Yaran bakin tituna a Ghana
 Yaran bakin tituna a Ghana | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na |
street child (en)  |
| Ƙasa | Ghana |
Jimlar yawan yara a Ghana ƴan kasa da shekaru 15 shine 38.01%. [1] Matasa sun kasance mafi mahimmancin ƙarfin albarkatun ɗan adam wanda zai iya ba da gudummawa sosai ga ci gaban al'umma gaba ɗaya. Tunanin yara kan tituna ya sabawa dokar yaran da ta ce ko da wane irin hali bai kamata a bar wanda bai kai shekara sha biyar ya yi aiki ba ko kuma ya kula da kansa. [2] Saboda haka, karuwar al'amuran da suka shafi tituna abin tsoro ne. Ana kallon yaran da ke kan titi a matsayin matsala (saboda wasunsu suna yin sata don tsira) maimakon mutanen da mazauninsu na farko shine titi. Babu shakka, matsananciyar rashi da keɓantawa a cikin jama'a suna haifar da damar yin laifi . [3] Yaran kan titi suna cikin waɗanda aka fi gani a zahiri a duk yara, suna zaune kuma suna aiki a kusurwoyin tituna da wuraren taruwar jama'a a cikin garuruwanmu tun daga Aflao zuwa Bawku. Abin ban mamaki, su ma suna cikin mafi 'masu ganuwa', la'akari da cewa su ne ƙungiyoyin da suka fi wuya a kai ga samar da muhimman ayyuka kamar ilimi da kiwon lafiya, don haka mafi wuyar kariya. Da zarar sun hau kan titi, ban da yadda ake nuna musu jinƙai na yanayi, suna da rauni ga kowane nau'i na cin zarafi da cin zarafi, rayuwar da ta yi nisa daga ƙuruciyarta da aka tsara a cikin Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'yancin yara. [4] Yara kan titi suna wakiltar ɗaya daga cikin rukunin yara da aka fi sani da duniya. Suna fuskantar tauye haƙƙinsu da yawa a kullum.
Gaskiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A halin yanzu, kimanin yara sittin da ɗaya dubu huɗu da tara da biyu suna kan titunan Accra suna gwagwarmaya don cimma burin. A watan Mayu na shekara ta 2009, an yi ƙididdigar yara a kan titi a Accra. Sakamakon da aka samu ya nuna cewa kashi 43% na yawan jama'a maza ne kuma kashi 57% mata ne. A Ghana, ana iya samun yawancin yara a tituna a Tsakiyar Accra, da'irar Kwame Nkrumah, Kumasi, Tamale, da sauran manyan cibiyoyin. Mafi yawan yara a kan titi sun fito ne daga Yankin Arewacin Ghana wanda ya samar da kashi 28.53% na yaran da aka samu a titunan Accra. Mafi ƙanƙanta yawan yara da aka samu a titunan Accra sun fito ne daga yankin BrongAhafo wanda ke ba da gudummawa 2.38% ga yawan yaran tituna a Accra.[5]
Dalilan tituna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Streetism shine sakamakon ƙaruwar birane da kuma mawuyacin yanayin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da iyalai na karkara ke fuskanta. Akwai dalilai masu yawa na tushen ga karuwar yawan yara a kan titi a Accra kuma waɗannan dalilai na tushen suna da alaƙa sosai. Dangantaka tsakanin abubuwan da ke haifar da su suna da alaƙa sosai da iko da gata. Wasu yara suna kan tituna saboda an sanya su a wani matakin iko a cikin gidan kuma sun yi imanin cewa titin zai zama wuri mai ƙarancin iko ko babu iko. Yayinda wasu ba su da wadata kuma suna tafiya kan tituna don neman kuɗi. Yawancin waɗannan yara marasa galihu ba su da gida saboda tasirin kisan aure, mutuwar iyaye ko iyaye da ba su iya kula da yaransu ba. Koyaya, ana iya danganta tituna a Ghana ga masu zuwa.
Talauci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yara da suka fito daga iyalai matalauta a Ghana na iya samun kansu a kan tituna. Yawancin waɗannan yara suna da iyaye waɗanda ba za su iya kula da su yadda ya kamata ba. Wasu iyaye suna watsi da yara da suka tsufa don su iya kula da yara saboda matsalolin kudi. Wadannan yara sun ƙare a kan tituna inda suka sami ta'aziyya kuma suna gwagwarmaya don kula da kansu.[6]
Rashin kulawar iyaye
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wani dalili mai alaƙa da ya haifar da lalata a kan titi shine watsi da iyaye.[7] Yara da suka fito daga iyalai masu lalacewa a Ghana galibi iyayensu ne ke watsi da su. Iyayensu suna jin cewa babu babban nauyi a gare su don kula da waɗannan yara. Yawancin waɗannan suna cikin ƙoƙari na azabtar da matansu saboda sun kawo ƙarshen dangantakarsu da su. Sakamakon irin waɗannan ayyukan da iyaye ke yi shine waɗannan yara suna motsawa cikin tituna a ƙoƙarin kare kansu.
Gudun hijira a cikin ƙauyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yawancin yara a kan titi a Ghana ana samun su a cikin manyan biranen kamar Kumasi, Accra, da Tamale tare da gidaje na Accra sama da yara 50,000 na titi.[8] Wadannan wani bangare ne saboda ƙaura daga birane na ƙauyuka. Yara da yawa suna ƙaura daga yankunan karkara zuwa manyan birane kamar Kumasi da Accra don neman makiyaya masu kyau. Wadannan motsi galibi saboda ayyukan tattalin arziki ne da ke gudana a waɗannan yankuna. Tun da yawancin waɗannan yara da suka ƙaura daga yankunan karkara ba su da dangin iyali a cikin birane, sun ƙare da kafa kawance tare da wasu yara a kan titi kuma sun ƙare a kan tituna.
Yaran tituna na ƙarni na biyu
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasu yara an haife su ne daga iyaye da ke kan tituna. Wannan ta atomatik yana sa titin ya zama gidajensu, saboda haka waɗannan yara sun ƙare a kan tituna tunda ba su da wani wuri da ake kira gida sai dai titin.
Tsayawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Wasu yara sun fi son kasancewa a kan tituna fiye da kowane wuri. Kodayake waɗannan na iya danganta da cin zarafi a cikin gida ko a makarantu amma ba su da wani abu da ya shafi matsalar kudi. Wasu yara daga iyalai masu arziki saboda son salon rayuwar tituna suna yin kawance da wasu don shiga wasu mugunta na zamantakewa da kuma ƙare a kan tituna.[9]
Tasirin tituna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Streetism yana da tasiri iri-iri a kan yara a kan tituna da kuma al'umma inda suke samun kansu. Daga cikin wadannan sune:
Hadarin lafiya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Matsalolin kiwon lafiya sune manyan matsalolin yara a kan titi a Ghana. Streetism yana fallasa yara ga matsaloli masu yawa na kiwon lafiya da sauran haɗari. Yara suna aiki a cikin mahalli mara kyau kuma suna da saukin kamuwa da ƙazanta. Manyan cututtukan da ke shafar yara a kan titi sun hada da zazzabin cizon sauro, zazzabi, sanyi, rashes, kwalara, ciwon kai da kamuwa da cuta. Wadannan yara suna cikin haɗari sosai kuma suna iya sha wahala fiye da sauran yara daga mummunar rauni ta jiki saboda haɗari kamar faɗuwa, nutsar, wuta, ko shan guba.
Cin zarafin jima'i
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yara a kan tituna ba su da kowane irin tsaro kuma suna da sauƙin zama ganima ga duk wani mutum mai cutarwa. A sakamakon haka, suna cikin haɗari fiye da sauran yara na cin zarafin jiki da jima'i daga baƙi da masu wucewa.[10] Wadannan suna haifar da ciki da ba a so wanda ke kara fallasa su ga haɗarin lafiya da yawa kuma wani lokacin mutuwa.
Karin yawan aikata laifuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Streetism yana haifar da babbar barazana ga Ghana. Yawancin laifuka kamar fashi da makami, karuwanci, satar mutane da shan miyagun ƙwayoyi na iya danganta da lalata tituna.[11] Tun da yawancin yara da ke kan tituna ba su iya samun damar samun ilimi na yau da kullun da koyon sana'o'i ba, waɗannan yara suna shiga cikin irin waɗannan mugunta a ƙoƙarin cimma burin su. Wadannan duk da haka suna haifar da babbar barazana ga kasar saboda haka bukatar hana barazanar.
Maganin da zai yiwu ga Street-ism
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kamar sauran matsalolin zamantakewa da yawa, ana iya magance tituna yadda ya kamata. Da farko, ilimin jama'a shine babbar hanyar sarrafa tituna a Ghana. Ta hanyar ilimin jama'a iyaye, masu kula, yara da doka da kowa za su fahimci tasirin tituna akan ci gaban yaro. Kungiyoyi kamar Save a Street Child foundation sun taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ilimin jama'a da kuma jagorantar yara a kan titi kuma kokarin kamar waɗannan suna da tsawo wajen taimakawa wajen hana streetism. Har ila yau, farfadowa yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin da za a iya warware lalata tituna. Ya kamata a sami farfadowa ga 'yan mata da suka yi ciki bayan an haife su da jaririnsu. Ya kamata gwamnati ta ba da umurni ga Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a don horar da 'yan mata matasa bayan sun haihu. Wannan shirin horo zai ba 'yan mata damar samun ƙwarewa a gyaran gashi, shuka, aikin gini, sana'a, banki da sauransu don ba su damar samun rayuwa. Ya kamata gwamnati ta kuma gabatar da dokoki da aiwatar da dokoki don dakatar da ayyukan yara a kan titi.
Ƙungiyoyin da suka danganci
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Ajiye Gidauniyar Yara ta titi
- Makomar Afirka (FOA)
- Gidauniyar Karfafa Yara ta Street (SCEF)
- Ayyukan Katolika don Yara na titi (CAS)
- Dama ga Yara
- Kaya ChildCare
- Cibiyar Horar da Ƙauyen Hope da Hope
- Zuwa ga yara na Street Shirin ciyar da LBG.
- Taimako na 'yan mata na titi (S.Aid)
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ "Ghana Demographics Profile 2018". www.indexmundi.com.
- ↑ Afful, Henrietta. "The Increasing Case Of Street Children".
- ↑ Awatey, Samuel. "Assessing the Effects of Streetism on the Livelihood of Street Children: A Case Study of Kumasi (in Ghana)" (PDF). p. 1.
- ↑ "Child streetism: a setback to national development | ActionAid". www.actionaid.org (in Turanci). Retrieved 2018-04-24.
- ↑ "Census" (PDF). www.chance-for-children.org. 2014.
- ↑ "Figure 2. Key causes of street children in Accra as identified by..." ResearchGate.
- ↑ "Parental neglect cause of streetism in Nkoranza - CHRAJ". www.ghanaweb.com. 30 November 2001.
- ↑ "Accra plays host to more than 50,000 street children- Foundation".
- ↑ Agyemang, Daniel (March 2011). "Research paper" (PDF). ir.knust.edu.gh.
- ↑ "Streetism: Its Impact On Society | News Ghana". www.newsghana.com.gh (in Turanci). 2 January 2015. Retrieved 2018-04-24.
- ↑ "About 61,492 children are victims of streetism- Social Welfare".