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Yankunan yanayi ta tsawo

Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.

Yanayin yanayi da ilimin halittu na wurare daban-daban na duniya sun rabu da kansu zuwa yankunan rayuwa, ya danganta da tsayi, latitude, da wuri.  Gabaɗaya dogaro mai ƙarfi akan ɗagawa ana sanshi da tsayayyen yanki: matsakaicin zafin jiki yana raguwa yayin da tsayin ya ƙaru.

Sakamakon tsawo ya dogara da kimiyyar yanayi. Koyaya, takamaiman yanayi da yanayin muhalli na kowane wuri ya dogara da takamaiman fasalulluka na wannan wuri. Wannan labarin yana ba da jerin yankuna na rayuwa ta yanki, don kwatanta fasalulluka na yankuna na duniya.

Tsakiyar Turai: Switzerland da Jamus

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  • Yankin Planar, a ƙarƙashin 300 m (Eastern Alps), a ƙarƙashin 150 m (Central Uplands), noma.
  • Yankin tudun, 300 - 800 m (Eastern Alps), 150 - 300 m (Central Uplands), iyakar itacen oak (Quercus spp.). Beech na Turai (Fagus sylvatica), itacen oak na Sessile (Quercus petraea), itacen pedunculate ko itacen oaki na Turanci (Quercus robur), Turai ko na yau da kullun (Carpinus betulus) da ƙananan Lime (Tilia cordata). Ƙayyadadden amfanin inabi (Vitis spp.), kusan 600 m, Switzerland, Arewa, tuddai masu fuskantar kudu, an kiyasta 7.5 ° C. Amfanin gona: masara don abinci; masara mai zaki (Zea mays). 
  • Yankin Submontane, 700 - 1,000 m (Eastern Alps), 300 - 450 m (Central Uplands), European Beech (Fagus sylvatica), Silver Fir ko European Silver Fir (Abies alba) da Norway Spruce (Picea abies). Kudancin gandun daji ta hanyar sake dasa bishiyoyi yana da iyaka a kusa da 800 m, Arewa.
  • Yankin Montane, 800 - 1,200 m (Eastern Alps), 450 - 650 m (Central Uplands), iyakar amfanin gona (Secale cereale) da iyakar ambaliyar alkama (Triticum spp.)
  • Yankin Tsakiyar Dutsen, 1,000 - 1,400 m (Eastern Alps), 650 - 800 m (Central Uplands). Ƙayyadadden yankunan da ke cikin shekara, iyakar Lokacin girma na kwanaki 100.
  • Yankin Altimontane, 1,300 - 1,850 m (Eastern Alps), 800 - 1,500 m (Central Uplands). Ƙayyadadden gandun daji, Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) da European Beech (Fagus sylvatica).
  • Yankin Subalpine, 1,500 - 2,500 m (Eastern Alps), sama da 1,500 m (Central Uplands), Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris), Norway Spruce (Picea abies), Swiss Pine (Pinus cembra, Arve ko Zirbel) iyaka da European Larch (Larix decidua) iyaka, 2,000 m, wasu samfurori har zuwa 2,850 m, tuddai masu fuskantar kudu. Layin itace da yankin Krummholz ko ecotone (bishiyoyi masu tasowa), Sub-alpine meadow da Yanayin Alpine.
  • Yankin Alpine, 2,000 - 3,000 m (Eastern Alps), wuraren ciyawa na Montane da wuraren shrub. Mountain Pine ko Mugo Pine (Pinus mugo) iyaka. Alpine meadows kawai amfani a lokacin zafi.
  • Yankin dusar ƙanƙara, sama da 3,000 m (Eastern Alps), hamada ta alpine, permafrost, Scree da kuma sama da layin dusar ƙara.[1][2][3][4]

Bahar Rum: Corsica

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  • Thermomediterranean ciyayi bel, 150 m (kudu) da kuma 100 m (arewa);  shrub na Pistacia lentiscus da m Mediterranean Coastal scrub (maquis) tare da Quercus ilex, Phillyrea, Myrtu kwaminis da zaitun daji (Olea europea var. sylvestris). Belin ciyayi na Mesomediterranean, har zuwa mita 700 ( gangaren arewa) da 900 m ( gangaren kudu);  Erica arborea, Arbutus unedo da Quercus ilex.  Dazuzzuka sun haɗa da Quercus suber, Pinus pinaster, Quercus pubescens da Castanea sativa kuma. Supramediterranean ciyayi bel, 500- 700 m har zuwa 900- 1,000 m (arewa gangara), ko 800- 1,000 m zuwa 1,200- 1,350 m (kudu gangara);  Erica arborea, Quercus ilex, Quercus petraea, Pinus nigra ssp.  laricio, Alnus cordata, Ilex aquifolium, Taxus baccata da Ostrya carpinifolia. Belin ciyayi na Montane, 900- 1,000 m zuwa 1,600 m ( gangaren arewa) da 1,300 zuwa 1,800 m (kudu gangara);  gandun daji na Pinus nigra ssp.  laricio, Fagus sylvatica dan Abies alba.  Quercus ilex, Quercus pubescens, Pinus pinaster, Castanea sativa da Erica arborea ba su sake fitowa ba. Cryo-oromediterranean bel ciyayi, 1,700- 1,800 m zuwa 2,200 m (kawai gangaren kudu);  saman layin Bishiyar na sama (Pinus nigra ssp. laricio ya kai mita 1,800), dodanni bushes na Genista lobelii var.  lobelioides, Astragalus sirinicus ssp.  genargenteus, Anthyllis hemanniae, Thymus herbabarona, Berberis aetnensis da Juniperus communis ssp.  alpina. Subalpine ciyayi bel, 1,400- 1,600 m zuwa 2,100 m (kawai gangaren arewa);  Alnus viridis ssp.  suaveolens, Acer pseudoplatanus, Sorbus aucuparia ssp.  praemsar. Belin ciyayi mai tsayi, sama da 2,100 m;  ƙananan ciyayi. Tsire-tsire masu nuni: Rock Speedwell (Veronica fruticans), Potentilla crassinervia, Armeria pusilla, Cerastium thomasii, Phyteuma serratum, Stachys corsica da Helichrysum

Yankin Andes na wurare masu zafi 10 ° S

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Sanctuary of Qoyllur Rit'i - Mountain Tundra

Classic Version - Yankunan Yankin Amazon

  • Matsayin teku, 22 zuwa 24 , amma sanyi Humboldt Current yana haifar da hazo.
  • Tierra caliente (Ƙasa mai tsawo) har zuwa 750-1,000 .
  • Tierra templada (Ƙasar da ke da matsakaicin matsakaicin yanayi) har zuwa 1,850-2,000 . Watan da ya fi zafi yana da matsakaicin zafin jiki na ƙasa da 22 °C (72 °F) ° C (72 ° F).
  • Ƙasa mai sanyi (Ƙasa mai sanyi) ƙasa da 3,600 metres (11,800 ft) m (11,800 . Watan da ya fi zafi yana da matsakaicin zafin jiki na ƙasa da 18 °C (64 °F) ° C (64 ° F).
  • Tierra helada (ƙasa mai sanyi) sama da 3,600 metres (11,800 ft) m (11,800 . layin itace yana faruwa ne lokacin da watan da ya fi zafi yana da matsakaicin zafin jiki na ƙasa da 10 °C (50 °F) ° C (50 ° F).
  • Tierra Nevada, sama da layin Snow a 4,500-5,500 .

Kilimanjaro

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Kilimanjaro, Tanzania (3°7′0′′S 37°35′0′′E / 3.11667°S 37.58333°E / -3.11667; 37.58333. (Kilimanjaro)) & Dutsen Kenya, Kenya, (0°9′0′′ S 37°18′0′′ E / 0.15000°S 37.30000°E / .

  • Malindi; Kenya; 23 m; matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara 26.5 °C; matsakaitan ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 1'095 mm; 3°14′0′′S 40°6′0′′E / 3.23333°S 40.10000°E / -3.23333; 40.10000 (Malindi)   3°14′0″S 40°6′0″E / 3.23333°S 40.10000°E / -3.23333; 40.10000
  • Kilimanjaro Base a kusa da 1,300, amfanin gona a kusa da1,300 - 1,800 m (West Slope ya bushe sosai): Kofi (Coffea arabica), Banana (Musa spp.), Mango (Mangifera indica), Avocado (Persea americana). Aikin noma na gargajiya yana amfani da tsarin multilayer don adana ruwa: Bananas suna ƙarƙashin inuwa na itatuwan mango, itatuwan avocado da Albizia schimperiana var. amaniensis, bishiyoyin kofi da kayan lambu suna ƙarƙashin inuwa na ayaba; [5] [6][7]
  • Filin jirgin saman Nairobi; Kenya; 1,624 m; matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara 19.0 ° C; matsakaitan ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 889 mm; 01°19′09′′S 36°55′39′′E / 1.31917°S 36.92750°E / -1.31917; 36.9275 (Farin jirgin saman Nairobi)   01°19′09″S 36°55′39″E / 1.31917°S 36.92750°E / -1.31917; 36.92750
  • Kudancin gandun daji mai laushi, tsakanin 1,400 da 3,000 , max. 3,300 m. Yankin Bamboo yana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, ya ɓace a Kilimanjaro saboda aikin gona;
  • dazuzzukan katako, lichen "gemu na awaki" (Usnea spp.), tsakanin 3,000 da 3,500  ;
  • Layin itace, 2,700-3,000 , max. 3,500 m (Coniferae ba su nan);
  • Heathland da chaparral, tsakanin 3,200 da 3,800 . Giant Lobelias, har zuwa ca. 4,000 m; dazuzzuka na Subalpine tare da Ericaceae har zuwa 4,100 m (kamar tsayi 10 m);
  • Yankin Afro-alpine, sama da kimanin 3,800 metres (12,500 ft) m (12,500 , manyan filayen har zuwa 4,500 m;
  • Yankin Nival, yawanci sama da 4,500 metres (14,800 ft) m (14,800 .
  • Vulcano Kibo - Uhuru Peak, 5,895 m dutse da kankara. Kamar yadda conifers ba su nan, layin itace ya fi ƙasa.[8][9]
Tsarin grid mai sauƙi. Tsohon dutse a hagu, Ngaliema - Dutsen Stanley, 3,951 m; Dutsen Rwenzori ko Dutsen Wata (Afirka).[10]

A cikin tsawo tsakanin 3,400 metres (11,200 ft) da 4,500 ana iya samun wasu daga cikin misalai masu tsananin daidaitawa. A tsawo a ƙasa da 3,400 m (11,200 ft) sauye-sauyen zafin jiki na yau da kullun ba su da tsananin gaske, matsakaicin zafin jiki ya karu, kuma siffofin girma da muhalli na Dendroseneic suna nuna karuwar tasirin abubuwan rayuwa (kamar gasa don haske) akan abubuwan abiotic (kamar sanyi na dare).

Dutsen Snow na Jade Dragon

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Dutsen Jade Dragon Snow yana dauke da kankara mafi kusa da Equator a Arewacin Hemisphere. Ana iya isa ga alamun 4,506 m da 4,680 m a ƙarshen kankara ta hanyar motar kebul daga Ganhaizi (Tibetan don tafkin bushe, ciyawa tare da conifers a 3,400 m). Yankin hamada ya fara ne a kusa da 4,000 m. Koguna Uku na Yunnan (UNESCO World Heritage Site) ya ƙunshi yankunan ruwa na kogin Yangtze (Jinsha), Mekong (Lan Cang) da Salween (Nujiang) kuma shine haɗin gwiwar Yankin Palearctic da yankin Indomalayan. [11]

Jirgin kasa na Chihuahua zuwa Pacific

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  • Mazatlán; 4 m; matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara 24.3 °C, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 860 mm, 23°12′0′′N 106°25′0′′W / 23.20000°N 106.41667°W / 23.-20000; -106.416 67 (Mazatlán)   23°12′0″N 106°25′0″W / 23.20000°N 106.41667°W / 23.20000; -106.41667
  • Birnin Los Mochis, Sinaloa da tashar jiragen ruwa ta Topolobampo; matakin teku
  • Tashi har zuwa 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) m (7,900 sama da matakin teku kusa da rarraba nahiyar (Divisadero)
  • Chihuahua (Ferrocarril Chihuahua al Pacífico), Chihuahua; 1,435 m; matsakaicin zafin shekara-shekara 18.4 ° C, matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-sheko 368 mm, 28°38′0′′N 106°05′0′′W / 28.6333333°N 106.08333°W / 28. 63333; -106.0833333 (Chihuahua) [8]  

Jirgin kasa na Darjeeling Himalayan

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Sauran yankuna

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  • Yankunan rayuwa na Arewacin Cascades a cikin Pacific Arewa maso Yammacin Amurka
  • Yankunan rayuwa na Sierra Nevada a California

Bayani

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.

Bayanan da aka ambata

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  • Empty citation (help)
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  • Hemp, Andreas (2006a). "The banana forests of Kilimanjaro. Biodiversity and conservation of the agroforestry system of the Chagga Home Gardens". Biodiversity and Conservation. 15 (4): 1193–1217. doi:10.1007/s10531-004-8230-8.
  • Hemp, Claudia (2005). "The Chagga Home Gardens – relict areas for endemic Saltatoria Species (Insecta: Orthoptera) on Mt. Kilimanjaro". Biodiversity and Conservation. 125 (2): 203–210. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.03.018.
  • Empty citation (help)
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  • Reille, M.; Gamisans, J.; de Beaulieu, J.-L.; Andrieu, V. (1997). "The late-glacial at Lac de Creno (Corsica, France): a key site in the western Mediterranean basin". New Phytologist. 135 (3): 547–559. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1997.00683.x.
  • Reille, M.; Gamisans, J.; Andrieu-Ponel, V.; de Beaulieu, J.-L. (February 1999). "The Holocene at Lac de Creno, Corsica, France: A Key Site for the Whole Island". New Phytologist. 141 (2): 291–307. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00343.x. PMID 33862917 Check |pmid= value (help).
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  1. ↑ Ellenberg 1996
  2. ↑ Mayer 1974
  3. ↑ Mayer 1984
  4. ↑ Wittmann 1983
  5. ↑ "The Chagga Homegardens on Kilimanjaro" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-09-08. Retrieved 2025-08-01.
  6. ↑ Hemp 2005
  7. ↑ Hemp 2006a
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "Europa". Klimadiagramme weltweit.
  9. ↑ Allan 1981
  10. ↑ "Africa Ultra-Prominences: 84 Mountains with prominence of 1,500 m (4,900 ft) or greater". Peaklist. Retrieved 2008-05-05.
  11. ↑ "Lijiang Jade Dragon Snow Mountain, Yulong Mountain, Yunnan".
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