Yaren Swahili

Harshen Swahili Kiswahili كِسوَحِيلِ Lafazin Swahili: [kiswɑˈhili] ⓘ 'Yan asali zuwa kasar Tanzaniya, Kenya, Mozambique, Comoros, Mayotte, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, gabashin Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, tsibirin Bajuni (bangaren Somalia), kudancin kasar Somaliya (duba yaren Bravanese), Malawi. , Madagascar, da Oman Kabilanci Swahili Masu magana L1: miliyan 5.3 (2019-2023) L2: miliyan 200 (2019-2021) Iyalin harshe Niger – Kongo Atlantic - Kongo Volta-Congo Benue – Kongo Bantoid Kudancin Bantoid Bantu Arewa maso Gabas Bantu Northeast Coast Bantu Sabaki Harshen Swahili Siffar farko Proto-Swahili Yaruka Bafarawa Bajuni Kongo Swahili Makwe Mwani Sidi Socotra † Tsarin rubutu Rubutun Latin ( haruffan Swahili na Roman) Rubutun Larabci (haruffan Swahili Larabci) Harshen Swahili Braille Matsayin hukuma Harshen hukuma a cikin Kasashe 4

Tanzaniya
Rwanda
Kenya
Uganda

Ƙungiyoyi

Tarayyar Afirka
Al'ummar Gabashin Afirka
Ƙungiyar Ci gaban Afirka ta Kudu

Gane tsiraru harshe in

Angola
Burundi
DR Congo
Mozambique
Zambiya

An tsara ta Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa (Tanzaniya) Chama cha Kiswahili cha Taifa (Kenya) Baraza la Kiswahili la Afrika Mashariki (Uganda) Lambobin harshe ISO 639-1 TS EN ISO 639-2 TS EN ISO 639-3 swa - Lambobin haɗawa Lambobin guda ɗaya: swc - Kongo Swahili swh - Swahili Coastal ymk - Makwe (?) wmw - Muwani (?) Glottolog swah1254 Lambar code G.42–43; G.40.A-H (pidgins & creoles) Harshe 99-AUS-m

Yankin yanki-mulkin Swahili. Duhu: kewayon asali (Gaɓar tekun Swahili). Koren matsakaici: Mafi rinjaye suna magana tare da harsunan asali. Kore mai haske: ƴan tsiraru ke magana. Wannan labarin ya ƙunshi alamun sautin IPA. Ba tare da ingantaccen tallafi ba, zaku iya ganin alamun tambaya, kwalaye, ko wasu alamomin maimakon haruffa Unicode. Don jagorar gabatarwa akan alamomin IPA, duba Taimako: IPA. Swahili, wanda kuma aka sani da sunan gida Kiswahili, yaren Bantu ne da asalin Swahili ke magana, waɗanda galibi ana samun su a Tanzaniya, Kenya, da Mozambik (a gefen gabar tekun Gabashin Afirka da tsibiran da ke kusa). Ƙididdiga na adadin masu jin Swahili, gami da na asali da masu jin yare na biyu, sun bambanta sosai. Gabaɗaya suna daga miliyan 150 zuwa miliyan 250; tare da yawancin masu magana da harshensa da ke zaune a Tanzaniya.

Swahili yana da adadi mai yawa na lamuni daga wasu harsuna, galibi Larabci, da na Fotigal, Ingilishi da Jamusanci. Kusan kashi 40 cikin ɗari na ƙamus ɗin Swahili sun ƙunshi kalmomin lamuni na Larabci, gami da sunan harshen (سَوَاحِلي sawāḥilī, nau'in sifa na kalmar larabci mai ma'ana 'na bakin teku'). Kalmomin lamuni sun samo asali ne daga zamanin hulɗa tsakanin ƴan kasuwa Larabawa da mazauna Bantu mazauna gabar gabashin Afirka, wanda kuma shine lokacin da Swahili ya bayyana a matsayin yare a yankin.

Rabe-Rabe

Swahili yaren Bantu ne na reshen Sabaki. A cikin rarrabuwar yanki na Guthrie, Swahili yana cikin yankin Bantu G, yayin da sauran yarukan Sabaki suke a yankin E70, galibi a ƙarƙashin sunan Nyika. Masana ilimin harshe na tarihi suna ganin tasirin Larabci akan Swahili yana da mahimmanci, tunda yana ɗaukar kusan kashi 15% na ƙamus ɗinsa kai tsaye daga Larabci, kuma Larabawa yan kasuwa bayi ne suka yada shi a gabar tekun gabashin Afirka.

Tarihi

Swahili a cikin rubutun Larabci — farantin tunawa a Babban Monument na Askari, Dar es Salaam (1927) Etymology Kalmar 'Swahili' ta fito ne daga sunan Larabci na yankin, ma'ana "baki":

سَاحِل → سَوَاحِل → سَوَاحِلِيّ sahil sawāhil sawāhili "Coast" "coasts" (karshe jam'i) "na bakin teku"