Yankin Kamchatka

 

Yankin Kamchatka
General information
Gu mafi tsayi	Klyuchevskaya Sopka (en)
Yawan fili	270,000 km²
Labarin ƙasa
Tsarin Daidaiton Labarin Kasa	57°N 160°E
Kasa	Rasha, Tsardom of Russia (en) , Russian Empire (en) da Kungiyar Sobiyet
Territory	Kamchatka Krai (en)
Flanked by	Sea of Okhotsk (en)
Hydrography (en)

Yankin Kamchatka ( Russian) 1,250 kilometres (777 mi) tsibiri a Gabas Mai Nisa na Rasha, mai yanki kusan 270,000 square kilometres (100,000 sq mi) . Tekun Okhotsk yana iyaka da bakin tekun yammacin tekun, nan da nan a bakin tekun da ke karkashin Tekun Bering yana gudanar 9,600 metres (31,496 ft) Kuril-Kamchatka Trench . Gabashin gabar tekunta shine Tekun Bering, wani yanki na Tekun Pasifik .

Yankin Kamchatka, Tsibirin Kwamandan, da Tsibirin Karaginsky sun zama Kamchatka Krai na Tarayyar Rasha. Yawancin mazauna 322,079 'yan kabilar Rasha ne, tare da kusan 13,000 Koryaks (2014). Fiye da rabin yawan jama'a suna zaune a Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky (179,526 a 2010) da kuma kusa da Yelizovo (38,980). Yankin Kamchatka ya ƙunshi tsaunuka masu fitattun wuta na Kamchatka, Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO, wanda ya zama wani ɓangare na Ring of Fire. 

Yanayin ƙasa

Yanayin yankin Kamchatka

 

Yankin da aka nuna shi ne Kamchatka Krai, wanda ya hada da Kamchatka Peninsula da wasu daga cikin manyan yankuna zuwa arewa.

A siyasance, tsibirin ya zama wani ɓangare na Kamchatka Krai . Yankin kudancin ana kiransa Cape Lopatka . (Lopatka ita ce Rasha don spade.) Bayar da ke arewacin wannan a gefen Pacific ita ce Avacha Bay, gida ga babban birnin, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky . A arewacin gefen Pacific, ana kiran yankuna huɗu da Shipunsky Point, Kronotsky Point, Kamchatsky Point, da Ozernoy Point. Arewacin Ozernoy Point shine babban Karaginsky Bay, wanda ke nuna Tsibirin Karaginsky. Arewa maso gabashin wannan (a kan taswirar da aka nuna) yana da Korfa Bay tare da garin Tilichiki . A gefe guda kuma akwai Shelikhov Gulf .

Kamchatka ko Tsakiyar (Sredinny) Range ya zama kashin tsibirin. Tare da gabar kudu maso gabas yana gudana da Gabashin Gabas (Vostochny) . Tsakanin wadannan akwai kwarin tsakiya. Kogin Kamchatka ya tashi a arewa maso yammacin Avacha kuma yana gudana a arewacin kwarin tsakiya, yana juyawa gabas kusa da Klyuchi don shiga Pacific kudu da Kamchatsky Point a Ust-Kamchatsk.

A cikin karni na 19, wata hanya ta kai yamma daga kusa da Klychi a kan duwatsu zuwa kogin Tegil da garin, wanda shine babban wurin kasuwanci a gabar yamma. Arewacin Tegil shine Koryak Okrug . Kudancin Tegil shine Kogin Icha . Kusan kudu da kogin Kamchatka, Kogin Bistraya ya juya kudu maso yamma don shiga Tekun Okhotsk a Bolsheretsk, wanda ya taɓa zama tashar jiragen ruwa da ke haɗa tsibirin zuwa Okhotsk. Kudancin Bistraya yana gudana da Kogin Golygina .

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky da ƙauyuka a tsakiyar yankin suna da alaƙa da babbar hanyar zuwa Ust-Kamchatsk. Hanyar tana da asphalt a kudancinsa, amma tana canzawa zuwa dutse game da rabin arewa inda yawan jama'a ya fi ƙanƙanta. Wata babbar hanyar ta haɗa babban birnin tare da Bolsheretsk. Ana samun sabis na bas a kan hanyoyi biyu. Yawancin sauran hanyoyi an rufe su da dutse ko hanyoyin datti, suna buƙatar motoci masu iya tafiya a kan hanya. Akwai jigilar fasinjoji na yau da kullun tare da jirgin sama.

Fashewar Klyuchevskaya Sopka

Yankin da ke bayyane a cikin kwarin tsakiya shine Klyuchevskaya Sopka, wani rukuni mai fitattun wuta a kudu maso gabashin kogin Kamchatka. Yammacin Kronotsky Point shine Kronotsky Biosphere Reserve tare da Kwarin Geysers . A gefen kudu shine Kudancin Kamchatka Wildlife Refuge tare da Tafkin Kurile . Akwai wasu wuraren da aka kare da yawa a kan tsibirin.

Yanayi

Kamchatka tana karɓar har zuwa 2,700 millimetres (110 in) in) na hazo a kowace shekara. Wannan ya fi sauran Gabashin Rasha girma. Karin hazo ya faru ne saboda iskar yamma da ke busawa a kan Tekun Japan, wanda ke karɓar danshi wanda ke tashi yayin da ya buga mafi girman yanayin tsibirin, kuma ya shiga cikin ruwan sama. Lokacin bazara yana da matsakaici, kuma hunturu yana da guguwa; duk da haka, guguwa ba ta haifar da walƙiya.

Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
Climate chart (explanation)
J F M A M Y Y A S O N D     118     −5 −10     80     −5 −9     84     −2 −7     90     2 −3     64     7 1     53     12 6     62     15 9     91     16 10     111     13 7     174     8 3     130     1 −3     109     −4 −8 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C █ Precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     4.6     23 14     3.1     24 15     3.3     29 19     3.5     36 27     2.5     44 34     2.1     53 42     2.4     59 49     3.6     61 50     4.4     56 45     6.9     46 37     5.1     34 26     4.3     26 18 █ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F █ Precipitation totals in inches

• 
  Illustration from Stepan Krasheninnikov's Account of the Land of Kamchatka (1755)
• 
  Three Brothers rocks in the Avacha Bay
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  Cathedral of the Holy Trinity in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky
• 
  Adam Johann von Krusenstern in Avacha Bay by Friedrich Georg Weitsch, c. 1806, National Museum in Warsaw

Dabbobi da tsire-tsire

Yankin Kamchatka da ke kewaye da fure a cikin 2013

Wani Beyar launin ruwan kasa ta Kamchatka a lokacin rani

Kamchatka tana da tsire-tsire masu yawa. Yanayin yanayi mai canzawa yana inganta yankuna daban-daban inda tundra da muskeg suka fi rinjaye, wanda ciyawa, shrubs masu fure, da gandun daji na Pine, birch, Alder, da willow suka yi nasara. Hanyoyin shuke-shuke iri-iri da suka bazu a ko'ina cikin yankin suna inganta irin wannan bambancin a cikin nau'in dabbobi waɗanda ke ciyar da tsire-tsire. Kodayake Kamchatka galibi tundra ne, itatuwa masu laushi da coniferous suna da yawa, kuma ana iya samun gandun daji a duk faɗin tsibirin.

Kamchatka tana da dabbobi masu yawa da yawa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda dalilai da yawa, gami da yanayi daban-daban; yanayin ƙasa da ƙasa daban-daban, koguna masu yawa masu gudana kyauta; kusanci da ruwan da ke da amfani sosai na arewa maso yammacin Tekun Pacific, Bering, da Tekun Okhotsk; ƙarancin yawan mutane; da ƙananan ci gaba. Har ila yau, tsibirin yana alfahari da kudancin kudancin Arctic tundra a duniya. Duk da haka, cinikin kasuwanci na albarkatun ruwa da tarihin kama gashi ya shafi nau'o'i da yawa.

Kamchatka sananne ne saboda yalwa da girman bears dinta. A cikin Kronotsky Nature Reserve, an kiyasta cewa akwai bears uku zuwa hudu a kowace kilomita 100 (39 sq . Sauran dabbobi masu lura sun haɗa da masu cin nama kamar Tundra wolf (Canis lupus albus), Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus), Anadyr fox (Vulpes vulpes beringiana), Gabashin Siberiya lynx (Lynx lynx wrangeli), wolverine (Gulo gulo), sable (Martes zibellina), Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra), Gabashin Siberia stoat (Mustela ermine kaneii), da Siberian mafi ƙan weasel (Mustela nivalis pygmaea). Yankin yana da mazaunin manyan ungulates da yawa ciki har da Tumakin dusar ƙanƙara na Kamchatka, reindeer (Rangifer tarandus), da Chukotka moose (Alces Alces buturlini), ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma a duniya kuma mafi girma a Eurasia, da rodents / leporids, gami da Hare na dutse (Lepus timidus), marmot, da nau'ikan lemming da squirrel da yawa. Yankin tsibirin shine wurin haifuwa ga Steller's Sea Eagle, daya daga cikin manyan nau'in gaggafa, tare da Golden Eagle da Gyrfalcon.

Kamchatka mai yiwuwa ya ƙunshi mafi yawan nau'ikan kifin salmonid a duniya, gami da dukkan nau'ikan Salmon na Pacific (Chinook, coho, chum, Sema, pink, da sockeye). Saboda yanayin da ya dace da shi, masana kimiyyar halittu sun kiyasta cewa kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na duk salmon na Pacific ya samo asali ne daga Kamchatka. An san Tafkin Kurile a matsayin babbar wurin haifuwa don sockeye a Eurasia. Dangane da matsin lamba daga farauta da raguwar salmon a duk duniya, wasu kilomita 24,000 (9,300 sq tare da tara daga cikin kogunan salmon da suka fi samarwa suna cikin tsari na warewa a matsayin adana yanayi. Nau'in Stickleback, musamman Gasterosteus aculeatus da Pungitius pungitius, suma suna faruwa a cikin magudanar ruwa da yawa, kuma suna iya kasancewa a cikin ruwa mai laushi.

Cetaceans da ke yawan zuwa ruwan da ke da amfani sosai a arewa maso yammacin Pacific da Tekun Okhotsk sun haɗa da orcas, Dall's da tashar jiragen ruwa, humpback whales, Sperm whales, da fin whales. Sau da yawa, ana haɗuwa da whales masu launin toka (daga yawan mutanen gabas), Whale na dama na Arewacin Pacific da bowhead whale, whale mai bakin baki, da whale mai banƙyama. Blue whale an san su da cin abinci daga kudu maso gabashin shelf a lokacin rani. Daga cikin pinnipeds, zakunan teku na Steller, hatimi na arewa, hatimi mai tabo, da hatimi na tashar jiragen ruwa suna da yawa a yawancin tsibirin. Ƙarin arewa, ana iya haɗuwa da walrus da hatimi mai gemu a gefen Pacific, kuma hatimi na ribbon suna haifuwa a kan kankara na Karaginsky Bay. Otters na teku suna mai da hankali ne da farko a ƙarshen kudancin tsibirin.

Tsuntsaye na teku sun haɗa da murrelets, Arewacin Fulmars, Murres mai kauri da mai kauri, Kittiwakes, Tufted da Horned Puffins, Red-faced, Pelagic, da sauran Cormorants, da sauran nau'o'in. Misali na tekun arewa, dabbobin ruwa suna da wadata. Muhimmancin kasuwanci sune Kamchatka crab (sarki crab), scallop, squid, pollock, cod, herring, Halibut, da nau'ikan kifi da yawa.

Yawon shakatawa

Abubuwan da ke da sha'awa a yankin Kamchatka sun haɗa da maɓuɓɓugar zafi da ma'adanai, tsaunuka masu fashewa, kankara, bambancin shuke-shuke da dabbobi, da sauran siffofin halitta waɗanda wayewa ba ta taɓa su ba. Ayyuka sun haɗa da kamun Kifi na wasanni, yawon shakatawa na alpine, heliskiing, snowboarding, dog sledding, da surfing.