Yaren Colognian

Yaren Colognian
Kölsch
Dangin harshen	Indo-European (en) Germanic (en) West Germanic (en) High German (en) Central German (en) West Central German (en) Central Franconian (en) Ripuarian (en) Yaren Colognian
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Baƙaƙen boko
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	ksh
Glottolog	kols1241

Colognian ko Kölsch (kshkshYadda ake furta yaren Colognian: []; asalinsa Kölsch Platt) ƙaramin saiti ne na yaruka da ke da alaƙa da juna, ko bambance-bambance, na ƙungiyar yarukan Ripuarian na ƙungiyar Jamusanci ta Tsakiya. kshAna magana da waɗannan yarukan a yankin da Archdiocese da tsohon Electorate na Cologne suka mamaye daga Neuss a arewa zuwa kudu da Bonn, yamma zuwa Düren da gabas zuwa Olpe a arewa maso yammacin Jamus.

Sunan

A cikin yarukan Ripuarian, "kölsch" adjective ne wanda ke nufin '' ko 'da ke cikin Cologne', don haka daidai da "Colognian". Siffofinsa (ene Kölsche, de Kölsche da sauransu) suna nuna mazaunan Cologne. Kalmar "Kölsch", ba tare da labarin ba, tana nufin ko dai yaren ko giya na Kölsch. Saboda haka Colognian mai ban dariya yana cewa: "Muna ita ce kawai yaren da za ku iya sha!"

Masu magana

A Cologne, kusan mutane 250,000 ne ke magana da shi sosai, kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na yawan jama'a.Kusan dukkanin masu magana suna da kyau a cikin daidaitattun ko babban Jamusanci.An fahimci shi sosai a yankin da mutane miliyan 10 ke zaune (kimanin mai ra'ayin mazan jiya).

Akwai al'umma na mutanen da ke magana da Kölsch iri-iri a Dane County, Wisconsin, Amurka.

Yankin

Akwai bambance-bambance na gida (da ke raguwa) na Kölsch a cikin Quarters, musamman wadanda aka kafa kwanan nan a cikin birni, da Hinterland.   [bayyanawa da ake buƙata] Wani lokaci, har ma da fiye da 100 rarrabe harsunan Ripuarian na Belgium, Netherlands, da Rhineland na Jamus ana kiransu Kölsch, da kuma Rhinelandic regiolect. A zahiri, regiolect ya bambanta sosai da Kölsch, kasancewar yankin iri-iri na Jamusanci na Jamusancin da ke da tasiri ne kawai zuwa wani mataki ta yaren. Saboda haka, yawancin masu magana da harshen regiolect a zahiri ba su san gaskiyar cewa akwai "regiolect" ba, suna gaskata cewa suna magana da Jamusanci na yau da kullun.

Tarihi da rarrabuwa

A cikin tsarinsa na zamani, yana da asalin kwanan nan. Ya samo asali ne daga Tarihin Colognian, amma ya kasance a ƙarƙashin tasirin New High German tun daga karni na 17. Har ila yau, Faransanci ne suka rinjayi shi a lokacin da aka mamaye Yankin Hagu na Rhine a ƙarƙashin Napoleon Bonaparte daga 1794 zuwa 1815, sabili da haka ya ƙunshi wasu kalmomi da maganganu da suka shafi Faransanci fiye da yadda Standard German yake. Har ila yau, akwai kamanceceniya da Faransanci, wanda duk da haka yana iya zama daidai.

Kölsch yana daya daga cikin bambance-bambance na yarukan Ripuarian (ba wani ɓangare na Rhinelandic regiolect ba, rheinisch), wanda yake na iyalin Jamus ta Tsakiya ta Yamma. Yana da alaƙa da ƙananan yarukan Rhineland (Niederrheinisch) da Moselle Franconian (moselfränkisch) kuma ya haɗu da wasu siffofi na su, da kuma amfani da kalmomi iri-iri da ba a amfani da su a wasu wurare ba. Ya zama ruwan dare tare da ƙungiyar yaren Limburgish da sauran yarukan Ripuarian, yana da faɗakarwa, wanda ake kira 'raira waƙa' sautin Rhinelandic.

Abubuwan da aka kwatanta da Jamusanci na yau da kullun

Wannan jerin yana nuna bambance-bambance mafi muhimmanci kawai. Yawancin waɗannan ba Kölsch ba ne kawai, amma gaskiya ne ga duk yarukan Ripuarian.

• Kölsch yana amfani da [ɕ], [[ [dubious - tattauna] ko ma [ʃ] maimakon misali [ç], don haka lokacin da masu mulkin mallaka suka ce "ich", yana sauti kamar ""Is"". 
• Ana kiran sautin Jamusanci /ɡ/ a farkon kalma, kuma [j], [ʁ], [ɕ] ko [x] a wasu matsayi, dangane da tsarin syllable. Wannan ya haifar da kuskuren imani cewa "im Kölschen jibbet kein Je" (Rheinlander regiolect Jamusanci: "A cikin Colognian babu "G"); a zahiri Cologniyan yana da phoneme /g/, kawai ba inda masu magana da Jamusanci na yau da kullun suke tsammani ba: rigge "don hawa" (Jamusanci: sakewa)
• Kölsch yana da diphthongs guda uku da ake kira [ei], [ou] da [øy], waɗanda suke daidai da amma ba su da yawa fiye da [aɪ], [aʊ] da [ɔʏ] a cikin ma'auni.
• Ba a burin tsayawar murya ba, sabanin Jamusanci na yau da kullun da yawancin nau'ikan Turanci (ko da yake akwai wasu yaruka a Scotland da Arewacin Ingila inda ba a burin dakatarwar murya).
• Sautin [l] ya fi "duhu" fiye da na Jamusanci na al'ada, kuma an maye gurbinsa da [[[[[[[[]]]]]]]: (Colognian) //ˈkœɫːʃ//; (Jamusanci na Al'ada) //ˈkʰœlʃ//)
• Kalmomi tare da wasula ta farko ba a raba su da kalmar da ta gabata ta hanyar tsayawa ba.
• Kölsch yana da tsarin wasula mafi girma fiye da Jamusanci na yau da kullun. A cikin Jamusanci na yau da kullun [ɔ] da [œ] koyaushe gajere ne, [e], [o] da [ø] koyaushe tsawo. A cikin Kölsch duk waɗannan suna faruwa da tsawo da gajeren lokaci, kuma bambancin shine phonemic.
• Ingancin sautin sau da yawa ya bambanta tsakanin kalmomin da aka saba amfani da su da kalmomin Kölsch. Wani lokaci ma'auni yana da nau'i na asali, wani lokacin Kölsch yana yi. Standard [ɪ], [ʊ], [ʏ] sau da yawa ya dace da Kölsch [e], [o], [ø], da [iː], [uː], [yː] sau da kullun ya dace da [eː], [oː], [øː]. Standard [aɪ], [aʊ], [ɔʏ] sau da yawa ya dace da Kölsch [iː], [uː] da [yː], kuma [aː], [ɛː] sau da kullun ya dace da [ɔː] da[œː]. Dukkanin waɗannan alamu (da wasu da za a samu), duk da haka, suna da banbanci da yawa kuma ba za a iya amfani da su don gina kalmomin Kölsch ba tare da la'akari ba.
• Kölsch ya fi ba na rhotic ba fiye da misali. Sau da yawa yana kiran "r" gaba ɗaya don duk wata alama ta ɓace, misali std. "kurz", ksh. ""Kot"".
  • Lokacin da ba ta furta "r" ba, sau da yawa za a furta shi da ƙarfi fiye da Jamusanci: Sport [ɕpɔxt] (sau da yawa ana rubuta shi da ban dariya "Spocht"). Wannan ya kai ga harshen Cologne na Jamusanci.
• Da yake yaren Jamusanci ta Tsakiya ne, Kölsch ya sha wasu matakai na canjin sauti na Jamusanci, amma ba duka ba. Inda ma'auni yana da "pf", Kölsch yana amfani da "p", kamar yadda Lower German da Ingilishi suke yi. Kwatanta: Jamusanci na yau da kullun: "Apfel, Pfanne"; Kölsch: "Kira, Pann", Turanci: "apple, pan". Bugu da ƙari, inda ma'auni yana da "t", Kölsch yawanci yana riƙe da tsofaffi "d": Ma'auni na Jamusanci: "Tag, tun"; Kölsch: "Daach, donn"; Turanci: "rana, yi".
• Kölsch ya sauya tsutsa-tsakiya [b] da [f] zuwa [v]. Har ila yau, wannan canjin sauti yana da alaƙa da ƙananan Jamusanci da Ingilishi. Gwada: Jamusanci na yau da kullun: "leben, Ofen"; Kölsch: "levve, Ovve"; Turanci: "rayuwa, tanda" (lura cewa wannan ba ya shafar [f] ya sauya daga tsofaffi [p], misali Kölsch "schlofe", Turanci "don barci").
• Kamar yadda al'ada Ripuarian phenomenon, [d] da [n] sun canza zuwa [ɡ] da [ŋ] a wasu lokuta, misali std. "Shu da, Wein", ksh. "Shirge, Wing".
  • Musamman, Tsakiyar Tsakiyar Jamusanci ît, îd, în /iːt iːd iːn/, ût, ûd, ûn /uːt uːn/ , iut, iud, iun /yːt yːd, yːn/ > Colognian igg, ugg, ügg; ing, ung, üng /ɪɡ ʊŋɡ ʏŋ/. Irin wannan canjin /nd/ zuwa /ŋɡ/ ya kasance kusa da duniya, amma an rasa shi a cikin kalmomi da yawa, mai yiwuwa saboda tasirin Jamusanci na yau da kullun. (Münch ya ba da misalai fryŋ̄k, kiŋ̄k "aboki", "yaro", inda Kölsch na zamani ke da Fründ, Kind. (Jamusanci: Freund, Kind)
  • Kalmar "dütsch" (Jamusanci), kwatanta Jamusanci deutsch, an kuma rinjayi shi da yarukan da ke kewaye da shi da kuma ma'auni, kuma cikakkiyar Kölsch *düksch ba a taɓa jin ta ba.
• A cikin Kölsch, "t" na ƙarshe bayan an sauke shi a ƙarshen kalmomi sannan wani ma'ana ya biyo baya (sai dai l, m, n, ng). Lokacin da aka kara wasali, "t" da ya ɓace na iya sake faruwa.
• A cikin Kölsch ana sauke kalmar ƙarshe schwa kuma ana taƙaita ma'auni na ƙarshen "-en" zuwa schwa. Sabili da haka, Kölsch plurals sau da yawa suna kama da Standard German singulars, misali, std. "Gasse" > "Gassen", ksh. "Jass" > "Jasse" (ƙofar, ƙauyuka).
• Kölsch yana da tsarin rage yanayin, inda aka rasa asali. Ana haɗuwa da masu zargi da mai suna (sai dai tare da sunayen mutum), a mafi yawan lokuta suna ɗaukar nau'in masu suna; Standard German Der Mann造 die Straße entlang; ich Hebrew den Mann, Kölsch Der Mann läuf de Stroß elans, ich sinn der Mann. A game da adjectives, gami da sunayen sarauta, masu ƙayyadewa da labaran da ba a ƙayyade ba, Kölsch yana ɗaukar nau'in zargi; kwatanta Jamusanci na Jamusanci: "Mein Mann, meine Frau"; zuwa Kölsch: "Minge Mann, ming Frau", asali *Mingen Mann, minge Frau, cf. Jamusanci mai zargi ya kwato Mann, meine Frau; Turanci: "Mijina, matata".
• Yawancin aikatau na yau da kullun na Jamusanci na yau da kullum suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan lokaci na yanzu a cikin Kölsch, misali aikatau ""Stain"" (= std. "stehen" da Ingilishi ""don tsayawa"") an Haɗuwa su kamar haka: "ich stonn, du steihs, hä steiht, mir stonn, ehr stoht, se stonn".

Fasahar sauti

Yaren Colognian a kan alamar a kan jirgin S-Bahn. Fassara: "A ko'ina, mu Cologners muna tafiya!"

Idan aka kwatanta da yawancin sauran yarukan Jamusanci, Kölsch an rubuta shi sosai ta hanyar aikin Akademie för uns Kölsche Sproch da malamai kamar daga]-linkid="244" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template Adam Wrede [de], wanda wallafe-wallafen ya haɗa da ƙamus, ƙamus da littattafan kalmomi iri-iri. Duk da yake ba a koyar da Kölsch a makarantu ba (ko da yake akwai sau da yawa hadayu na waje) kuma matasa da yawa ba su da umarni mai kyau game da shi, akwai gidajen wasan kwaikwayo da yawa da ke yin wasan kwaikwayo ne kawai a Kölsch, mafi mahimmanci Volkstheater Millowitsch, mai suna bayan marigayi Willy Millowitsch (1909-1999) da kuma sanannen gidan wasan kwaikwayo, Hänneschen-Theater. Har ila yau, kwanan nan an sami karuwa a cikin wallafe-wallafen da aka rubuta a cikin wannan yaren kuma duka waƙoƙin gargajiya da dutse a Kölsch suna da mashahuri sosai a ciki da bayan Cologne, musamman a kusa da Carnival, gami da ƙungiyoyi kamar Brings, Piano yana shan giya...The piano has been drinking...[de], Bläck Fööss, Höhner da sauransu. Kungiyar Kölsch rock BAP har ma tana daga cikin manyan rukunin rukuni na rukuni a Jamus. Wani abu mai ban sha'awa shine amfani da ko dai yaren Kölsch mai ruwa ko kuma yankin Rhinelandic ta mutanen talabijin na Jamus, musamman 'yan wasan kwaikwayo kamar daga]-linkid="263" data-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"Interlanguage link","href":"./Template:Interlanguage_link"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"Gabi Köster"},"2":{"wt":"de"}},"i":0}}]}' data-mw-i18n='{"title":{"lang":"x-page","key":"red-link-title","params":["Gabi Köster"]}}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="./Gabi_Köster?action=edit&redlink=1" id="mwAVo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Gabi Köster" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:LocalizedAttrs">Gabi Köster da sauransu.[de]

Addu'ar Ubangiji a Kölsch

Wannan wani nau'i ne na kwanan nan, kuma na zamani, na Addu'ar Ubangiji a cikin Colognian, na Jean Jenniches (1894-1979).

Lura bene: Wannan ba na zahiri ba ne, amma fassarar fasaha ce ta Addu'ar Ubangiji.

Vatterunser

Leeve Herrjott, hellich ess Dinge Name.
Vum Himmel us rejeers Do et janze Weltall
noh Dingem Welle.
Wie ne Vatter sorgs Do för de Minschheit,
die he op de Äd Di Rich erwaden deit.
Vill Nut es en der Welt, dröm bedde mer:
maach doch, dat keine Minsch mieh muss
Hunger ligge.
Nemm vun uns alle Sündeschold,
domet och jederein ess jnädich de eije
Schöldner.
Helf Do uns, dat meer alle Versökunge
widderstonn,
un halt alles vun uns fähn, wat unsem
iwije Heil schade künnt.

Amen.

Lura bene: Wannan ba na zahiri ba ne, amma fassarar fasaha ce ta Addu'ar Ubangiji.

Our Father

Dear Lord God, holy is Your Name.
From the heavens You rule all the universe
according to Your will.
Like a father you care for humanity,
which awaits Your Kingdom here on Earth.
There is much need in the world, and thus we pray:
Make it so that no person should have to
suffer hunger anymore.
Take from us our debts,
so that every one of us is merciful to
his own debtors.
Help us to withstand all temptation,
and keep everything that could harm our
eternal salvation.

Amen.

Dubi kuma

• Yaren Aachen (Öcher Platt)
• Yaren Bonn (Bönnsch)
• Rashin Colognian
• Harshe na Colognian
• Funan Colognian