Yaren Grass Koiari

Yaren Grass Koiari
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Papuan Trans–New Guinea (en) Koiarian (en) Yaren Grass Koiari
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	kbk
Glottolog	gras1249

Grass Koiari (Koiali) yare ne na Papua New Guinea wanda ake magana a yankin Port Moresby. Ba ta da kusanci sosai da sauran yaren da ke da sunanta, Mountain Koiali .An dauke shi harshe ne mai barazana.

Yawancin masu magana suna cikin yankin arewa maso gabashin Port Moresby, wasu suna cikin kogin Hunter da Musgrave da kuma a cikin ƙauyukan Motu na Tubuseleia, Barakau, da Gaile.

Harsuna

Koiari yana da manyan yaruka guda biyu, yaren Yamma da yaren Gabas, wanda kuma ya kasu kashi biyu, yarukan arewa maso gabas da kudu maso gabas.

Harsunan suna raba ilimin sauti da ƙamus tare da wasu ƙananan bambance-bambance.

Ana iya bayyana ilimin sauti na Grass Koiari a matsayin mai sauƙi; yana da dukkan sassan budewa, kuma ba shi da wasula da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyi masu rikitarwa.

Fonoems

Sautin sautin

	gaba	tsakiya	baya
sama	i		u
tsakiya	da kuma		o
ƙasa		a

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

		Biyuwa	Alveolar	Velar	Gishiri
Dakatar da	ba tare da murya ba		t	k
	murya	b	d	g
Fricative	ba tare da murya ba	f	s		h
	murya	v
Hanci		m	n
Mai motsi			r
Semivowel			da kuma

Tsarin sautin

Nau'ikan sassan guda biyu da ke faruwa sune V (vowel) da CV (consonant-vowel). Ana fassara jerin wasula a matsayin glides maimakon diphthongs. Babu sassan da aka rufe ko tarin sassan da ke nan.

Morphophonemics

Sauye-sauyen Morphophonemic sun ɓace daga cikin harshe, kodayake akwai ka'idojin samar da ma'auni da ma'ana lokacin da aka kara suffixes.

Dokokin morphophonemic wajibi ne kuma kamar haka:

1. A cikin aikatau tare da ƙayyadaddun da suka fara da ma'ana, wasula ta ƙarshe ta canza zuwa /i/; ban da idan wasula ta karshe ita ce /u/ ko ƙayyadadden sun fara da /n/ ko /r/. A wannan yanayin babu wani canji.
2. Lokacin da tushe ya riga ya fara da wasula, an cire wasula ta ƙarshe ta tushe, ban da wasu lokuta.

Dokokin samar da ma'auni ba tilas ba ne, ka'idojin yanayi da aka yi amfani da su ga masu magana.

1. A lokuta inda aka haye iyakokin kalma, ana cire wasula na ƙarshe kafin wasula na farko. Ana amfani da wannan sosai lokacin da ake amfani da masu nunawa, sunayen mutum, wasu ƙayyadaddun, da sake maimaitawa. Ba ya aiki ga kalmomin monosyllabic ko kuma lokacin da wasula na ƙarshe da na farko iri ɗaya.
   • misali 'ata 'eke (wannan mutumin) ya zama a''ata'eke.ya yi kama da shi.
2. A wasu kalmomi ko mahalli, an cire ma'anar bilabial da /r/.
   • misali gurama (zauna ƙasa) ya zama guama.

Damuwa da sautin

Damuwa tana da sauti amma ka'idojin sanyawa na iya bambanta daga kalma zuwa kalma.

Kalmomin suna da dokoki daban-daban na jaddadawa idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'ikan kalmomi; ana jaddada su dangane da ko suna da gaskiya ko kuma waɗanda aka samo su da kuma waɗanne ƙayyadaddun suna nan. Gabaɗaya, ana sanya damuwa a cikin asalin asalin su sannan syllable ɗin da ke dauke da ma'anar ƙarshe.

A cikin tushen mono ko disyllabic, ana sanya damuwa a kan syllable na farko. A cikin tushen trisyllabic, ana sanya damuwa a kan syllable a cikin ma'anar ƙarshe, ko kuma idan ba a kasance ba, syllable na farko. A cikin tushen da ke dauke da kalmomi huɗu ko fiye, ana sanya damuwa a kan duka syllable na farko da syllable a cikin ma'anar ƙarshe.

Mai magana yana shafar sautin jumla; abubuwan biyu sune hutu na gwaji da kuma amfani da ka'idojin samar da ma'auni.

Sautin da ya dace

Akwai alamu shida masu banbanci na intonation, kuma ana iya bayyana su ta hanyar pre-nuclear da nukiliya da matakan 4 na farar; tare da 1 shine mafi girma kuma 4 shine mafi ƙasƙanci.

1. Tsarin lissafi
   • high prenuclear; sauka zuwa matakin 3; tsarin nukiliya
2. Tsarin tambaya
   • matakin 2 kafin nukiliya; sauka zuwa matakin 3
3. Magana da amsoshin tambayoyi - tsari
   • 2/3 maimaitawar tsarin nukiliya; 2-3/4 nukiliya
4. Yanayin da ya dace
   • matakin 2 OR; matakin 2 - matakin 3 - matakin 4
5. Ci gaba da tsari
   • matakin 1
6. Tsayar da tsari mai mahimmanci
   • matakin farko mai girma 2; mataki zuwa ƙasa matakin 2;