Yarjejeniya don hanawa da kuma azabtar da fataucin mutane, musamman mata da yara

Yarjejeniya don hanawa da kuma azabtar da fataucin mutane, musamman mata da yara

UN TIP Protocol
Iri	protocol (en)
Bangare na	Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (en)
Applies to jurisdiction (en)	Japan
Depositary (en)	United Nations Secretary-General (en)

Yarjejeniyar Hana, dannewa da hukunta fataucin mutane, musamman mata da yara (kuma ana kiranta da yarjejeniyar fataucin mutane ko yarjejeniyar TIP na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ) yarjejeniya ce ga Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Laifukan Tsara Tsara . Yana daya daga cikin ka'idojin Palermo guda uku, sauran kuma shine yarjejeniya kan safarar bakin haure ta kasa, ruwa da iska da kuma yarjejeniyar hana kera makamai da safarar makamai .

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da wannan yarjejeniya a shekara ta 2000 kuma ta fara aiki a ranar 25 ga Disamba 2003. Tun daga watan Nuwamba 2022, jam’iyyu 180 ne suka amince da shi.

Ofishin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya mai yaki da miyagun kwayoyi da laifuffuka (UNODC) ne ke da alhakin aiwatar da wannan yarjejeniya. Yana ba da taimako na zahiri ga jihohi tare da tsara dokoki, samar da ingantattun dabarun yaƙi da fataucin mutane na ƙasa, da kuma taimakawa da albarkatu don aiwatar da su. A cikin Maris na 2009, UNODC ta ƙaddamar da yaƙin neman zaɓe don yaƙar fataucin mutane, don wayar da kan jama'a, da ƙarfafa shiga da kuma zaburar da aiki.

Yarjejeniyar ta sanya hannu kan amincewa da jihohi don hanawa da yaki da fataucin mutane, ba da kariya da taimaka wa wadanda fataucin ya shafa da inganta hadin gwiwa tsakanin jihohi domin cimma wadannan manufofin.

Abubuwan da ke cikin ka'idar

Yarjejeniyar ta ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

• Ma’anar fataucin mutane da fa’idar “amfana”: don a yi la’akari da fataucin mutane, wani yanayi dole ne ya cika sharudda uku: aiki (watau daukar ma’aikata), ma’ana (watau ta hanyar amfani da karfi ko yaudara) da manufa (watau domin aikin tilastawa).

"Tsarin mutane" na nufin daukar ma'aikata, sufuri, canja wuri, ajiyewa ko karbar mutane, ta hanyar barazana ko amfani da karfi ko wasu nau'ikan tilastawa, sacewa, zamba, yaudara, cin zarafin iko ko matsayi na rauni ko na bayarwa ko karbar kudade ko fa'idodi don cimma yardar wani mutum, don samun damar yin amfani da shi. Cin zarafi ya haɗa da, aƙalla, cin zarafin karuwanci na wasu ko wasu nau'o'in lalata, aikin tilastawa ko ayyuka, bauta ko ayyuka masu kama da bauta, bauta ko cire gabobi ... Yardar wanda aka azabtar da fataucin mutane zuwa ga abin da aka yi niyya da aka tsara [a sama] ba zai zama da amfani ba inda aka yi amfani da kowace hanyar da aka bayyana a sama. (Mataki na 3a, 3b)

• Bukatar jihohi su yi amfani da dokar da ta haramta fataucin mutane kamar yadda aka ayyana, aiki a matsayin mai hada baki ga sauran masu fataucin da shirya fataucin wasu (Sashe na 5)
• Samar da dawowa da karbuwar yaran da aka yi wa fataucin kan iyaka, tare da kula da lafiyarsu.
• Hana fataucin yara (wanda aka bayyana a matsayin waɗanda suke ƙasa da shekaru 18) don dalilai na cin zarafin yara ta hanyar kasuwanci (CSEC), ayyukan ƙwazo, ko cire sassan jiki.
• Tabbatar da cewa ma'anar fataucin suna nuna buƙatar kariya ta musamman da kulawa ga yara, gami da kariyar doka da ta dace
• Tabbatar da cewa ba a hukunta waɗanda aka yi safarar su da wani laifi ko wasu ayyuka da suka shafi fataucin su, kamar karuwanci da keta haddin shige da fice.
• Tabbatar da cewa waɗanda aka yi fataucin sun sami kariya daga kora ko dawowa inda akwai dalilai masu ma'ana don zargin cewa irin wannan dawowar na iya wakiltar babban haɗarin tsaro ga wanda aka yi fatauci ko danginsu.
• Yin la'akari da zama na ɗan lokaci ko na dindindin a cikin ƙasashen wucewa ko makoma don fataucin waɗanda abin ya shafa don musanya shaida kan masu fataucin da ake zargi, ko bisa dalilai na jin kai da tausayi.
• Samar da kwace kayan aiki da kudaden fataucin da laifukan da za a yi amfani da su don amfanin masu fataucin su.
• Shirye-shiryen warware takaddama tsakanin Jam'iyyun Jiha (Mataki na 15).

Matakin yanki na yaki da fataucin bil'adama

A Warsaw a ranar 16 ga Mayu 2005, an buɗe taron Majalisar Turai game da Haƙƙin Fataucin Bil Adama don shiga. Babban taron ya kafa ƙungiyar kwararru kan matakan yaƙi da fataucin bil adama (GRETA) waɗanda ke sa ido kan aiwatar da yarjejeniyar ta hanyar rahotannin ƙasa. Kasashe 45 na Turai ne suka amince da shi (ya zuwa watan Janairun 2016), yayin da wata kasa daya (Turkiyya) ta sanya hannu amma har yanzu ba ta amince da shi ba.

Ana tabbatar da ƙarin kariya ta hanyar Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Turai kan Kare Yara daga Cin Duri da Cin Duri da Jima'i ( Lanzarote, 25 Oct 2007).

Bugu da kari, Kotun Turai ta kare hakkin dan Adam ta Majalisar Turai da ke Strasbourg ta zartar da hukuncin da ya shafi fataucin bil'adama wanda ya keta wajibai a karkashin yarjejeniyar Turai kan 'Yancin Dan Adam : Siliadin v Faransa, hukuncin 26 Yuli 2005, da Rantsev v Cyprus da Rasha, hukunci na 7 Janairu 2010.