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Yankin birni

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Yankin birni
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na mazaunin mutane
Has characteristic (en) Fassara urbanity (en) Fassara
Hannun riga da Countryside
Skyline na Seoul da dare
Bayyanar sararin samaniya na Greater Adelaide, wuraren shakatawa suna aiki a matsayin shingen tsakanin CBD na ciki da kewaye da birane
Ra'ayi na tauraron dan adam na megalopolis na Arewa maso gabashin Amurka da dare, megalopoly mafi yawan tattalin arziki a duniya tare da mazauna sama da miliyan 50, wanda ke tsakiyar Birnin New York
Babban São Paulo da dare, kamar yadda aka gani daga tashar sararin samaniya ta duniyaTashar sararin samaniya ta kasa da kasa
Yankin Warsaw

Yankin birane shine mazaunin ɗan adam tare da yawan jama'a da kuma ababen more rayuwa na gine-gine.[lower-alpha 1] Yankunan birane sun samo asali ne ta hanyar birane, kuma masu bincike sun rarraba su a matsayin birane, garuruwa, conurbations ko unguwanni. A cikin birane, kalmar "birni" ta bambanta da yankunan karkara kamar ƙauyuka da ƙauyuka; a cikin ilimin zamantakewar birane ko ilimin ɗan adam na birane, sau da yawa ya bambanta da yanayin halitta.

Ci gaban magabata na birane na zamani a lokacin juyin juya halin birane na karni na 4 KZ ya haifar da kafa wayewa ɗan adam kuma a ƙarshe zuwa Tsarin birane na yau da kullun, wanda tare da sauran ayyukan ɗan adam kamar amfani da albarkatun kasa ya haifar da Tasirin ɗan adam akan muhalli.

Ci gaban tarihi na baya-bayan nan

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Amfani da ƙasa na duniya a cikin 2019, an kiyasta yankin da aka gina a matsayin murabba'in kilomita miliyan 1.5.

A cikin 1950, mutane miliyan 764 (ko kusan kashi 30 cikin 100 na mutane biliyan 2.5 a duniya) suna zaune a cikin birane. A shekara ta 2009, yawan mutanen da ke zaune a cikin birane (3.42 biliyan) sun wuce yawan mutanen da suke zaune a yankunan karkara (3.41 biliyan), kuma tun daga wannan lokacin duniya ta zama birane fiye da karkara.[1] Ya zuwa shekara ta 2014, ya kai biliyan 3.9 (ko kusan kashi 53 cikin 100 na mutane biliyan 7.3 a duniya) waɗanda ke zaune a cikin birane. Canjin ya haifar da haɗuwa da ƙaruwar yawan jama'a da ƙaruyar kashi na yawan mutanen da ke zaune a cikin birane. Wannan shi ne karo na farko da yawancin mutanen duniya suka zauna a cikin birni.[2] A wannan lokacin babban kimantawa da aka lissafa har zuwa murabba'in kilomita miliyan 3.5 na ƙasa sun kasance birane, kimantawa daga 1% na yankin ƙasa na duniya. [3][4] A shekara ta 2014 akwai mutane biliyan 7.3 da ke zaune a duniya, daga cikinsu yawan mutanen birane na duniya sun hada da biliyan 3.9. Sashen Jama'a na Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziki da Harkokin Jama'a ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a wannan lokacin ya yi hasashen cewa yawan mutanen birane za su mamaye kashi 68% na yawan mutanen duniya nan da shekara ta 2050, tare da kashi 90% na wannan ci gaban da ke fitowa daga Afirka da Asiya.[5]

Gidajen birni

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The UN publishes data on cities, urban areas and rural areas, but relies almost entirely on national definitions of these areas. The UN principles and recommendations state that due to different characteristics of urban and rural areas across the globe, a global definition is not possible.[6]

Yankin birni (km2), 2010 [7]
Yankunan birane tare da akalla mazauna miliyan daya a cikin 2020

Ana kirkirar yankunan birane kuma ana ci gaba da bunkasa su ta hanyar tsarin birni. Ana auna su don dalilai daban-daban, gami da nazarin yawan jama'a da Yaduwar birane. Ana samun yankunan birane a Amurka, Kanada, Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Japan, Australia, da sauran ƙasashe da yawa inda yawan birane yake da yawa.

Ba kamar birni ba, yankin birni ya haɗa da ba kawai birni ba ne, har ma da Biranen tauraron dan adam tare da shiga tsakani na yankunan karkara wanda ke da alaƙa da zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da Babban birni, yawanci ta hanyar haɗin aiki ta hanyar tafiye-tafiye, tare da babban birane shine kasuwar ma'aikata ta farko.

'anar "yanki na birni" kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kididdigar tattalin arziki bai kamata a rikita shi da manufar "yanki" da aka yi amfani dashi a cikin kidididdigar tsaro ta hanya ba. Wannan kalmar ta fara kirkirar ne daga masanin ilimin ƙasa Brian Manning. Tunanin karshe kuma an san shi da "Yankin da aka gina a cikin aminci na hanya". Dangane da ma'anar Ofishin Kididdiga na Kasa, "An bayyana wuraren da aka gina a matsayin ƙasar da ba za a iya juyawa ba a cikin halayyar birni', ma'ana cewa suna da halayyar gari ko birni. Sun haɗa da yankunan da aka gina tare da mafi ƙarancin hekta 20 (200,000 m2;). Duk wani yanki [ya raba da] kasa da mita 200 [na sararin samaniya] suna da alaƙa don zama yanki guda ɗaya da aka gina.[8]

Argentina da Japan ƙasashe ne inda yawan birane ya wuce 90% yayin da Australia, Brazil, Kanada, Chile, Mexico, da Amurka ƙasashe ne waɗanda yawan birane ke tsakanin 80% da 90%, kodayake a cikin jihar New Jersey ta Amurka, yawan birane yana da 100%.[9]

Manyan birane

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Akwai matakai biyu na matakin birni na yawan jama'a. Na farko, yawan jama'a, ya bayyana kashi na yawan mutanen da ke zaune a cikin birane, kamar yadda kasar ta bayyana. Mataki na biyu, yawan birane, ya bayyana matsakaicin canjin girman yawan mutanen birane a cikin lokacin da aka ba su. Dangane da Urbanisation ta hanyar labarin mai zaman kansa, duniya gabaɗaya tana da kashi 56.2% na birane, tare da kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na ƙasashe da aka ruwaito sun fi kashi 80% na birane. An dauki bayanai daga Hukumar leken asiri ta Amurka ta Tsakiya World Factbook kimantawa daga 2020. [10]

A cewar Demographia, waɗannan su ne manyan birane 200 a duniya ta yawan jama'a (kamar yadda ya kasance a 2023):

Yankin Birni Kasar / Yankin Yawan jama'a
1 Tokyo-Yokohama Japan 37,785,000
2 Jakarta Indonesia 35,386,000
3 Delhi Indiya 31,190,000
4 Guangzhou-Foshan China 27,119,000
5 Mumbai Indiya 25,189,000
6 Manila Philippines 24,156,000
7 Shanghai China 24,042,000
8 Seoul-Incheon Koriya ta Kudu 23,225,000
9 Alkahira Misira 22,679,000
10 Birnin Mexico Mexico 21,905,000
11 Kolkata Indiya 21,747,000
12 São Paulo Brazil 21,486,000
13 Birnin New York Amurka 21,396,000
14 Karachi Pakistan 20,249,000
15 Dhaka Bangladesh 19,134,000
16 Bangkok Thailand 18,884,000
17 Beijing China 18,883,000
18 Moscow Rasha 17,878,000
19 Shenzhen China 17,778,000
20 Buenos Aires Argentina 15,748,000
21 Los Angeles Amurka 15,587,000
22 Johannesburg-Pretoria Afirka ta Kudu 15,551,000
23 Bangalore Indiya 15,257,000
24 Chengdu China 15,016,000
25 Birnin Ho Chi Minh Vietnam 14,953,000
26 Osaka-Kobe-Kyoto Japan 14,916,000
27 Legas Najeriya 14,540,000
28 Istanbul Turkiyya 14,441,000
29 Lahore Pakistan 13,504,000
30 Kinshasa Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo 13,493,000
31 Tehran Iran 13,382,000
32 Chongqing China 12,653,000
33 Rio de Janeiro Brazil 12,306,000
34 Xi'an China 12,211,000
35 Chennai Indiya 12,053,697
36 Paris Faransa 11,108,000
37 Zhengzhou China 11,068,000
38 Luanda Angola 10,914,000
39 Landan Ƙasar Ingila 10,803,000
40 Dongguan China 10,753,000
41 Lima Peru 10,556,000
42 Wuhan China 10,353,000
43 Bogota Colombia 10,252,000
44 Tianjin China 10,047,000
45 Hyderabad Indiya 9,797,000
46 Taipei Taiwan 9,662,000
47 Hangzhou China 9,618,000
48 Nagoya Japan 9,439,000
49 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 9,387,000
50 Chicago Amurka 8,954,000
51 Nanjing China 8,507,000
52 Riyadh Saudi Arabia 8,309,000
53 Shenyang-Fushun China 8,044,000
54 Ahmadabad Indiya 8,006,000
55 Dar es Salaam Tanzania 7,965,000
56 Washington-Baltimore Amurka 7,853,000
57 Boston-ProvidenceGudanarwa Amurka 7,429,000
58 Onitsha Najeriya 7,205,000
59 Bandung Indonesia 7,203,000
60 Addis Ababa Habasha 7,185,000
61 Khartoum Sudan 7,155,000
62 Santiago Chile 7,099,000
63 Dallas-Fort Worth Amurka 6,979,000
64 Nairobi Kenya 6,929,000
65 San Francisco-San Jose Amurka 6,844,000
66 Toronto Kanada 6,837,000
67 Pune Indiya 6,819,000
68 Madrid Spain 6,798,000
69 Essen-Düsseldorf Jamus 6,769,000
70 Quanzhou China 6,743,000
71 Houston Amurka 6,703,000
72 Bagadaza Iraki 6,624,000
73 Surat Indiya 6,601,000
74 Amman Jordan 6,563,000
75 Surabaya Indonesia 6,556,000
76 Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR 6,468,000
77 Yangon Myanmar 6,426,000
78 Hanoi Vietnam 6,359,000
79 Qingdao China 6,291,000
80 Miami Amurka 6,139,000
81 Suzhou China 6,091,000
82 Singapore Singapore 5,926,000
83 Filadelfia Amurka 5,795,000
84 Accra Ghana 5,785,000
85 St. Petersburg Rasha 5,750,000
86 Atlanta Amurka 5,702,000
87 Abidjan Ivory Coast 5,678,000
88 Kabul Afghanistan 5,566,000
89 Iskandariya Misira 5,552,000
90 Milan Italiya 5,471,000
91 Jiddah Saudi Arabia 5,408,000
92 Ankara Turkiyya 5,359,000
93 Faisalabad Pakistan 5,356,000
94 Barcelona Spain 5,317,000
95 Xiamen China 5,253,000
96 Ƙananan Halitta Brazil 5,242,000
97 Taiyuan China 5,067,000
98 Changsha China 5,065,000
99 Hefei China 5,052,000
100 Mashhad Iran 5,045,000
101 Kunming China 4,995,000
102 Rawalpindi-Islamabad Pakistan 4,954,000
103 Dubai Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa 4,945,000
104 Sydney Ostiraliya 4,836,000
105 Kumasi Ghana 4,794,000
106 Melbourne Ostiraliya 4,709,000
107 Kampala Uganda 4,679,000
108 Monterrey Mexico 4,674,000
109 Kano Najeriya 4,670,000
110 Lucknow Indiya 4,661,000
111 Yaounde Kamaru 4,642,000
112 Phoenix Amurka 4,617,000
113 Birnin Cape Town Afirka ta Kudu 4,595,000
114 Ürümqi China 4,548,000
115 Wuxi China 4,524,000
116 Casablanca Maroko 4,499,000
117 Fuzhou China 4,487,000
118 Guadalajara Mexico 4,401,000
119 Izmir Turkiyya 4,367,251
120 Jaipur Indiya 4,360,000
121 Kanpur Indiya 4,350,000
122 Santo Domingo Jamhuriyar Dominica 4,345,000
123 Berlin Jamus 4,286,000
124 Guiyang China 4,269,000
125 Detroit Amurka 4,258,000
126 Nanchang China 4,240,000
127 Mogadishu Somaliya 4,219,000
128 Changzhou China 4,206,000
129 Chittagong Bangladesh 4,204,000
130 Dalian China 4,177,000
131 Zhongshan China 4,113,000
132 Kuwait Kuwait 4,066,000
133 Jinan China 4,057,000
134 Medan Indonesia 4,027,000
135 Wenzhou China 4,024,000
136 Seattle Amurka 4,001,000
137 Tashkent Uzbekistan 3,935,000
138 Shijiazhuang China 3,871,000
139 Harbin China 3,869,000
140 Recife Brazil 3,866,000
141 Busan Koriya ta Kudu 3,843,000
142 Bamako Mali 3,783,000
143 Indore Indiya 3,765,000
144 Douala Kamaru 3,751,000
145 Montreal Kanada 3,750,000
146 Ibadan Najeriya 3,657,000
147 Naples Italiya 3,653,000
148 Sana Yemen 3,585,000
149 Colombo Sri Lanka 3,532,000
150 Dakar Senegal 3,510,000
151 Porto Alegre Brazil 3,504,000
152 Mbuji-Mayi Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo 3,493,000
153 Nagpur Indiya 3,493,000
154 Algiers Aljeriya 3,462,000
155 Durban Afirka ta Kudu 3,452,000
156 Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Harcourt Najeriya 3,429,000
157 Ginin Ginin Brazil 3,415,000
158 Brasília Brazil 3,406,000
159 Changchun China 3,387,000
160 Salvador Brazil 3,344,000
161 Patna Indiya 3,331,000
162 Athens Girka 3,309,000
163 Nanning China 3,249,000
164 Kathmandu Nepal 3,247,000
165 Medellin Colombia 3,242,000
166 Roma Italiya 3,239,000
167 Varanasi Indiya 3,229,000
168 Gujranwala Pakistan 3,218,000
169 Tampa-Petersburg,_Florida" id="mwBQo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="St. Petersburg, Florida">St. Petersburg Amurka 3,203,000
170 Lusaka Zambia 3,202,000
171 Guayaquil Ecuador 3,183,000
172 Ouagadougou Burkina Faso 3,181,000
173 Dimashƙu Siriya 3,155,000
174 San Diego Amurka 3,078,000
175 Orlando Amurka 3,075,000
176 Kozhikode Indiya 3,049,000
177 Kogin Brisbane na ZinariyaGold Coast Ostiraliya 3,039,000
178 Rotterdam-Hague Netherlands 3,027,000
179 Tel Aviv Isra'ila 3,006,000
180 Baku Azerbaijan 3,002,000
181 Kyiv Ukraine 3,001,000
182 Ad-Dammam Saudi Arabia 2,994,000
183 Lanzhou China 2,977,000
184 Charlotte Amurka 2,879,000
185 Curitiba Brazil 2,873,000
186 Cleveland Amurka 2,871,000
187 Birnin Brazzaville Jamhuriyar Kongo 2,860,000
188 Aleppo Siriya 2,859,000
189 Thiruvananthapuram Indiya 2,851,000
190 Lisbon Portugal 2,832,000
191 Minneapolis-St. Bulus Amurka 2,796,000
192 Yankin Brazil 2,789,000
193 Hyderabad Pakistan 2,789,000
194 Multan Pakistan 2,783,000
195 Conakry Guinea 2,781,000
196 Quito Ecuador 2,778,000
197 Zhangjiaggang China 2,770,000
198 Birnin Guatemala Guatemala 2,765,000
199 Lubumbashi Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo 2,750,000
200 Agra Indiya 2,737,000

Ma'anar

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d="mwBeM">A yi ld="mwBeU">A'akad="mwBeQ">R da Tsarin Metric na Urban (UMS) wanda zai iya gyara matsalar, [11] tunda yana ba da damar lissafin iyakokin yankin birane da maki na tsakiya, kuma ana iya amfani da shi ta wannan hanyar ga duk mutanen da suka gabata, na yanzu da na gaba da rarraba aikin. Ya dogara ne akan lissafin filin vector da aka samu ta hanyar ɗauka cewa, a cikin sararin samaniya, duk mazauna da ayyukan suna yin amfani da karfi ɗaya mai kyau A da ƙarfin ƙyama R. Ƙarfin ƙarfin (A - R) da kowane mazaunin ko aiki ke yi ana ba da shi ta [1/ (1 + d) ] - [1/ ('β' + d/2) ], inda d = nesa kuma β shine kawai siginar.

Yankin birni Tsakanin da ƙarfin jan hankali = ƙarfin ƙin yarda Darajar β
1 Birnin tsakiya Km 10 6
2 Taron jama'a 20 km 11
3 Birni 40 km 21
4 Birnin Patropolis 80 km 41
5 Birnin Megalopolis 160 km 81
6 Tsarin birni kilomita 320 161
7 Tsarin birane kilomita 640 321
8 Tsarin nahiyar Km 1,280 641
9 Tsarin Intercontinental Km 2,560 1,281
10 Tsarin duniya 5,120 km 2,561

An yi amfani da UMS ga wasu shari'o'in Kanada tun 2018, amma bayanan da aka gabatar a cikin wannan labarin har yanzu sun dogara ne akan ma'anar ƙasa daban-daban da ke akwai, waɗanda ba su da bambanci.Samfuri:Largest Urban Areas of the United KingdomEuropean countries  define urbanized areas on the basis of urban-type land use, not allowing any gaps of typically more than 200 metres (220 yd), and use satellite imagery instead of census blocks to determine the boundaries of the urban area. In less-developed countries , in addition to land use and density requirements, a requirement that a large majority of the population, typically 75%, is not engaged in agriculture and/or fishing is sometimes used.[ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2020)">citation needed</span>]

Asiya

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Gabashin Asiya

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Tun daga shekara ta 2000, biranen kasar Sin sun fadada a matsakaicin kashi 10% a kowace shekara. An kiyasta cewa yawan mutanen birane na kasar Sin zai karu da mutane miliyan 292 nan da shekarar 2050, lokacin da biranen za su sami jimillar yawan jama'a sama da biliyan daya. [12] Yawan birane na kasar ya karu daga 17.4% zuwa 46.6% tsakanin 1978 da 2009.[13] Tsakanin Ma'aikatan ƙaura miliyan 150 zuwa 200 suna aiki na ɗan lokaci a cikin manyan birane, suna komawa gida zuwa ƙauyuka lokaci-lokaci tare da kuɗin da suke samu. [14] 

Kasar Sin tana da birane da yawa tare da mazauna miliyan ɗaya ko fiye da kowane ƙasa, gami da biranen duniya guda uku na Beijing, Hong Kong, da Shanghai; nan da 2025, ƙasar za ta kasance gida ga birane 221 tare da mazaana sama da miliyan ɗaya.[12] Adadin da ke cikin teburin da ke ƙasa sun fito ne daga ƙididdigar shekara ta 2008, kuma ƙididdigat ne kawai na yawan mutanen birane a cikin iyakokin birni na gudanarwa; akwai matsayi daban-daban yayin la'akari da yawan jama'ar birni (wanda ya haɗa da yawan mutanen da ke kusa da yankunan karkara). Manyan "mutane masu iyo" na ma'aikatan ƙaura suna sa gudanar da ƙididdiga a cikin birane ya zama da wahala; adadi da ke ƙasa sun haɗa da mazauna dogon lokaci kawai.

 

Japan
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A Japan, an bayyana yankunan birane a matsayin yankunan da ke kusa da gundumomi masu yawa (DIDs) ta amfani da gundumomin ƙididdigar ƙididdiga a matsayin raka'a tare da buƙatun yawan mazauna 4,000 a kowace murabba'in kilomita (10,000 / sq .

Seoul ita ce mafi girman birni a Koriya ta Kudu.

Sydney is Australia's largest city, home to 5.3 million inhabitants.[15]

A Bangladesh, akwai jimlar birane 532, waɗanda aka raba su zuwa kashi uku. Waɗannan su ne Bangladesh" id="mwBq8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="List of City Corporations of Bangladesh">Kamfanin Birni, Kamfanin Birni (Pourasova) da Garin Upazila. Daga cikin waɗannan birane, Dhaka ita ce birni mafi girma ta yawan jama'a da yanki, tare da yawan mutane miliyan 19.10.[16] A Bangladesh, akwai jimlar kamfanoni 11 na birni da kamfanoni 329 na birni tare da Ƙananan garuruwa 203, wanda ke aiki a matsayin cibiyar Upazilas. Dangane da ƙididdigar yawan jama'a na 2011, Bangladesh tana da yawan birane na 28%, tare da ci gaban 2.8%. A wannan ci gaban, an kiyasta cewa yawan mutanen birane na Bangladesh zai kai miliyan 79 ko 42% na yawan jama'a nan da shekara ta 2035.

  Ga Ƙididdigar Indiya ta 2011, ma'anar yankin birni wuri ne da ke da mafi ƙarancin yawan mutane 5,000 na yawan mutane 400 a kowace murabba'in kilomita (1,000 / sq ko mafi girma, da kuma kashi 75% na yawan maza masu aiki da ke aiki a ayyukan da ba na noma ba. Wuraren da kamfanin birni ke gudanarwa, kwamitin cantonment ko kwamitin yankin gari da aka sanar ana ɗaukar su a matsayin yankunan birane ta atomatik.[17]

Ƙididdigar Indiya ta 2011 ta kuma bayyana kalmar "ƙungiyoyin birane" a matsayin yanki na birane wanda ya ƙunshi babban gari tare da "ƙasa" (birane masu kusa). [18]Statistics New Zealand defines urban areas in New Zealand, which are independent of any administrative subdivisions and have no legal basis.[19] There are four classes of urban area: major urban areas (population 100,000+), large urban areas (population 30,000–99,999), medium urban areas (population 10,000–29,999) and small urban areas (population 1,000–9,999). As of 2021, there are 7 major urban areas, 13 large urban areas, 22 medium urban areas and 136 small urban areas. Urban areas are reclassified after each New Zealand census, so population changes between censuses does not change an urban area's classification. Samfuri:Largest cities of New Zealand

Pakistan
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Panoramic view of Pudong's skyline from the Bund in Shanghai

A Pakistan, yanki babban birni ne da kuma karamar hukuma idan yana da mazauna sama da 100,000 bisa ga sakamakon ƙidayar jama'a. Birane sun haɗa da Pakistan)" id="mwBuA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Cantonments (Pakistan)">Yankunan da ke kusa. Birane a Pakistan ya karu tun lokacin samun 'yancin kai kuma yana da dalilai daban-daban. Yawancin mutanen kudancin Pakistan suna zaune a gefen Kogin Indus. Karachi ita ce birni mafi yawan jama'a. A arewacin rabin kasar, yawancin jama'a suna zaune a cikin wani yanki da biranen Lahore, Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Gujrat, Jhelum, Sargodha, Sheikhupura, Nowshera, Mardan da Peshawar suka kafa. A cikin 1990-2008, mazaunan birni sun kasance kashi 36% na yawan mutanen Pakistan, suna mai da shi al'umma mafi yawan birane a Kudancin Asiya. Bugu da ƙari, kashi 50% na 'yan Pakistan suna zaune a garuruwan mutane 5,000 ko fiye. Karachi ita ce birni mafi yawan jama'a a Pakistan wanda Lahore ta biyo baya bisa ga Ƙididdigar 2017.

Kudu maso gabashin Asiya

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Philippines
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A cikin 2020, kashi 54 cikin 100 na yawan mutanen Philippines suna zaune a cikin birane. Tare da kimanin mutane miliyan 16.3, Metro Manila ita ce mafi yawan jama'a a cikin Philippines kuma Na 11 a duniya. Koyaya, mafi girman birni shine na 5 mafi girma a duniya tare da yawan mutane 20,654,307 (kimanin 2010). [20]

Singapore
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  A matsayin birni na tsibirin, kusan mutane miliyan 5.6 suna rayuwa kuma suna aiki a tsakanin murabba'in kilomita 700 (270 sq mi).  Tare da tsibirai 64 da tsibirai, tsibirin Singapore ya zama yanki mafi girma a cikin birni.  A cewar Hukumar Tattalin Arziki da Zamantakewa ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya mai kula da yankin Asiya da tekun Pasifik, ƙasar ce ta fi kowacce yawan jama'a a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, inda kashi 100 na al'ummarta ke zaune a wani yanki na birni.  Hukumar raya birane (URA) ita ce ke da alhakin tsara yadda ake amfani da filaye a birane, wanda ya kebanta amfani da filaye da yawan biranen kasar[2].  An raba ƙasar zuwa yankuna 5 don dalilai na tsare-tsare ta URA, kodayake a matsayin birni na birni an ayyana Singapore a matsayin yanki mai ci gaba da ci gaba.  An kuma raba shi zuwa yankunan tsara birane 55, wanda ke aiki a matsayin iyakokin garuruwan da aka tsara a cikin kasar..[21]

Thailand
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Bangkok ita ce mafi girman birni a Thailand.

A Vietnam, akwai nau'ikan birane guda shida:

  • Yankin birane na musamman (2 municipalities): Hanoi da Ho Chi Minh City.
  • Yankin birane na nau'in I (birane 18 na lardin da kuma kananan hukumomi 3): Long Xuyên, Pleiku, My Tho, Londres Dầu, Bắc Ninh, Biên Hòa, Hai Dương, Thanh Hóa, Hạ Long, Việt Trì, Thái Nguyên, Nam Định, Vũng Tàu, Buôn Ma Thuột, Đà Lạt, Quy Nhơn, Nha Trang, Huế, Vinh, Cần Thơ, Đà Nẵng Hải Hai Phòng.
  • Yankin birane Ka Mau'i na II (birane 21 na lardin da gundumar 1): Chau Đốc, Đồng Hoi, Uông Bí, Bắc Giang, Ninh Bình, Bạc Liéu, Bà Rịa, Thái Bình, Rạch Gita, Cà Mau, Phan Rang-Tháp Chàm, Tuy Hòa, Phan Thiết, Vĩnh Yên, Lào Cai Phú Quốc Cai.
  • Yankin birane na nau'i na III (birane 31 na lardin da garuruwa 12).
  • Yankin birane na nau'in IV (birane 35 da garuruwa 35).
  • Yankin birane na nau'in V (ƙauyuka 586 da yankuna 54).

Turai

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Finland

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Greater Taipei is the largest urban area in Taiwan. Samfuri:Largest cities in Taiwan

Alamar titi a Vimpeli tana nuna farkon birni a Finland

Kamar yadda yake a wasu ƙasashen Nordic, wani yanki na birni (Finnish-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">taajama a cikin Finnish) a Finland dole ne ya sami gini aƙalla kowane 200 metres (660 ft) kuma aƙalla mutane 200. Don a dauke shi gari ko birni (kaupunki) don dalilai na kididdiga, yankuna birni dole ne ya sami akalla mutane 15,000. Wannan bai kamata a rikita shi da sunan birni / gari da kananan hukumomi ke amfani da shi ba.[22][23]Samfuri:Largest urban agglomerations in IndiaIn France, an urban area (Fr: aire d'attraction d'une ville) is a zone encompassing an area of built-up growth (called an "urban unit" (unité urbaine)[24] – close in definition to the North American urban area) and its commuter belt (couronne). Americans would find the INSEE definition of the urban area[25] to be similar to their metropolitan area.

Manyan birane a Faransa, dangane da yawan mutanen birane (2017), sune Paris (12,628,266), Lyon (2,323,221), Marseille (1,760,653), Toulouse (1,360,829), Bordeaux (1,247,977), Lille (1,191,117), Nice (1,006,201), Nantes (972,828), Strasbourg (790,087) da Rennes (733,320). [26]  

Jamus

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Jamus tana da manyan birane da yawa. Babban birni shine yankin Rhine-Ruhr (miliyan 11 a cikAs of 2008), gami da Düsseldorf (babban birnin Arewacin Rhine-Westphalia), Cologne, Bonn, Dortmund, Essen, Duisburg, da Bochum.[27] 

 

Panorama of Paris as seen from the Eiffel Tower as full 360-degree view (river flowing from north-east to south-west, right to left)

Netherlands ita ce ƙasa Na 30 mafi yawan jama'a'a a duniya, tare da mazauna 404.6 a kowace murabba'in kilomita (1,048/sq - ko mazauna 497 a kowace murab'in kilomita (1.287/sq . Randstad ita ce birni mafi girma a kasar da ke yammacin kasar kuma ta ƙunshi manyan birane huɗu: Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, da Utrecht. Randstad tana da mazauna miliyan 7 kuma ita ce Na 6 mafi girma a Turai. 

Norway

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Norway ta bayyana yankunan birane ("tettsteder") kamar sauran ƙasashen Nordic. Ba kamar a Denmark da Sweden ba, nisan tsakanin kowane gini dole ne ya zama ƙasa da 50 m, kodayake an yi banbanci saboda wuraren shakatawa, wuraren masana'antu, koguna, da makamantansu. Ƙungiyoyin gidaje ƙasa da 400 m daga babban jikin birni an haɗa su a cikin birni.[28]

Poland

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

A Poland, alkaluman yawan jama'a na "birane" kawai suna nufin waɗannan yankuna waɗanda ke da matsayin garuruwa (miasta). Al’ummar “karuyuka” ita ce ta dukkan yankunan da ke wajen iyakokin wadannan garuruwa. Wannan bambance-bambance na iya ba da ra'ayi mai ɓarna a wasu lokuta, tunda wasu ƙananan yankuna waɗanda ke da matsayin ƙauye kawai na iya samun yawan jama'a da yawa fiye da da yawa ƙananan garuruwa[1] tare da mafi girman misali na Poznań, mafi yaɗuwar yankin biranen ƙasar tare da yawan jama'ar gari. 534 dubu da Metropolitan yankin kusa da 1 miliyan mazauna. A gefe guda kuma, yankin birni na Katowice mai yawan manyan birane da matsakaita ya mamaye kilomita 1,468 kuma yana da sama da mutane miliyan 2. Yankunan birni a Poland sune manyan yankuna na birni (misali Katowice metropolitan area, Łódź metropolitan area da Szczecin metropolitan area) kuma suna da tasiri sosai akan yankunan karkara, kamar yadda yake kusa da Lublin, Radom, Kielce, Tarnów da Białystok.. 

Moscow, babban birni kuma birni mafi girma a Rasha

 

Spain

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Spain ƙasa ce mai yawan birane. Madrid ita ce mafi girman birni. Yankin Kudancin da Gabas tare da Barcelona, Valencia da Málaga sun fi zama birane fiye da Arewa da Yamma.  

Sweden" id="mwCCU" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Urban areas in Sweden">Yankunan birane a Sweden (tätorter) yankuna ne da aka ƙayyade ta ƙididdiga, gaba ɗaya masu zaman kansu daga rarrabawar gudanarwa na ƙasar. Akwai irin waɗannan yankuna 1,956 a Sweden, tare da yawan jama'a daga mazauna 200 zuwa 1,372,000.[29]

Page 'List of metropolitan areas in Brazil' not found

a cikin 2013 Ofishin Ƙididdigar Ƙasa ta Ƙasar Ingila (ONS) ya buga 2011 Gina Wuraren Gina - Hanya da Jagoranci wanda ya bayyana ma'anarsa na Wurin Gina (BUA) a matsayin yanki na ginannen fili na akalla hectare 20 (0.077 sq mi), ya rabu da sauran ƙauyuka da aƙalla mita 6200. Don ƙididdigar ƙidayar 2011 akwai gine-gine 5,493, wanda 501 an raba su zuwa yankunan Built-up Area sub-divisions (BUASD) wanda kuma akwai bayanai. Kowane yanki da aka gina ana ba shi suna algorithmically, ta amfani da bayanan sunan wurin Ordnance Survey[30]

ONS ta samar da sakamakon ƙidayar jama'a daga yankunan birane tun daga 1951, tun daga 1981 bisa ga girman ci gaban birane wanda ba za a iya juyawa ba wanda aka nuna akan taswirar Ordnance Survey. Ma'anar ita ce aƙalla hekta 20 da aƙalla mazauna ƙidayar 1,500. Yankunan da aka raba suna da alaƙa idan ƙasa da 200 m (220 yd) baya. An haɗa su da fasalulluka na sufuri. Burtaniya tana da yankuna biyar na birane tare da yawan jama'a sama da miliyan daya da kuma wasu sittin da tara tare da yawan mutane sama da dubu ɗari.

Mexico

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Mexico tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe da yawa inda yawan birane ya kai aƙalla 80%. Birnin Mexico, babban birninta, shine mafi girman birni a kasar.

Amurka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Don ƙidayar 2000 da 2010, Ofishin ƙidayar jama'a ya bambanta tsakanin nau'ikan birane biyu: yankunan birni da gungun birane.  Kalmar yankin birni tana nufin yanki na birni mai mutane 50,000 ko fiye.  Yankunan birane da ke ƙasa da mutane 50,000 ana kiransu gungu na birni.  An fara keɓance yankunan birane a Amurka a cikin ƙidayar 1950, yayin da aka ƙara gungu na birane a ƙidayar 2000.  An cire banbance tsakanin yankunan birni da gungu na birni don ƙidayar 2020.. [31]

Yankunan birane sun kunshi manyan birane, tare da yankunan da ke kewaye da su waɗanda suka cika wasu ka'idojin yawa. Tunda yankunan birane sun hada da tubalan ƙidaya ba birane ba, ƙauyuka, ko kwatankwacin ƙauyuka ba, iyakokin yankunan birni na iya kunshe da yankuna na waɗannan rukunin siyasa. Yankunan birane sun bambanta da yankunan karkara: duk wani yanki da ba wani ɓangare na yankin birni ba ana ɗaukarsa karkara ne ta Ofishin Ƙididdigar Jama'a.[31]

Babban birni a Amurka shine na Birnin New York da kewayenta. Birnin New York-Jersey City-Newark, NY-NJ birni yana da yawan mutane 19,426,449 tun daga shekarar 2020, yayin da babban birni yana le yawan mutane 20,140,470, kuma jimillar yankin yana da yawan jama'a 23,582,649. Yankunan birane guda biyar mafi girma a Amurka sune Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami, Houston, da Dallas.[32] Kashi 80.0 na yawan jama'ar Amurka suna zaune a cikin iyakokin birni kamar yadda kididdigar 2020 ta kasance.[33]

Ana amfani da manufar yankunan Birane kamar yadda hukumar kidayar jama'a ta Amurka ta ayyana a matsayin ma'auni mafi inganci na girman birni, tun da a garuruwa daban-daban da kuma fadin layukan da ke tsakanin iyakokin birni da yankin birni na wancan birni galibi ba iri daya bane. Alal misali, birnin Greenville, South Carolina yana da yawan jama'a fiye da 68,000 da yawan jama'a na birni na kusan 400,000, yayin da Greensboro, North Carolina yana da yawan jama'a fiye da 285,000 da kuma yanki na birni na kusan 300,000 - ma'ana cewa Greenville shine ainihin "ya fi girma" don wasu dalilai, amma ba na gida ba, zabe, da dai sauransu.

A cikin kididdigar albarkatun albarkatun kasa na Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka, an san yankunan birane a hukumance da yankunan da suka ci gaba ko yankunan birni da ginannun wurare. Irin wadannan yankuna sun hada da birane, kauyukan kabilanci, da sauran gine-ginen da aka gina sama da hekta 10 (4), wuraren masana'antu, filin jirgin kasa, makabarta, filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama, wuraren wasan golf, wuraren harbi, wuraren gudanar da hukumomi da na gwamnati, da makamantansu. Kididdigar albarkatun kasa ta 1997 ta sanya sama da ac 98,000,000 (40,000,000 ha) a cikin wannan rukunin, karuwar 25,000,000 ac (10,000,000 ha) tun daga 1982.00 ha).

The Australian Bureau of Statistics refers to urban areas as Urban Centres, which it generally defines as population clusters of 1,000 or more people.[34] Australia is one of the most urbanised countries in the world, with more than 50% of the population residing in Australia's three biggest urban centres.[ana buƙatar hujja][<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2021)">citation needed</span>][34]

Kudancin Amurka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Argentina

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Argentina tana da birane sosai.[35] Yankunan birane goma mafi girma suna da rabin yawan jama'a, kuma kasa da ɗaya cikin goma suna zaune a yankunan karkara. Kimanin mutane miliyan 3 suna zaune a Birnin Buenos Aires kuma Babban Birnin Buenos Air ya kai kusan miliyan 15, yana mai da shi ɗayan manyan birane a duniya, tare da yawan mutane miliyan 18 duka.[36]

Córdoba tana da kusan mutane miliyan 1.5 da ke zaune a cikin birane, yayin da Rosario, Mendoza da Tucumán suna da kusan mazauna miliyan 1.2 kowannensu [36] kuma La Plata, Mar del Plata, Salta da Santa Fe [37] suna da akalla mutane 500,000 kowannensu.

Manazarta

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
  1. ↑ Also known as a built-up area or urban agglomeration.
Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found
  1. ↑ "United Nations Population Division – Department of Economic and Social Affairs".
  2. ↑ "Urban population growth". World Health Organization. Archived from the original on March 8, 2012.
  3. ↑ "How Much of the World is Covered by Cities?". Newgeography.com. October 30, 2024. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
  4. ↑ Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max (February 16, 2024). "Land Use". Our World in Data. Retrieved October 30, 2024.
  5. ↑ "Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change". www.ipcc.ch (in Turanci). Retrieved 2022-04-04.
  6. ↑ Dijkstra, Lewis; Poelman, Hugo (2014). "A harmonised definition of cities and rural areas: the new degree of urbanisation" (PDF). Regional Working Paper. Europa Commission. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  7. ↑ "Urban land area (km²)". Our World in Data. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
  8. ↑ "2011 Census: Characteristics of Built-Up Areas (4. Introduction)". Office for National Statistics. 28 June 2013. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  9. ↑ Ritchie, Hannah; Samborska, Veronika; Roser, Max (2024-02-23). "Urbanization". Our World in Data.
  10. ↑ "World Factbook Urbanization". Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  11. ↑ Tellier, Luc-Normand; Quesnel, Frédéric; Bur, Justin (November 2024). "Estimating urban sprawl standards by means of the Urban Metric System". Regional Science Policy and Planning.
  12. 1 2 "Preparing for China's urban billion". McKinsey Global Institute. February 2009. Archived from the original on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  13. ↑ "China urbanization (PDF)" (PDF). World Bank Institute. 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2012.
  14. ↑ Tschang, Chi-Chu (4 February 2009). "A Tough New Year for China's Migrant Workers". Business Week. Archived from the original on February 8, 2009. Retrieved 27 March 2009.
  15. ↑ "3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2019–20". Australian Bureau of Statistics. 30 March 2021. Archived from the original on 30 March 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  16. ↑ "Bangladesh Population & Housing Census-2011" (PDF). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. March 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 December 2015.
  17. ↑ "Provisional Population Totals Urban Agglomerations and Cities, Data Highlights" (PDF). Census of India 2011. 13 February 2012.
  18. ↑ "Urban Agglomeration". Arthapedia (in Turanci). India Economic Service. 10 April 2015. Archived from the original on 12 August 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2025.
  19. ↑ "Urban area: Definition". Statistics New Zealand. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  20. ↑ "World: metropolitan areas". World Gazetteer. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
  21. ↑ "Urban Redevelopment Authourity". Archived from the original on 2007-06-12. Retrieved 2007-06-02.
  22. ↑ "Locality – Concepts". Statistics Finland.
  23. ↑ "Alueluokkien kuvaukset". Ymparisto.
  24. ↑ "Urban unit". Definitions, methods and quality (in Turanci). INSEE. October 31, 2016. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  25. ↑ "Urban area". Definitions, methods and quality (in Turanci). INSEE. October 31, 2016. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  26. ↑ "Tableaux de l'économie française, Édition 2020, Villes et communes de France". INSEE. Retrieved 11 December 2020.
  27. ↑ "Verdichtungsräume nach Fläche, Bevölkerung und Bevölkerungsdichte am 31.12.2017, im November 2018 wegen korrigierter Bevölkerung revidiert" (in Jamusanci). Statistisches Bundesamt. 2017. p. 10. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  28. ↑ "Population statistics. Population and land area in urban settlements, 1 January 2008". Statistics Norway. June 20, 2008. Retrieved 2009-04-17.
  29. ↑ "Fortsatt stor ökning av befolkning i tätorter". Statistics Sweden. Archived from the original on 2012-01-12. Retrieved 2011-06-24.
  30. ↑ ONS Geography (August 2015). "2011 Built-up Areas – Methodology and Guidance". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 13 September 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
  31. 1 2 United States Census Bureau (March 24, 2022). "Urban Area Criteria for the 2020 Census-Final Criteria". Federal Register.
  32. ↑ "List of 2020 Census Urban Areas". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 30, 2022.
  33. ↑ "Nation's Urban and Rural Populations Shift Following 2020 Census". census.gov. United States Census Bureau. December 29, 2022.
  34. 1 2 "Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS)". 23 May 2011. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  35. ↑ "Field listing – Urbanization". The World Factbook. CIA. Archived from the original on July 25, 2009.
  36. 1 2 "Major Cities". Government of Argentina. Archived from the original on 19 September 2009.
  37. ↑ "Ubicación de la ciudad de salta" (in Sifaniyanci). Directorate-General of Tourism, Municipality of the City of Salta. Archived from the original on 2010-01-17.
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