Yarjejeniyar Butre
 | |
| Iri | yarjejeniya |
|---|---|
| Kwanan watan | 27 ga Augusta, 1656 |
| Wuri | Butre, Ghana |
Signatory (en)  |
Dutch Republic (en) |
An sanya hannu kan Yarjejeniyar Butre tsakanin Netherlands da Ahanta a Butre (haruffan tarihi: Boutry), Dutch Gold Coast a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 1656. Yarjejeniyar ta tsara ikon Netherlands da Kamfanin Yammacin Yammacin Indiya a kan garin Butre da kewayenta. Ƙasar Upper Ahanta, ta samar da kariya ta Dutch akan yankin. Yarjejeniyar ta kasance har zuwa lokacin da Dutch ta tashi daga Gold Coast a watan Afrilu shekara ta 1872.
Bayan Fage[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kasar Ahanta, wacce a yanzu ake kira Yankin Yammacin Jamhuriyar Ghana, ta kunshi ikon yanki a cikin tsarin hadin gwiwar manyan masarautu wanda ya fara hulda da kasashen Turai da ke zaune a gabar Tekun Gold don manufar kasuwanci.[1].
A tsakiyar karni na goma sha bakwai Kamfanin Dutch West India Company da Kamfanin Sweden na Afirka sun kasance masu fafatawa a yankin Ahanta na Gold Coast. Yaren mutanen Holland sun kasance suna aiki a Athana kuma suna zama a makwabciyar Axim tun shekara ta 1642, Yaren mutanen Sweden a Butre tun daga shekara 1650. Ƙasashen Turai sun haɗa kai da ƙasashe da sarakuna na Afirka don samun madafan iko a yankin.
A cikin ƙoƙarinsu na kawar da Yaren mutanen Sweden daga Butre, Dutch ɗin sun ƙulla ƙawancen dabaru daban -daban tare da sarakunan Ahanta da jihar Encasser, ƙungiyar siyasa wacce ba a san kaɗan ba.[2]
Bayan mutanen Holland sun kori mutanen Sweden daga Butre, babban darektan Kamfanin Dutch West India Company, tare da hedkwatarsa a St. George d'Elmina a tsakiyar Gold Coast, ya yanke shawarar cewa zai zama da fa'ida a tattauna yarjejeniya da 'yan siyasa na cikin gida. jagoranci don kafa dangantakar lumana mai dorewa. Shugabannin Ahanta sun ga yana da fa'ida iri ɗaya don shiga irin wannan yarjejeniya. Yarjejeniyar ta shekara 1656 ta nuna alamar canji a cikin ikon Turai a yankin har zuwa 1872.[3][4]
Yarjejeniyar da sharuɗɗan kariya sun zama tsayayyu, mai yiwuwa a wani ɓangare saboda Dutch bai taɓa yin niyyar tsoma baki cikin lamuran jihohin Ahanta ba. Wato, ban da garin Butre, inda suka gina katangar (Sansanin Batenstein). Ana iya fassara yarjejeniyar a matsayin yarjejeniya ta abokantaka da haɗin kai, maimakon yarjejeniya da ta kafa matsayinta na ɗan ƙasar Holland. Yaren mutanen Holland sun yi aiki tare tare da sarkin yankin, wanda shi ma ya kasance na biyu a cikin jagorancin siyasa na abin da aka sani da Masarautar Ahanta kuma yana da babban birninta a kusa da garin Busua na bakin teku.[3][5][6]
A shekara ta 1837 sarkin Ahanta, Baidoo Bonsoe II (Badu Bonsu II), ya yi tawaye ga gwamnatin Holland kuma ya kashe jami'ai da dama, ciki har da mukaddashin gwamna Hendrik Tonneboeijer. Gwamnatin Holan ta yi amfani da yarjejeniyar a matsayin tushen aikin soji kuma an aika da rundunar bincike zuwa Ahanta. A yakin da ya biyo bayan Sarki Baidoo Bonsoe II an kashe shi. Yaren mutanen Holland sun sake tsara jihar Ahanta, bayan tawaye, sun nada sarkin Butre a matsayin mai mulki, tare da sanya kasar cikin iko tare da fadada sojoji da farar hula.[7]
Lokacin da Yaren mutanen Holland suka canza kayansu a bakin Tekun Gold zuwa ga Birtaniyya a ranar 6 ga watan Afrilu shekara ta 1872, yarjejeniyar shekara ta 1656 har yanzu tana aiki, bayan da ta tsara dangantakar siyasa tsakanin Dutch da Ahanta sama da shekaru 213. Yarjejeniyar tana ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsufa kuma ɗaya daga cikin dogayen yarjejeniyoyin aiki tsakanin wata ƙasa ta Afirka da Turai.[5]
Tare da mallakar Dutch, Burtaniya ta karɓi duk wajibai na doka gami da yarjejeniyoyin da kwangilolin da ake da su. Bayan canja wurin turawan Burtaniya sun fara haɓaka manufofin su game da mallakar Gold Coast na yanzu. Ahanta ya yi tsayayya da mulkin Birtaniyya, tare da sakamakon cewa Sojojin Ruwa na Burtaniya sun jefa bam a Butre a cikin shekara ta 1873 don cimma wata biyayya ta siyasa. A cikin shekara ta 1874 Biritaniya ta ayyana gabaɗaya Tekun Gold - ciki har da Ahanta - Masarautar Sarauta, de jure da de facto ta kawo ƙarshen duk tsoffin wajibai na diflomasiyya da na doka.[5].
Abun ciki[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Taken[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Yarjejeniyar mai taken "Sadaukar da Ahanta da Butre" (Opdracht van Hooghanta ende Boutry), wanda nan take yake nuna yanayin kwangilar, wato kafa wata kariya.[3][6]
Wuri da kwanan wata[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Ahanta da wakilan Dutch sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar a Butre a ranar 27 ga watan Agusta shekara ta 1656 kuma ta fara aiki nan take.[6]
Abokan kwangila[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Bangarorin da suka yi kwangilar a ɓangaren Dutch sun kasance: Kamfanin Yammacin Yammacin Indiya, don kansa, kuma ta hanyar babban daraktan ta wanda ke wakiltar Janar na Jihohi, ikon mulkin ƙasar, ga Jamhuriyar United Netherlands.[3] Wadanda suka sanya hannu sune Eduard Man, mai kula da kasafin kudi, da Adriaan Hoogenhouck, kwamishina a hidimar Kamfanin Dutch West India Company.[6]
Abokan kwangila a gefen Ahanta sune Cubiesang, Aloiny, Ampatee da Maniboy, "sarakunan ƙasar Anta". Hakanan su ne suka sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar, tare da Ladrou, Azizon, Guary, da Acha. An ambaci Harman van Saccondé, Menemé, da Rochia, "kyaftin na Boutry" a matsayin ƙarin ɓangarori a cikin yarjejeniyar, kuma sun tabbatar da yarjejeniyar, tare da Tanoe.[3][6]
Sharuɗɗa[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Kasancewar sadaukar da kai, yarjejeniyar ta kasance mai dunkulewa ɗaya cikin sharuɗɗan ta. Ahanta ya baiyana cewa ganin tsohuwar kyakkyawar alaƙa da gwamnatin Holan da aka kafa a baya a makwabciyar Axim, kuma dangane da mummunan yanayin da yaƙin da Encasser ya haifar, an yanke shawarar gayyatar babban daraktan Dutch a Elmina don zuwa Butre kuma "yarda da mallakar abin da aka ba shi". Ahanta ta sanya kanta a ƙarƙashin kariyar duka Janar na United Netherlands da Kamfanin Yammacin Indiya na Dutch. Anyi hakan ne da sharadin cewa mutanen Holland sun ƙarfafa da kuma kare wuraren da suke ƙarƙashin kariyar su, kuma sun kiyaye Ahanta daga haɗarin yaƙi.[3][6]
Duba kuma[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Yarjejeniyar Asebu (1612)
- Yarjejeniyar Axim (1642)
Manazarta[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- ↑ van Dantzig. Forts and castles of Ghana. pp. 21–24.
- ↑ van Dantzig. Forts and castles of Ghana. pp. 25–26.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Doortmont; Smit. Sources for the mutual history of Ghana and the Netherlands. p. 281.
- ↑ Doortmont; Smit. Sources for the mutual history of Ghana and the Netherlands. pp. 255–256.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Doortmont; Savoldi (eds.), The castles of Ghana, pp. 106–109.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 See text of treaty at Wikisource
- ↑ Doortmont; Smit. Sources for the mutual history of Ghana and the Netherlands. pp. 279, 282–283.
Adabi[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- Doortmont, Michel R.; Jinna Smit (2007). Sources for the mutual history of Ghana and the Netherlands. An annotated guide to the Dutch archives relating to Ghana and West Africa in the Nationaal Archief, 1593-1960s. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15850-4.
- van Dantzig, Albert (1981). Forts and castles of Ghana. Accra: Sedco Publishing. ISBN 9964-72-010-6.
- Doortmont, Michel R.; Savoldi, Benedetta, eds. (2006), The castles of Ghana: Axim, Butre, Anomabu. Historical and architectural research of three Ghanaian forts, Lurano: Associazione Giovanni Secco Suardo.