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Yankin daji na Oregon

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Yankin daji na Oregon
US Wilderness Area (en) Fassara
Bayanai
Farawa 2009
Sunan hukuma Oregon Badlands Wilderness
IUCN protected areas category (en) Fassara IUCN category Ib: Wilderness Area (en) Fassara
Ƙasa Tarayyar Amurka
Significant place (en) Fassara Bend (en) Fassara
Wuri
Map
 44°00′N 121°02′W / 44°N 121.04°W / 44; -121.04
Ƴantacciyar ƙasaTarayyar Amurka
Jihar Tarayyar AmurikaOregon
County of Oregon (en) FassaraDeschutes County (en) Fassara

Yankin Oregon Badlands Wilderness yanki ne na jeji mai girman kadada 29,301 (11,858 wanda ke gabashin Bend a cikin yankunan Deschutes da Crook a cikin jihar Oregon ta Amurka. Ofishin Gudanar da Kasa ne ke kula da jeji a matsayin wani ɓangare na Tsarin Kula da Yanayi na Kasa kuma an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar Dokar Gudanar da Yankin Jama'a ta 2009, wanda Shugaba Barack Obama ya sanya hannu a cikin doka a ranar 30 ga Maris 2009.

An san yankin da gine-ginen dutse mai kama da gidan wuta, ƙasa mai tsananin gaske, itatuwan Juniper na dā, sagebrush, da ƙasa mai zurfi. Ana iya samun furanni na hamada, kogin kogi mai bushe, da hotuna 'yan asalin Amurka.[1] Makaho mai tsere na iditarod Rachel Scdoris ta horar da ita a yankin, kuma jeji yana gida ga ƙarshen yammacin Oregon Desert Trail.[2][3]

Ilimin ƙasa

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Jeji yana kan tsaunukan hamada kuma yana da alaƙa da garkuwar dutsen wuta ba tare da tushe ba.[4][5] Wannan garkuwar dutsen mai faɗin kilomita 10 zuwa 12 (6.2 zuwa 7.5 ta ba da laka daga iska mara tushe.[4] hawan dutse ya kasance kimanin shekaru 80,000 kuma ya fito ne daga babban iska zuwa gangaren Newberry Volcano. [4] [6] Wannan babban iska yana kusa da Lava Top Butte kuma lava da ya fito daga wannan iska ya yi tafiya ta hanyar Arnold Lava Tube System don isa wurin da Badlands ke yanzu.[4] Wani rami mai siffar da ba daidai ba a saman garkuwar yana nuna shafin inda laka ke gudana a kowane bangare don ƙirƙirar Badlands. Ruwan dutse ya yi aiki a matsayin hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su a wasu lokuta kuma an tabbatar da su a saman ta hanyar Tumals, wanda aka fi sani da matsin lamba.[5][7] Ƙasa a cikin Badlands galibi an kafa ta ne daga toka da ke da alaƙa da fashewar Dutsen Mazama kimanin shekaru 7,700 da suka gabata.[8][9]

Yana da arewa maso yammacin yankin Arewacin Basin da Range, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin Pluvial Lake Basin, kuma yana da halaye da yawa na Great Basin.

Muhalli

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Gwargwadon zinariya

Shuke-shuke na asali a cikin Oregon Badlands Wilderness sun saba da kasa da inci 12 (30 na ruwan sama na shekara-shekara. Yammacin Juniper na iya rayuwa sama da shekaru 1,000 a yankin. Itacen da ya fi tsufa a Oregon - an kiyasta ya wuce shekaru 1,600 - yana girma kusa da jeji.

Sauran tsire-tsire na yau da kullun da aka samo a cikin hamadar Badlands sun haɗa da babban sagebrush, rabbitbrush, da kuma bunchgrasses daban-daban, gami da Idaho fescue da bluebunch alkama. A cikin bazara, yankin yana fure tare da furanni iri-iri, gami da Oregon sunshine, dwarf monkeyflower, sulfur buckwheat, Indian paintbrush, da mariposa lily.

Yankin jeji yana da nau'o'in namun daji, gami da jackrabbit mai baki, mule deer, elk, pronghorn, cottontail rabbit, Coyote, jemagu da nau'ikan lizard guda shida. Fiye da nau'ikan tsuntsaye 100 suna zaune a yankin, gami da gaggafa mai zinariya, sage grouse, da prairie falcon.

Gudanarwa da kulawa

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Dubi tare da Flatiron Trail, Oregon Badlands Wilderness, Janairu 30, 2017. Hoton Greg Shine, BLM.

Ofishin Gudanar da Kasa ne ke gudanar da hamadar Oregon Badlands, [10] kuma tana cikin Gundumar Prineville ta hukumar. [11] Kafin ƙaddamar da jeji, BLM Liaison na Gundumar Prineville ya haɗu da masu sa kai na waje don haɓaka ayyukan gyara na jiki. Wadannan masu sa kai daga baya sun kafa su a matsayin Abokai na Oregon Badlands Wilderness bayan sun ba da gudummawa sama da sa'o'i 1,200 na aiki taswirar yankin, gyara hanyoyi, shigar da kiosks da alamomi, da kuma cire tsohuwar shinge wanda ya kasance haɗari ga namun daji.[12] Ya zuwa shekara ta 2010, Abokan Oregon Badlands Wilderness sun yi amfani da kayan aikin kafofin sada zumunta don shirya mazauna yankin Bend sama da 200 don aiwatar da waɗannan ayyukan.[13]

A cikin shekara ta 2010, BLM ta amince da ritaya na izinin kiwo da ake kira Lynch Allotment, wanda ya ba da damar kiwo a kan 2,971 acres (1,202 ha) da ke kusa da jeji. Yankin yana daga cikin yankin da ake kira Juniper Woodlands Special Management Area, kuma yana dauke da tsohuwar juniper gida ga deer da elk. Gidauniyar Yankin Yankin Yammacin Oregon ta biya darajar izinin, kusan $ 10,000, don biyan diyya ga mai kiwon da ya yi kiwo a baya. Masu mallakar ƙasa da ke kusa da su da kuma Hukumar Deschutes County sun goyi bayan wannan matakin. Saboda izinin kiwo yana da iyakantaccen buƙata kuma ya gabatar da manyan rikice-rikicen zamantakewa da muhalli, Shirin Gudanar da albarkatun Upper Deschutes [14] bai buƙaci BLM don fara tsarin ritaya mai nauyi ba. A cewar ONDA, rikice-rikice tare da masu hawan dutse da mahayan dawakai sun ba da gudummawa ga sha'awar ranchers na ritaya daga izinin.[15]

Gundumar Prineville ta Ofishin Gudanar da Kasa a halin yanzu tana haɓaka shirin gudanarwa don yankin. An yi niyyar shirin ne don samar da jagora don "tsaron da inganta dabi'un jeji yayin da yake ba da dama ga kaɗaici da nishaɗi na asali, da kuma sarrafa sauran amfani da ƙasa da ayyukan".[16]

Sunan hamada

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BLM ta sanya Oregon Badlands a matsayin yankin binciken jeji a cikin 1980, [17] kuma ta ba da shawarar sanya sunan jeji na tarayya don Oregon Badlands. [18] Kodayake akwai shahararren goyon baya na gida don matsayin jeji a cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, batutuwan da suka shafi haƙƙin kiwo da kuma damar motar da ba ta da hanya (OHV) sun kasance batutuwa ne na jayayya.[19]

Kungiyar Oregon Cattleman da wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke da alaƙa da samun damar shiga hanya ga OHVs sun yi adawa da sunan Wilderness.[20] Daga cikin kungiyoyin da suka goyi bayan ƙaddamar da jeji sun kasance Oregon Natural Desert Association (ONDA), kwamishinonin birni na Bend, da kuma wani rancher mai suna Ray Clarno, wanda ke da izinin kiwo a cikin yankin jeji da aka tsara. Clarno, yana zargin cewa mahayan da ba su da hanya sun yanke shinge kuma sun bar ƙofofin shanu a buɗe, sun yi alkawarin yin ritaya daga haƙƙin kiwo idan an hana OHV daga yankin. Ya bi wannan alkawarin a shekara ta 2005, lokacin da BLM ta haramta OHVs daga Badlands.[17] ONDA ta kiyasta farashin sayen izinin kiwo daga jimlar makiyaya hudu da abin ya shafa a kusan $ 100,000.[20]

Dokar da aka gabatar da ita da ta ƙarshe da ke nuna yankin jeji sun haɗa da tanadi don musayar ƙasa tsakanin masu zaman kansu da masu mallakar jama'a. Gundumar Ruwa ta Tsakiya ta Oregon, wacce ta kasance tsaka-tsaki a kan batun jeji kanta, ta goyi bayan dokar da aka gabatar saboda za ta amfana daga musayar ƙasa.[20]

Ya zuwa 1999, Sanata na Oregon Ron Wyden ya goyi bayan ƙaddamar da jeji, kuma Sanata na Oregón Gordon H. Smith ya yi adawa da shi.[20] Saboda kwamishinonin Deschutes County ba su yarda da sunan hamada ba, Hukumar Deschutes ta ƙarshe ba ta dauki matsayi na hukuma a kan batun ba.[21][22] Hukumar County ta sami tsokaci 1,572 a kan batun, tare da kashi 75% daga cikinsu suna goyon bayan sunan hamada.[22]

Zaben mazauna Deschutes County da aka gudanar a 2002 da 2004 ya nuna karuwar goyon baya ga ƙaddamar da hamada. A cikin zaben 2004, kashi 57% na masu amsa sun goyi bayan kirkirar yankin jeji, kuma kashi 28% sun yi adawa.[19] An ba da izinin hamada a hukumance a ranar 30 ga Maris 2009, tare da wucewar Dokar Gudanar da Kasa ta Jama'a ta 2009.

Manazarta

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  1. ↑ "Badlands Proposed Wilderness". Oregon Natural Desert Association. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2008.
  2. ↑ "Wyden announces wilderness legislation for Badlands in Deschutes County". Press Release of Senator Wyden. U.S. Senate newsroom. 27 May 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2008.
  3. ↑ "Across the Oregon Desert Trail". Oregon Natural Desert Association. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Donnelly-Nolan, Julie M. (2004). "Magnetic Excursion Recorded in Basalt at Newberry Volcano, Central Oregon". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 2004, abstract: GP43B–0861. Bibcode:2004AGUFMGP43B0861C.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 "Deschutes & Ochoco National Forests". Retrieved 18 August 2009.
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named onda
  7. ↑ "Oregon High Desert Grotto". Skeels. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
  8. ↑ C. M. Zdanowicz; Zielinski, G. A.; Germani, M. S. (July 1999). "Mount Mazama eruption; calendrical age verified and atmospheric impact assessed". Geology. 27 (7): 621–624. Bibcode:1999Geo....27..621Z. doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0621:MMECAV>2.3.CO;2. Retrieved 15 November 2013. Geochemical identification of Mount Mazama ash in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core gives a calendrical age of 7627 ± 150 cal yr B.P. (5677 ± 150 B.C.) for the eruption, thus providing a more accurate early Holocene stratigraphic time line than previously available.
  9. ↑ "Badlands Wilderness Study Area Map and Guide" (PDF). Oregon BLM. 8 March 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 January 2009.
  10. ↑ "Wyden announces wilderness legislation for Badlands in Deschutes County". Press Release of Senator Wyden. U.S. Senate newsroom. 27 May 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2008.
  11. ↑ "Oregon Badlands Wilderness, Prineville District, OR". Bureau of Land Management. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  12. ↑ "Friends of the Oregon Badlands Wilderness (aka The Fobbits) and Gavin Hoban: Landscape Stewardship Certificate of Appreciation for 2009". The Public Lands Foundation. Archived from the original on 27 November 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  13. ↑ Eidson, Lisa (April 2010). "Social Media in Wilderness Stewardship" (PDF). International Journal of Wilderness. 16 (1): 33–36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  14. ↑ "Upper Deschutes Resource Management Plan". BLM. September 2005. Archived from the original on 4 October 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2013.
  15. ↑ "Livestock Grazing Retired on 3,000 acres near the Oregon Badlands". Oregon Natural Desert Association. 28 September 2010. Archived from the original on 21 December 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2013.
  16. ↑ "Oregon Badlands Wilderness Management Plan: Public Meeting Notice and Request for Comments" (PDF). Bureau of Land Management. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 "Evolution of the Badlands, a Recipe for Success". Cascade Business News. 16 October 2008.
  18. ↑ Schechtel, Scott (February 2001). "Oregon's Badlands: Only The Lonely". Backpacker Magazine. Archived from the original on 14 April 2009. Retrieved 13 May 2013.
  19. ↑ 19.0 19.1 "Badlands wilderness backers cite poll support". Bend Bugle News. 14 May 2004. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 13 May 2013.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Odell, Rachel (28 April 2002). "The Badlands Wilderness preservation puzzle involves multiple parties". The Bulletin. Archived from the original on 30 March 2003.
  21. ↑ Tom DeWolf, Chair, Deschutes County Commission (30 March 2005). "Deschutes County Commissioner DeWolf supports Badlands Wilderness". Retrieved 10 July 2008.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 Barker, Chris (31 March 2005). "County takes no position on Badlands". The Bulletin.
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