Yaren yankjn Zenaga

Yaren yankjn Zenaga
'Yan asalin magana	200 (2018)
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Afirka da Asiya Abzinanci Western Berber / Amazigh (en) Yaren Zenaga
Baƙaƙen rubutu	Harshen Larabci na Berber
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-2	zen
ISO 639-3	zen
Glottolog	zena1248

Zenaga (autonym) yare ne na Amazigh da dubban mutane ke magana a Mauritania da arewacin Senegal. Ana magana da Zenaga Amazigh a matsayin yaren uwa daga garin Mederdra a kudu maso yammacin Mauritania zuwa gabar tekun Atlantic da arewacin Senegal. Gwamnatin Mauritania ta amince da yaren.

Yana raba tsarin harshe na asali tare da wasu maganganun Amazigh a Maroko da Aljeriya, amma takamaiman fasalulluka sun bambanta sosai. A zahiri, Zenaga tabbas shine mafi yawan harshen Amazigh da ya tsira, tare da tsarin sauti daban-daban wanda aka yi nisa da canje-canjen sauti kamar /l / > /dj / da /x / / /, da kuma yawan tsayar da ba tare da masu ba da labari a wasu nau'ikan Amazigh waɗanda aka fassara su a matsayin kawai masu tsira na Proto-Berber *ʔ .

Sunan Zenaga ya fito ne daga na wata kabila mafi girma ta tsohuwar Amazigh, Iznagen (Iẓnagen), waɗanda aka sani a Larabci da Sanhaja . Adrian Room's African Placenames ya ba da Zenaga derivations ga wasu sunayen wurare a Mauritania.

Yawan jama'a

Zenaga yare ne wanda ya fito ne daga ƙungiyar Sanhaja wacce ta mallaki yawancin Arewacin Afirka a farkon Zamanin Tsakiya. An taɓa magana da Zenaga a ko'ina cikin Mauritania da bayan amma ya faɗi cikin raguwa lokacin da Larabawa Maqil masu mamayewa suka ci nasara a Yaƙin Char Bouba na karni na 17. Bayan wannan yaƙin, an hana su ɗaukar makamai kuma sun zama ƙwararru a cikin ilimin addinin Islama ko bayin kabilun da suka fi iko. Ya kasance daga cikin tsoffin, mafi girman rukuni wanda Zenaga ya tsira mafi tsawo.

A cikin 1940 (Dubié 1940), kimanin mutane 13,000 ne ke magana da Zenaga daga cikin kabilun makiyaya guda huɗu da aka rarraba a yankin da ke kusa da Saint-Louis, Podor, Boutilimit da Nouakchott (amma ba tare da ɗayan waɗannan biranen ba):

Wadannan kabilun, a cewar Dubié, a al'adance sun kware a ilimin addinin Islama kuma sun jagoranci salon rayuwa mai zaman kansa, suna kware a cikin tumaki da shanu (rassan kiwo na raƙuma na kabilun nan sun riga sun sauya zuwa Larabci). Ko da a lokacin, masu magana da yawa suna canzawa zuwa Hassaniya Larabci, babban nau'in Larabci da ake magana a Mauritania, kuma duk suna da harsuna biyu. An yi amfani da Zenaga ne kawai a cikin kabilar, kuma an dauke shi rashin mutunci don yin magana lokacin da wadanda ba masu magana ba suka kasance; wasu masu magana da gangan sun guji amfani da Zenhague tare da 'ya'yansu, suna fatan ba su farawa a Hassaniya. Koyaya, masu magana da yawa sun ɗauki Zenaga a matsayin alama ce ta 'yancin kansu da himma ta addini; Dubie ya yi nuni da karin magana na Hassaniya: "Mawor wanda ke magana da Zenaga tabbas ba Zenagui ba ne (wato, laḥma ko memba na kabilar Amazigh da Larabawa Beni Hassan suka mamaye ), ko kuma jarumi".

Bayan rabin karni, an ruwaito cewa adadin masu magana ya kai kusan 2,000. Duk da yake Zenaga ya bayyana yana kusa da halaka, Hassaniya Larabci ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na kalmomin aro na Zenaga (fiye da 10% na ƙamus).