Yarjejeniya don dakile safarar mutane da kuma cin zarafin wasu.
 | |
| Iri | yarjejeniya |
|---|---|
| Bangare na |
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 317 (en)  |
| Kwanan watan | 21 ga Maris, 1950 |
| Coming into force (en) | 25 ga Yuli, 1951 |
| Ƙasa | Honduras |
| Depositary (en) |
United Nations Secretary-General (en) |
Babban taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya amince da yarjejeniyar hana zirga-zirga a cikin mutane da kuma cin zarafin wasu a ranar 2 ga Disamba 1949, [2] kuma ta fara aiki a ranar 25 ga Yuli 1951. Gabatarwar ta ce:
“Duk da cewa karuwanci da munanan ababen da ke tattare da zirga-zirgar mutane don yin karuwanci ba su dace da mutunci da kimar dan Adam ba kuma suna jefa rayuwar mutum, iyali da kuma al’umma cikin hadari.
Tun daga watan Disamba 2013, jihohi 82 ne suka halarci taron (duba taswira). Wasu karin jihohi 13 ne suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar, amma har yanzu ba su amince da shi ba.[1]
Yarjejeniyar ta maye gurbin wasu yarjejeniyoyin da aka yi a baya wadanda suka shafi wasu bangarori na karuwanci. Ana tuhumar masu sanya hannu kan wajibai guda uku a karkashin yarjejeniyar 1949: haramcin fataucin, takamaiman matakan gudanarwa da aiwatarwa, da matakan zamantakewa da aka yi nufin fataucin mutane. Yarjejeniyar 1949 ta gabatar da sauyi guda biyu dangane da matsalar fataucin, ta yadda ake kallon karuwai a matsayin wadanda masu sayen kayayyaki ke fama da su, kuma ta haka ne ya kauce wa kalmomin “fararen bayi” da “mata”, ta yin amfani da yare na farko da launin fata- da kuma yare tsakanin jinsi. Don faɗuwa a ƙarƙashin tanadin yarjejeniyar 1949, fataucin ba dole ba ne ya ketare layin duniya.[2]
Tanadi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yarjejeniyar[4] tana buƙatar jam’iyyun jihohi su hukunta duk wani mutumin da ya “saya, ya yaudari, ko ya tafi da shi, don dalilai na karuwanci, wani mutum, ko da tare da izinin wannan mutumin ... yana cin gajiyar karuwancin wani, koda da yardar wannan mutumin” (Mataki na 1), ko gudanar da gidan karuwai ko hayar masauki don dalilai na karuwanci (Mataki na 2). Hakanan ya tsara hanyoyin yaƙi da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na duniya don manufar karuwanci, gami da fitar da masu laifi.
Bugu da ƙari, ana buƙatar ƙungiyoyin jihohi su soke duk ƙa'idodin da ke ƙarƙashin karuwai "zuwa rajista na musamman ko don mallakar takarda ta musamman ko ga kowane buƙatu na musamman don kulawa ko sanarwa" (Mataki na 6). Sannan kuma, ana bukace su da su dauki matakin da ya dace na kula da hukumomin daukar ma’aikata domin hana masu neman aikin yi, musamman mata da kananan yara shiga cikin hadarin karuwanci (Mataki na 20).
Rikici tsakanin ɓangarorin da ke da alaƙa da fassarar ko aiwatar da yarjejeniyar na iya, bisa ga buƙatar kowane ɗayan waɗanda ke cikin gardama, a kai su ga Kotun Duniya (Mataki na 22).
Matsayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kasashe da dama da suka amince da yarjejeniyar sun bayyana ra'ayinsu dangane da batun mika takaddamar ga kotun ta ICJ, kuma wasu kasashen ba su amince da yarjejeniyar ko kadan ba saboda rashin amincewa da kasancewar labarin.
Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa ƙasashe da yawa ba su amince da yarjejeniyar ba shi ne cewa ya shafi karuwanci na son rai, saboda kasancewar kalmar "ko da izinin wannan mutumin" a cikin Mataki na 1. Misali, a cikin ƙasashe irin su Jamus, Netherlands, New Zealand, Girka, Turkiyya, da sauran ƙasashe, karuwanci ne na son rai.
Yarjejeniyar fataucin mutane (2000) zuwa Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da Laifukan Tsare-tsare na Ƙasashen waje ta yi amfani da ma'anar "fasiuci" daban-daban zuwa waccan a cikin yarjejeniyar 1949, [9] kuma wasu ƙasashe da yawa sun amince da su.
Cibiyar 'Yancin Dan Adam, musamman sakatariyar kungiyar aiki kan bauta, tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Cibiyar Ci Gaban Ci Gaban Jama'a da Harkokin Bil'adama na Sashen Harkokin Tattalin Arziki da Harkokin Jama'a na kasa da kasa, suna sa ido sosai kan taron.