babban jami'in yankin shine gwamna, wanda aka zaba don wa'adin shekaru biyar. Tun daga ranar 28 ga Mayu 2012, ya kasance Aleksandr Drozdenko .

Gwamnati ce ke amfani da ikon zartarwa a yankin, wanda ya hada da:

• Gwamnatin Leningrad Oblast ita ce babbar hukumar zartarwa ta jihar, wacce ta hada da Gwamna (Shugaban Gwamnati), mataimakan gwamnoni da shugabannin kwamitoci
• bangarori, yankuna da sauran hukumomin zartarwa

Majalisar dokoki ta Leningrad Oblast ce ke amfani da ikon yin majalisa a yankin, wanda ya ƙunshi wakilai 50 da mazaunan yankin suka zaba bisa ga tsarin haɗin kai na tsawon shekaru 5. A cikin 2016, an kafa Majalisar Dokoki ta taron na shida, wanda akwai ƙungiyoyi 4: United Russia (mataimakan 40), A Just Russia (mataimaki 3), Jam'iyyar Kwaminisanci ta Tarayyar Rasha (mataimakin 3), Jamʼiyyar Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (matai 4). Shugaban Majalisar Dokoki shine Sergei Bebenin .

Sakatare na farko na Kwamitin CPSU na Leningrad Oblast

A lokacin da suka kasance mafi mahimmancin iko a cikin oblast (1927 zuwa 1991), an nada sakataren farko masu zuwa,

• 1927-1934 Sergey Mironovich Kirov, an kashe shi
• 1934-1945 Andrey Andreyevich Zhdanov
• 1945-1946 Alexey Alexandrovich Kuznetsov, daga baya aka kashe
• 1946-1949 Pyotr Sergeyevich Popkov, daga baya aka kashe
• 1949-1953 Vasily Mikhaylovich Andrianov
• 1953-1957 Frol Romanovich Kozlov
• 1957-1962 Ivan Vasilyevich Spiridonov
• 1962-1970 Vasily Sergeyevich Tolstikov
• 1970-1983 Grigory Vasilyevich Romanov
• 1983-1985 Lev Nikolayevich Zaykov
• 1985-1989 Yury Filippovich Solovyov
• 1989-1991 Boris Veniaminovich Gidaspov

Gwamnoni

Tun daga shekara ta 1991, ana nada gwamnoni a wasu lokuta, kuma a wasu lokuta ana zabar su,

• 1991-1996 Alexander Semyonovich Belyakov, shugaban gwamnati, ya nada;
• 1996-1998 Vadim Anatolyevich Gustov, gwamna, an zabe shi;
• 1998-2012 Valery Pavlovich Serdyukov, gwamna, an zabe shi, sannan aka nada shi;
• 2012- Aleksandr Yuryevich Drozdenko, wanda aka nada.

Rarrabawar gudanarwa

A fannin gudanarwa, Leningrad Oblast ya kasu kashi goma sha bakwai da kuma gari daya mai muhimmanci (Sosnovy Bor). Dangane da yanki, gundumar gudanarwa mafi girma ita ce Podporozhsky (7,706 kilomita (2,975 'i ), kuma mafi ƙanƙanta ita ce Lomonosovsky (1,919 murabba'ی kilomita (741 murabba'ir kilomita)).

Gundumar Lomonosov ita ce kawai gundumar a Rasha da ke da Cibiyar gudanarwa (garin Lomonosov) da ke cikin wani batun tarayya daban. Duk da yake gundumar wani bangare ne na Leningrad Oblast, Lomonosov yana cikin Birnin tarayya na Saint Petersburg .

Tattalin Arziki

Masana'antu

Yankin, musamman yankunan da ke kusa da Saint Petersburg, suna da masana'antu sosai. Manyan kamfanoni sun hada da mai a Kirishi, kamfanin hada motoci na Ford, kamfanin hada-hadar Hyundai Russia da kamfanin hada-hada na Rexam PLC Beverage Can Turai da Asiya a Vsevolozhsk, kamfanin kera takarda a Syssstroy, da kuma kamfanin samar da man fetur a Vyborg, da kuma masana'antar masana'antar Tikhvin a Tikhvin.

Aikin noma

Babban ƙwarewar aikin gona na yankin shine kiwon shanu tare da samar da nama da madara da samar da kaji. Manyan filayen noma suna a gabas da kudu maso yammacin yankin.

DT1 mai yawa Diesel jirgin kasa a Veymarn

Saint-Petersburg babbar tashar jirgin ƙasa ce, kuma duk hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da ke gudana zuwa gare ta sun ƙetare Leningrad Oblast. Sun haɗa Saint-Petersburg da Moscow (Saint Petersburg - Moscow Railway), Helsinki ta hanyar Vyborg, Murmansk ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, Sortavala ta hanyar Priozersk, Tallinn ta hanyar Kingisepp, Riga ta hanyar Pskov, Vitebsk ta hanyar Dno, da Veliky Novgorod. Akwai hanyar jirgin kasa a Karelian Isthmus, musamman, wanda ke haɗa Vyborg da Priozersk, da kuma kudancin Saint-Petersburg. Har ila yau, akwai layin dogo da ke haɗa Veymarn da Slantsy, Veymarn tare da Petergof ta hanyar Sosnovy Bor, Mga tare da Sonkovo ta hanyar Kirishi, Volkhov tare da Vologda ta hanyar Tikhvin da Cherepovets, Volkhv tare da Chudovo, da Lodeynoye Pole tare da Sortavala ta hanyar Olonets. Yawancin su suna tallafawa fasinjoji da zirga-zirgar kaya.

Hanyoyi da aka shimfiɗa sun rufe yamma da tsakiya na Leningrad Oblast. Hanyar M10 ta haɗa Saint Petersburg da Moscow ta hanyar Veliky Novgorod a kudu da kuma iyakar Finland, ci gaba da ƙetare iyakar zuwa Helsinki, a arewa. An raba shi tsakanin hanyoyin Turai E18 (Saint Petersburg zuwa Finland) da E105 (Saint Petersburgo zuwa Moscow), kuma yawancin sa a cikin oblast an gina shi azaman hanyar hawa biyu. Hanyar R21 (kuma wani ɓangare na E105) tana gudana daga Saint Petersburg zuwa Murmansk ta hanyar Petrozavodsk, kuma A180 (wani ɓangare na E20) yana haɗa Saint Petersburg da Ivangorod kuma yana ci gaba a fadin iyakar Estonia zuwa Tallinn. R23 ya haɗa Saint Petersburg da Pskov; yana daga cikin E95. A114 yana gudana zuwa Vologda ta hanyar Cherepovets. Hanyar da aka biya tsakanin Saint Petersburg da Moscow da sabuwar A121 daga Saint-Petersburg zuwa Sortavala, a kusa da gabar yammacin Ladoga ana ginawa. Hanyoyi suna aiki sosai ta hanyar zirga-zirgar bas.

Luga, da Svir, da Volkhov, da Neva dukkansu na iya kewayawa kuma suna da matuƙar amfani da sufurin kaya, duk da haka, babu wani jirgin fasinja da aka tsara a cikin yankin, sai dai tafiye-tafiyen raƙuman ruwa na lokaci na lokaci daga Saint-Petersburg. Canjin Onega, wanda aka raba tare da Vologda Oblast, yana aiki azaman mashigin tafkin Onega daga kudu. Hakazalika, Canal na Ladoga ya ketare tafkin Ladoga daga gabas, daga Svir zuwa Neva. Yana da wani ɓangare na Volga-Baltic Waterway. Sabanin haka, tsarin ruwa na Tikhvinskaya, wanda ke haɗa Syas da Mologa, wanda ya ba da dama daga Ladoga zuwa kogin Volga, an yi watsi da shi. Canal mai wucewa ta Saimaa Canal yana haɗa tafkin Saimaa a Finland tare da Tekun Fasha, yana da matsayi na musamman, kuma ana amfani da shi lokaci-lokaci don kewayawa fasinja.

Ust-Luga, Vyborg, Vysotsk, da Primorsk sune manyan tashoshin teku a Tekun Finland.

Akwai filayen jirgin sama da yawa a yankin Leningrad waɗanda yanzu ana amfani da su ne kawai ta hanyar jirgin sama. Jiragen da aka tsara da na kasa da kasa suna samuwa ne kawai daga Filin jirgin sama Pulkovo a Saint-Petersburg .

Makamashi

Makullin a Tashar wutar lantarki ta Upper Svir.

Tashar Nukiliya ta Leningrad tana cikin birnin Sosnovy Bor . Akwai manyan masana'antun hydroelectric guda huɗu a cikin yankin. An gina Tashar wutar lantarki ta Volkhov, a kan Kogin Volkhov a 1921 kuma ta zama babbar tashar wutar ruwa ta farko a Tarayyar Soviet. Sauran su ne Upper Svir Hydroelectric Station da Lower Svir Hydreelectric Station, duka a kan Kogin Svir, da kuma Narva Hydroele Electric Station a kan Koginsa Narva.

Kimiyya da fasaha

Akwai cibiyoyin kimiyya da fasaha da yawa a kusa da Saint Petersburg, wasu daga cikinsu suna cikin yankin. Misali, Gatchina shine shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Nazarin Nukiliya ta Petersburg kuma Sosnovy Bor ta dauki bakuncin Cibiyar Bincike ta Na'urorin Lantarki da Lantarki.

Al'adu da nishaɗi

Gine-gine

Cibiyar tarihi ta Vyborg

Gimreka tare

Tun kafin tarihi, Volkhov da Neva Rivers sun kasance ginshiƙan manyan hanyoyin kasuwanci, kuma wuraren binciken kayan tarihi sun cika bankunan su. Staraya Ladoga yana da shafuka da yawa kafin 1700, ciki har da biyu daga cikin kusan dozin da yawa da ke tsaye a gaban cocin Mongol a Rasha. Dukansu an gina su a cikin 1160s. Oreshek sansanin soja a Shlisselburg da Koporye Fortress, dukansu da aka gina a karni na 14, da kuma Ivangorod Fortress, wanda aka gina a 1492, sun kasance kyakkyawan misali na fasahar kariyar Rasha. Podporozhsky District ya ƙunshi mafi kyaun samfurori na katako ecclesiastical gine a cikin Leningrad Oblast, wasu daga cikinsu suna tare da ake magana a kai a matsayin Podporozhye Ring: The Resurrection Church a cikin ƙauyen Vazhiny, da Saint Nicholas Church a ƙauyen Soginitsy, da Sts Peter da Paul Chapel a ƙauyen Zaozerye a cikin Podporozhye Chapel, da kuma St. Sauran mashahuran majami'un katako guda biyu suna cikin ƙauyukan Gimreka da Shcheleyki kusa da Onega Lakeshore. Cibiyar Vyborg tana adana misalai da yawa na gine-ginen Sweden na zamanin da, na musamman ga Rasha

Bayan an kafa Saint Petersburg a cikin 1703, an kafa gidaje da mazauna da yawa a kusa da birnin. Wasu daga cikinsu har yanzu suna tsaye kuma an jera su a matsayin wuraren Taushi Duniya, an tara su a cikin shafin yanar gizon Cibiyar Tarihi ta Saint Petersburg da Ƙungiyoyin Tarihi. ya haɗa da, da sauransu, dukiya a Gostilitsy, Ropsha, da Taytsy.

Wuraren da ke cikin Karelian Isthmus suna adana wasu kyawawan gine-ginen Finnish na tsakanin yaƙe-yaƙe. Misali mafi sananne shine ɗakin karatu na Viipuri na Alvar Aalto .