Yankunan Italiya

Yankunan Italiya
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	administrative territorial entity of Italy (en) , first-level administrative division (en) , administrative region (en) , statutory corporation (en) da NUTS 2 statistical territorial entity (en)
Ƙasa	Italiya
Office held by head of government (en)	president of Italian region (en)
Gangar majalisa	regional council (en)
Next lower rank (en)	province of Italy (en)
Nada jerin	list of regions of Italy (en)
Wuri

yankuna (Italian; sing. regione) sune yankuna na farko na Jamhuriyar Italiya, wanda ya zama matakin gudanarwa na NUTS na biyu.^[1] Akwai yankuna ashirin, biyar daga cikinsu yankuna ne masu cin gashin kansu tare da matsayi na musamman. A karkashin Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Italiya, kowane yanki yanki ne mai cin gashin kansa tare da ƙayyadaddun iko. Baya ga Kwarin Aosta (tun daga 1945), kowane yanki ya kasu kashi da yawa.

Tarihi

A lokacin Masarautar Italiya, yankuna sun kasance gundumomi ne kawai na kididdiga na jihar ta tsakiya. A karkashin Jamhuriyar, an ba su wani ma'auni na 'yancin kai na siyasa ta tsarin mulkin Italiya na 1948. Jerin daftarin asali ya ƙunshi yankin Salento (wanda a ƙarshe aka haɗa shi cikin Apulia); Friuli da Venezia Giulia yankuna ne daban, kuma ana kiran Basilicata Lucania. An bayyana Abruzzo da Molise a matsayin yankuna daban-daban a cikin daftarin farko, amma daga baya aka hade su zuwa Abruzzi e Molise a cikin kundin tsarin mulki na karshe na 1948, kafin a raba su a 1963.

An jinkirta aiwatar da ikon cin gashin kai na yanki har zuwa zaben yanki na farko na 1970. Jam'iyyar Demokradiyyar Kirista mai mulki ba ta son Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Italiya ta sami iko a yankunan da ta samo asali a tarihi (ja belin Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Umbria da Marches).

Yankuna sun sami babban matakin cin gashin kansu biyo bayan sake fasalin tsarin mulki a shekara ta 2001 (wanda gwamnatin tsakiya ta kawo kuma jama'ar raba gardama ta tabbatar da su), wanda ya basu cancantar manufofin siyasa. Jam'iyyar Lega Nord mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ce ta gabatar da wani sake fasalin tsarin tarayya sannan a shekara ta 2005, gwamnatin tsakiya karkashin jagorancin Silvio Berlusconi ta ba da shawarar sake fasalin da zai kara karfin yankuna..

Shawarwarin, wanda aka haɗa shi musamman da Lega Nord, kuma wasu suna ganin yana jagorantar hanyar zuwa jihar tarayya, an ƙi su a cikin raba gardama na kundin tsarin mulki na Italiya na 2006 da kashi 61.7% "a'a" zuwa 38.3% "yes". Sakamakon ya bambanta sosai tsakanin yankuna, daga 55.3% a cikin ni'ima a Veneto zuwa 82% a kan Calabria.^[2]

7Gudanar da siyasa

Yankuna

Fadar	Sunan yankin Italiyanci (idan ya bambanta) Sunan Italiyanci (idan ya bambanta)	Matsayi	Yawan jama'a Janairu 2023		Yankin		2" href="./Population_density" id="mwbw" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Population density">Pop. yawan jama'a (p/km2)	HDI 2022^[3]	Babban Birni	Shugaban kasa		Adadin tarayya	Tabbacin. ormetrop. birane
Fadar		Matsayi	Adadin	%	km²	%		HDI 2022^[3]	Babban Birni	Shugaban kasa		Adadin tarayya	Tabbacin. ormetrop. birane
	Abruzzo	Al'ada	1,307,000	2.16%	10,832 square kilometres (4,182 sq mi)	3.59%	118	0.889	Aquila		Marco Marsilio 'Yan'uwa na Italiya	305	4
	Aosta ValleyValle d'Aosta/Valle d"Aosta Kwarin Aosta	Mai cin gashin kansa	143,000	0.21%	3,261 square kilometres (1,259 sq mi)	1.08%	38	0.887	Aosta		Renzo Testolin Ƙungiyar Valdostan	74	1
	Apulia Puglia	Al'ada	3,945,000	6.63%	19,541 square kilometres (7,545 sq mi)	6.48%	200	0.854	Bari		Michele Emiliano Jam'iyyar Democrat	257	6
	Basilicata	Al'ada	559,000	0.92%	10,073 square kilometres (3,889 sq mi)	3.34%	54	0.862	Ƙarfin Ƙarfin		Vito Bardi Forza Italia	131	2
	Calabria	Al'ada	1,870,000	3.13%	15,222 square kilometres (5,877 sq mi)	5.04%	121	0.845	Catanzaro		Roberto Occhiuto Forza Italia	404	5
	Kamfen	Al'ada	5,615,000	9.48%	13,671 square kilometres (5,278 sq mi)	4.53%	409	0.854	Naples		Vincenzo De Luca Jam'iyyar Democrat	550	5
	Emilia da Roma	Al'ada	4,452,000	7.51%	22,453 square kilometres (8,669 sq mi)	7.44%	197	0.921	Bologna		Michele De Pascale Jam'iyyar Democrat	330	9
	Friuli-Venezia Giulia Furlanija-Julijska Krajina/Friûl-Vignesie Julie/Friaul-Julisch Venetien	Mai cin gashin kansa	1,219,000	2.03%	7,924 square kilometres (3,059 sq mi)	2.63%	151	0.903	Trieste		Massimiliano Fedriga Ƙungiyar	215	4
	Lazio	Al'ada	5,745,000	9.69%	17,232 square kilometres (6,653 sq mi)	5.71%	332	0.914	Roma		Francesco Rocca Mai zaman kansa	378	5
	Liguria	Al'ada	1,535,000	2.56%	5,416 square kilometres (2,091 sq mi)	1.79%	278	0.898	Genoa		Marco Bucci Mai zaman kansa	234	4
	Lombardy Lombardy	Al'ada	10,342,000	16.89%	23,864 square kilometres (9,214 sq mi)	7.91%	418	0.912	Milan		Attilio Fontana Ƙungiyar	1,506	12
	Tafiya	Al'ada	1,524,000	2.53%	9,401 square kilometres (3,630 sq mi)	3.12%	158	0.901	Ancona		Francesco Acquaroli 'Yan'uwa na Italiya	225	5
	Molise	Al'ada	324,000	0.49%	4,461 square kilometres (1,722 sq mi)	1.48%	65	0.872	Campobasso		Francesco Roberti Forza Italia	136	2
	Piedmont Piemonte	Al'ada	4,302,000	7.21%	25,387 square kilometres (9,802 sq mi)	8.41%	168	0.898	Turin		Alberto Cirio Forza Italia	1,181	8
	Sardinia Sardegna	Mai cin gashin kansa	1,604,000	2.68%	24,100 square kilometres (9,300 sq mi)	7.99%	66	0.868	Cagliari		Alessandra Todde Motsi na Taurari biyar	377	5
	Sicily Sicily	Mai cin gashin kansa	4,825,000	8.14%	25,832 square kilometres (9,974 sq mi)	8.56%	186	0.845	Palermo		Renato Schifani Forza Italia	391	9
	Trentino-Kudancin Tyrol Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol	Mai cin gashin kansa	1,111,000	1.83%	13,606 square kilometres (5,253 sq mi)	4.51%	79	Trentino: 0.920	Trento		Arno Kompatscher Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Kudancin Tyrolean	282	2
	Trentino-Kudancin Tyrol Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol	Mai cin gashin kansa	1,111,000	1.83%	13,606 square kilometres (5,253 sq mi)	4.51%	79	Kudancin Tyrol: 0.910	Trento		Arno Kompatscher Jam'iyyar Jama'ar Kudancin Tyrolean	282	2
	Tuscany Tuscany	Al'ada	3,698,000	6.23%	22,987 square kilometres (8,875 sq mi)	7.62%	160	0.907	Florence		Eugenio Giani Jam'iyyar Democrat	273	10
	Umbria	Al'ada	930,000	1.46%	8,464 square kilometres (3,268 sq mi)	2.81%	102	0.897	Perugia		Stefania Proietti Mai zaman kansa	92	2
	Veneto	Al'ada	4,883,000	8.23%	18,345 square kilometres (7,083 sq mi)	5.97%	265	0.900	Venice		Luca Zaia Ƙungiyar	563	7
	Italiya Italiya	-	59,933,000	100.00%	302,068.26 square kilometres (116,629.21 sq mi)	100.00%	195	0.892	Roma		Sergio Mattarella Mai zaman kansa	7,904	107

Manyan yankuna

Macroregions sune NUTS na farko na Tarayyar Turai. (shi) ^[4]

Taswirar	Macroregion Sunan Italiyanci	Yankuna	Babban birni	Yawan jama'a Janairu 2022		Yankin (km²)		Yawan jama'a<br id="mwAwM"> (km²)	'Yan majalisa
Taswirar	Macroregion Sunan Italiyanci	Yankuna	Babban birni	Adadin	%	km²	%	Yawan jama'a<br id="mwAwM"> (km²)	'Yan majalisa
	Cibiyar Cibiyar	Lazio Tafiya Tuscany Umbria	Roma	11,740,836	19.91%	58,085 square kilometres (22,427 sq mi)	19.23%	202	15
	Arewa maso Yamma Arewa-Ovest	Kwarin Aosta Liguria Lombardy Piedmont	Milan	15,848,100	26.87%	57,928 square kilometres (22,366 sq mi)	19.18%	274	20
	Arewa maso gabas Arewa maso Gabas	Emilia da Roma Friuli-Venezia Giulia Trentino-Kudancin Tyrol Veneto	Bologna	11,561,676	19.60%	62,003 square kilometres (23,939 sq mi)	20.63%	186	15
	Kudancin Kudancin	Abruzzo Apulia Basilicata Calabria Kamfen Molise	Naples	13,451,861	22.81%	73,800 square kilometres (28,500 sq mi)	24.43%	182	18
	Tsibirin Isole or Insulare (adj)	Sardinia Sicily	Palermo	6,380,649	10.82%	49,932 square kilometres (19,279 sq mi)	16.53%	128	8

Matsayi

Kowane yanki yana da doka da ke aiki a matsayin kundin tsarin mulki na yanki, wanda ke ƙayyade nau'in gwamnati da ka'idojin kungiyar da kuma aikin yankin, kamar yadda Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Italiya ya tsara (Mataki na 123). Kodayake duk yankuna sai dai Tuscany sun bayyana kansu a hanyoyi daban-daban a matsayin "Yankin mai cin gashin kansa" a cikin labarin farko na Dokokin su, ^[5] yankuna goma sha biyar suna da dokoki na yau da kullun kuma biyar suna da Dokoki na musamman, suna ba su ikon cin gashin kansu.

Yankunan da ke da doka ta yau da kullun

Wadannan yankuna, wadanda majalisun yankunansu suka amince da dokokinsu, an kirkiresu ne a shekarar 1970, duk da cewa Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Italiya ya samo asali ne daga shekarar 1948. Tun bayan sake fasalin kundin tsarin mulki na shekara ta 2001 suna da sauran ikon majalisa: yankuna suna da ikon majalisa na musamman dangane da duk wani al'amari da ba a tanada shi ba ga dokar jihar (Mataki na 117). ^[6] Duk da haka ikon cin gashin kansu na kudi yana da kyau: suna riƙe da kashi 20% kawai na duk harajin da aka karɓa, galibi ana amfani da su don tallafawa Tsarin kiwon lafiya na yankin.

Yankunan da ke da ikon cin gashin kansu tare da doka ta musamman

Mataki na 116 na Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Italiya ya ba da mulkin gida ga yankuna biyar: kwarin Aosta, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Sardinia, Sicily, da Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, yana ba su damar wasu 'yan majalisa, gudanarwa da ikon kuɗi zuwa wani nau'i daban-daban, dangane da ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idarsu. Waɗannan yankuna sun zama masu cin gashin kansu don yin la'akari da bambance-bambancen al'adu da kuma kare tsirarun harsuna. Bugu da ƙari, gwamnati ta so ta hana su yiwuwar ballewa ko kuma a ɗauke su daga Italiya bayan shan kaye a yakin duniya na biyu.

Cibiyoyin

Kowane yanki yana da zaɓaɓɓen majalisa, mai suna Consiglio Regionale (majalisar yanki), ko Assemblea Regionale (majalisar yanki) a Sicily, da gwamnati mai suna Giunta Regionale (kwamitin yanki), wanda gwamna mai suna Presidente della Giunta Regionale (shugaban kwamitin yankin) ko Presidente della Regione (shugaban yankin). 'Yan kasar na kowane yanki ne ke zabar na karshen kai tsaye, ban da Aosta Valley da Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol inda majalisar yankin ke zaben shugaban kasa.

A karkashin dokar zabe ta 1995, hadin gwiwar da ta ci nasara ta sami mafi yawan kujeru a majalisar. Shugaban kasa yana jagorantar giunta, kuma yana zabar ko korar mambobinta, wanda ake kira assessori. Idan shugaban da aka zaba kai tsaye ya yi murabus, ana kiran sabon zabe nan take.

A cikin yankin Trentino-Alto Adige / Sudtirol, majalisar yanki ta ƙunshi zaman hadin gwiwa na majalisun larduna biyu na Trentino da na Kudancin Tyrol. Shugaban yankin yana daya daga cikin kwamishinonin lardin guda biyu.

Wakilin Majalisar Dattawa

Mataki na 57 na Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Italiya da farko ya kafa cewa za a zabi Majalisar Dattijai ta Jamhuriyar a kan yanki ta 'yan ƙasar Italiya masu shekaru 25 ko sama da haka (ba kamar Majalisar Wakilai ba, wanda aka zaba a kan ƙasa da kuma dukkan' yan ƙasar Italiya da suka kai shekaru 18 ko sama da kai). Babu wani yanki da zai iya samun kasa da sanatoci 7, sai dai ga ƙananan yankuna biyu: Aosta Valley (1 sanata) da Molise (2 sanatoci). Daga 2006 zuwa 2020, 6 daga cikin sanatoci 315 (da 12 daga cikin wakilai 630) 'yan Italiya da ke zaune a kasashen waje ne suka zaba su.

Bayan an zartar da gyare-gyare biyu na kundin tsarin mulki bi da bi a cikin 2020 (ta hanyar raba gardama na kundin tsarin mulkin) da 2021, duk da haka, an sami canje-canje. Har yanzu ana zabar Majalisar Dattijai a kan yanki, amma an rage yawan sanatoci daga 315 zuwa 200, waɗanda yanzu duk 'yan ƙasa masu shekaru 18 ko sama da haka ne suka zaba, kamar wakilai (suna raguwa daga 630 zuwa 400). Italiyanci da ke zaune a kasashen waje yanzu suna zabar sanatoci 4 (da wakilai 8).

Sauran sanatoci 196 an sanya su a kowane yanki gwargwadon yawan jama'arsu. Mataki na 57 da aka gyara na Kundin Tsarin Mulki ya ba da cewa babu wani yanki da zai iya samun ƙasa da sanatoci 3 da ke wakiltar shi, ban da Aosta Valley da Molise, waɗanda suka riƙe sanatoci 1 da 2 bi da bi.

Yankin	Kujerun zama	Yankin	Kujerun zama	Yankin	Kujerun zama
Italiya	4	Italiya	4	Italiya	5
Italiya	1	Italiya	18	Italiya	16
Italiya	13	Italiya	5	Italiya	6
Italiya	3	Italiya	31	Italiya	12
Italiya	6	Italiya	5	Italiya	3
Italiya	18	Italiya	2	Italiya	16
Italiya	14	Italiya	14	Yankunan kasashen waje	4

Tattalin arzikin yankuna da manyan yankuna

Sunan	GDP 2018, Yuro miliyan ^[7]	GDP ga kowane mutum 2018,EUR ^[7]	GDP 2011, PPS miliyan ^[7]	GDP na kowane mutum 2011,PPS ^[7]
Abruzzo	33,900	25,800	29,438	21,900
Kwarin Aosta	4,900	38,900	4,236	33,000
Apulia	76,600	19,000	68,496	16,700
Basilicata	12,600	22,200	10,517	17,900
Calabria	33,300	17,000	32,357	16,100
Kamfen	108,000	18,600	91,658	15,700
Emilia da Roma	161,000	36,200	139,597	31,400
Friuli-Venezia Giulia	38,000	31,200	35,855	29,000
Lazio	198,000	33,600	168,609	29,300
Liguria	49,900	32,100	43,069	26,700
Lombardy	388,800	38,600	330,042	33,200
Tafiya	43,200	28,300	40,014	25,500
Molise	6,500	20,900	6,278	19,700
Piedmont	137,000	31,500	123,336	27,600
Sardinia	34,900	21,200	32,377	19,300
Sicily	89,200	17,800	82,183	16,300
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol	41,700	39,200	35,041	33,700
Tuscany	118,000	31,500	103,775	27,600
Umbria	22,500	25,400	21,078	23,200
Veneto	163,000	33,200	146,369	29,600

Lambobin	Sunan	GDP 2011, Yuro miliyan ^[7]	GDP na kowane mutum 2011, EUR ^[7]	GDP 2011, PPS miliyan ^[7]	GDP na kowane mutum 2011,PPS ^[7]
ITE	Cibiyar	340,669	28,400	333,475	27,800
ITC	Arewa maso Yamma	511,484	31,700	500,683	31,000
ITD	Arewa maso gabas	364,560	31,200	356,862	30,600
ITF	Kudancin	243,895	17,200	238,744	16,800
ITG	Tsibirin	117,031	17,400	114,560	17,000
-	Ƙarin Rikici	2,771	-	2,712	-

Dubi kuma

Yankunan NUTS na Italiya na matakin 1
Majalisar yanki (Italiya)
Jerin shugabannin yankuna na yanzu na Italiya
Jerin yankunan Italiya ta GDP
Jerin yankunan Italiya ta hanyar GRP ga kowane mutum
Jerin yankuna na Italiya ta hanyar Ci gaban Dan Adam
Flags na yankuna na Italiya
ISO 3166-2:IT

Yankunan Italiya
Biranen birni na Italiya
Manyan hukumomi na Italiya

↑ "National structures". Eurostat. Archived from the original on 13 July 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "fedref".
↑ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.
↑ "ISTAT geo-demo".
↑ Torrente, Luciano; Strazzullo, Paolo; Pinto, Roberto. "Statuti Regionali – Casa Editrice: Edizioni Simone". www.simone.it. Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
↑ LL.M., Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher. "ICL – Italy – Constitution". servat.unibe.ch.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "GDP per capita in the EU in 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2014. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "GDP per capita in the EU in 2011" defined multiple times with different content.

[eurostat-1] "National structures". Eurostat. Archived from the original on 13 July 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2011.

[fedref-2] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "fedref".

[3] "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.

[4] "ISTAT geo-demo".

[5] Torrente, Luciano; Strazzullo, Paolo; Pinto, Roberto. "Statuti Regionali – Casa Editrice: Edizioni Simone". www.simone.it. Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 6 June 2011.

[6] LL.M., Prof. Dr. Axel Tschentscher. "ICL – Italy – Constitution". servat.unibe.ch.

[GDP_per_capita_in_the_EU_in_2011-7] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "GDP per capita in the EU in 2011" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 March 2014. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "GDP per capita in the EU in 2011" defined multiple times with different content.

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