Yaren Sakao

Yaren Sakao
Dangin harshen	Austronesian (en) ; Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Nuclear Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Harsunan Malay-Polynesian na Tsakiya da Gabas; Eastern Malayo-Polynesian (en) ; Oceanic (en) ; Central–Eastern Oceanic (en) ; Southern Oceanic (en) ; North and Central Vanuatu (en) ; Yaren Sakao; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	sku
Glottolog	saka1289

Sakao (kuma Nkep ko Nekep) yare ne na Oceanic da ake magana a arewa maso gabashin Espiritu Santo, Vanuatu .

Sunan

Sakao shine sunan yaren kamar yadda baƙi da masu ilimin harshe ke amfani da shi. An sanya masa suna ne bayan Tsibirin Sakao, wani tsibiri a arewa maso gabashin Espiritu Santo, kusan a gaban Port-Olry. (Ba zato ba tsammani, wannan ba sunan asalin wannan tsibirin ba ne, wanda masu magana da Sakao ke kira Laðhi. Sunan sakau yana nufin 'kogi na murjani' a cikin harsuna daban-daban na Vanuatu, amma ba a san ainihin wanda ya ba da sunansa ga tsibirin ba.)

Masu magana da Sakao suna magana da yarensu ta amfani da sunaye daban-daban, dangane da iri-iri da aka yi la'akari

Sakao ya sami canji mai yawa da sababbin abubuwa, wanda ya sa ba a fahimta ga maƙwabtanta masu alaƙa da Espiritu Santo. Shaida daga yarukan biyu, duk da haka, ya nuna cewa sabon abu ya faru kwanan nan, watakila a cikin karni na ƙarshe. Don haka alal misali, kwatanta kalmomin da ke biyowa tare da ma'anarsu a cikin dangi na kusa Tolomako:

	Sakao	Tolomako
"Lauye"	Girma	a cikin ɣutu
"Kokoki"	Arewa	a ko'ina
"hudu"	Sanyawa	βati
"don busawa"	hy	suβi

Babban yaruka Sakao sune Arewa, ko yaren Port-Olry, da Kudancin, ko yarin Hog-Harbour. Yaren Kudancin shine mafi ra'ayin mazan jiya. Ana nuna shi ta hanyar asarar mafi yawan wasula na pretonic da posttonic, wanda ke haifar da tarin sassan da ba a saba gani ba ga harshen Oceanic. Yaren Arewa yana da alaƙa da yawan amfani da wasula na epenthetic, waɗanda suka sami matsayi na phonemic, wanda ya haifar da abin da ya yi kama da jituwa na wasula; asarar '*n-' na farko na sunaye, sai dai a cikin sunayen monosyllabic (wannan *n- kasancewa mai nuna alamar Australiya ta yau da kullun *na, an haɗa shi da sunayen a Sakao); da kuma diphthongization na wasu wasula na ƙarshe.

Don haka misali Port-Olry yana da /œmœɣœɛ/ "fog, mist" inda Hog-Harbour ke da /nmɣœ/ .

Sai dai idan an nuna in ba haka ba, misalai da aka bayar a nan suna cikin Arewa, Port-Olry, yaren.

Fasahar sauti

Sautin Sakao (ƙananan)
	A gaba Ba a kewaye shi ba	A gaba<br id="mwTQ">	Komawa Gidan da aka yi
Kusa	i	da kuma	u
Tsakanin Tsakiya	da kuma	ø	o
Bude-tsakiya	ɛ	ya	Owu
Bude	a		ɒ

Bugu da ƙari, Sakao yana da wasula ta kusa /ɨ/ wanda ba a bayyana shi ba don zama zagaye ko ba a zagaye ba, gaba ko baya, kuma koyaushe ba a matsa masa ba. Har ila yau, yana da diphthongs guda biyu /œɛ, ɒɔ/, yayin da Tolomako ba shi da wani.

Sakamakon Sakao
	Labari	Dental	Alveolar	Dorsal	Gishiri
Hanci	m		n	ŋ
Plosive	p		t	k
Fricative	β	ð	s	ɣ	h
Kusanci	w		l	j
Tap			ɾ
Trill			Rubuce-rubuce

Bugu da kari, sautunan Sakao na iya zama tsawo ko gajere: /œβe/ "drum", /œββe/ ""bed"

Ba a bayyana ba idan Sakao ma yana da sassan; wato, ko ƙoƙarin raba kalmomin Sakao zuwa sassan ma'ana yana yiwuwa. Idan haka /i/, sautin Sakao zai bayyana ya zama V (wasula ko diphthong) kewaye da kowane adadin consonants: V / i / "Kai", CCVCCCC (?) //mhɛrtpr/ / "ya yi waka kuma ya daina waka ka yi shiru" [m- 2nd pers., heert "don raira waƙa", -p -r, -r ci gaba].

Harshen harshe

Adadin

Kamar Tolomako, Sakao ya bambanta lambobi huɗu don sunayensa. Koyaya, ba su da mutum ɗaya, biyu, gwaji, jam'i, amma guda ɗaya, biyu. Sakao paucal ya samo asali ne daga gwajin Tolomako, don haka Tolomako i ɣire-tolu "su uku", Sakao Maurœl "su, daga uku zuwa goma" (ðœl ana iya samo shi akai-akai daga tolu). Ɗaya ya ce a cikin Sakao Janar'l冬 "ɗansu biyar" wanda shine, a cikin ma'anar, "su uku, biyar".

Substantives are not inflected for number, except kinship terms which distinguish singular and plural: ðjœɣ "my mother/aunt," rðjœɣ "my aunts;" walðyɣ "my child," raalðyɣ "my children." Likewise all demonstratives (pronouns, adjectives, even locatives): wa "this one," warɨr "these ones;" aðœŋœn mam "this person," aðœŋœn mamɨr "these persons;" ðað "here," ðaðɨr "in several places around here."

Barin

Sakao yana da sunayen da Ba za a iya cirewa ba, da yawa daga cikinsu ba bisa ka'ida ba ne:

Manazarta

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Sakao". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

[Glottolog-1] Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Yaren Sakao". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

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