Yankewa

Yankewa
landscape element (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	fixed construction (en)
Bangare na	levee (en)

Hoton Likitan 'yan sanda wanda ke nuna jikin Catherine Eddowes, wanda aka azabtar da shi na huɗu na Jack the Ripper, kamar yadda aka gano a ranar 30 ga Satumba, 1888

ko nakasa (daga Latin: mutilus) mummunan lalacewa ne ga jiki wanda ke da mummunar tasiri ga ingancin rayuwa mutum.

A Zamanin zamani, kalmar tana da ma'anar mummunar ma'ana, tana nufin canje-canje waɗanda ke ba da wani abu mara kyau, mara aiki, mara cikakke, ko mara kyau.

Kalmomin

A cikin 2019, Michael H. Stone, Gary Brucato, da Ann Burgess sun ba da shawarar ka'idojin da za a iya rarrabe "na'ura" daga aikin "rarraba", kamar yadda ake amfani da waɗannan kalmomin sauyawa. Sun ba da shawarar cewa rarrabawar ta ƙunshi "duk cirewa, ta kowace hanya, na babban ɓangaren jikin mutum mai rai ko matattu, musamman, kai (wanda ake kira yanke kai), hannaye, hannu, jikin mutum, yankin pelvic, kafafu, ko ƙafafu". Yankewa, akasin haka, ya haɗa da "kawar ko lalacewa marar gyara, ta kowace hanya, na wasu ƙananan ɓangarorin ɗayan waɗannan manyan ɓangarorin mutum mai rai ko matattu. Wannan na ƙarshe zai haɗa da castration (cirewar testicles), evisceration (cire gabobin ciki), da flaying (cire fata).

Dangane da waɗannan sigogi, cire hannu gaba ɗaya zai zama raguwa, yayin da cirewa ko lalata yatsan zai zama yankewa; yanke kai na cikakken kai zai zama yanke, yayin da kawar da ko lalata wani ɓangare na fuska zai zama yanke; kuma cire dukkan jikin zai zama yankewar, yayin da sharewa ko lalata nono ko gabobin da ke cikin jikin zai zama yankawa.

Amfani da shi

Wasu kabilun suna yin lalata al'ada, alal misali, ƙonewa, Clitoridectomy, ko bulalation, wani lokacin a matsayin wani ɓangare na al'ada na wucewa. A wasu lokuta, kalmar na iya amfani da ita ga maganin gawawwakin, kamar yadda yake a yanayin scalping, lokacin da aka lalata mutum bayan abokin gaba ya Kashewa shi. Castration kuma wani nau'i ne na yanka. Al'adar gargajiya ta kasar Sin ta ɗaure ƙafa wani nau'i ne na yanka. Wani nau'i na yanka wanda ya kama tunanin mutanen Yamma shine mutanen "tsawon wuyansa", wani rukuni na Karen da aka sani da Padaung inda mata ke sanya zoben tagulla a wuyansu don yin su tsawo.

Wata sanarwa ta hadin gwiwa da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da sauran kungiyoyi masu yawa na kasa da kasa suka fitar tana adawa da yankan mata.

Maiming

Maiming, ko yankan da ya shafi asarar, ko rashin iya amfani da shi, memba na jiki, al'ummomi da yawa da ke da muhimmancin al'adu da addini daban-daban ne suka yi shi kuma an yi shi, kuma yana da al'ada na azabtarwa ta jiki, musamman an yi amfani da shi akan ka'idar ido don ido.

Misalai na tarihi sun yi yawa; Janar na kasar Sin Sun Bin ya cire gwiwoyinsa bayan an tsara shi don cin amana a Lokacin Yaki Jihohi, yayin da jarumin Araucanian Galvarino ya yankewa hannunsa a matsayin horo yayin da yake fursuna a lokacin da Mutanen Espanya suka ci Chile.

Maiming sau da yawa laifi ne; tsohuwar kalmar doka don shari'a ta musamman ta gurgunta mutane ita ce rikici, wani nau'i na Anglo-Faransa na kalmar.

Yankewa a matsayin azabtarwa ta mutum

A lokutan da har ma ana ba da izinin azabtar da jiki na shari'a don haifar da ba kawai ciwo mai tsanani da wulakanci na jama'a ba a lokacin gudanarwa har ma da haifar da lalacewar jiki na dindindin, ko ma da gangan an yi niyya don nuna alama mai laifi don rayuwa ta hanyar noma ko alama, ɗayan wuraren da aka saba amfani da su ba a ƙarƙashin tufafi na dindaya ba (musamman rashin tausayi a cikin dogon lokaci) sune kunne (s).

Fredegund ordering the mutilation of Olericus

A Ingila, alal misali, marubuta daban-daban da ke kai farmaki ga ra'ayoyin addini na Anglican episcopacy a ƙarƙashin William Laud, Archbishop na Canterbury, an yanke kunnuwansu don waɗannan rubuce-rubucen: a cikin 1630 Alexander Leighton kuma a cikin 1637 har yanzu wasu Puritans, John Bastwick, Henry Burton, da William Prynne.