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Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka ga Yarjejeniyar kan Kashe Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci ga Mata

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Infotaula d'esdevenimentYarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka ga Yarjejeniyar kan Kashe Dukkanin Nuna Bambanci ga Mata
OP-CEDAW

Iri yarjejeniya
Bangare na United Nations General Assembly Resolution 54/4 (en) Fassara
Validity (en) Fassara 6 Oktoba 1999 –
Kwanan watan 6 Oktoba 1999
Coming into force (en) Fassara 20 Disamba 2000
Ranar wallafa 15 Oktoba 1999
Wuri New York
Depositary (en) Fassara United Nations Secretariat (en) Fassara
Harshen aiki ko suna Turanci, Rashanci, Faransanci, Yaren Sifen, Classical Chinese (en) Fassara da Larabci

Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka ga Yarjejeniyar Kawar da Duk Wani nau'i na Wariya ga Mata (OP-CEDAW) yarjejeniya ce ta ƙasa da ƙasa wacce ta kafa korafe-korafe da hanyoyin bincike don Yarjejeniyar Kawar da Duk Wani nau'i na Wariya ga Mata (CEDAW). Bangarorin da ke cikin Yarjejeniyar suna ba Kwamitin Kawar da Wariya ga Mata damar sauraron korafe-korafe daga daidaikun mutane ko kuma su yi tambaya game da “cin zarafin da aka yi na tsari” na taron. Yarjejeniyar ta kai ga yanke hukunci da dama kan kasashe mambobin kungiyar kan batutuwan da suka hada da cin zarafi a cikin gida, hutun iyaye da hana haihuwa tilas, da kuma bincike kan kisan gilla da aka yi wa mata a birnin Ciudad Juárez na kasar Mexico, Chihuahua .

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da wannan yarjejeniya a ranar 6 ga Oktoba 1999, kuma tana aiki daga 22 Disamba 2000. Ya zuwa Oktoba 2023, yarjejeniyar tana da masu rattaba hannu 80 da jam'iyyu 115. [1]

Farawa

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A cikin 1979, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da Yarjejeniyar kawar da duk wani nau'i na nuna wariya ga mata (CEDAW). [2] Yarjejeniyar ta haramta wariya ga mata, amma ba ta haɗa da wata hanyar da za a iya aiwatar da wannan haramcin ta hanyar doka ba. [3]

An ba da shawarar tsarin korafe-korafe na mutum a lokacin ainihin rubutun CEDAW, amma an ƙi shi a lokacin. [4] Shekaru goma sha biyar bayan haka, sanarwar Vienna da Shirin Aiki na Babban Taron Duniya na 1993 kan Haƙƙin Dan Adam ya ba da shawarar cewa ana buƙatar sabbin hanyoyin aiwatar da yarjejeniyar, kuma ta ba da shawarar " haƙƙin koke ". [5] Ƙungiyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu zaman kansu ta samar da wani daftarin aiki a cikin 1994, [6] ƙunshi tsarin ƙararraki da tsarin bincike, kuma an amince da wannan don ƙarin nazarin da Kwamitin Kashe Wariya ga Mata a farkon 1995. ka'idar Yarjejeniyar Mata da za ta iya fara aiki da wuri." [7]

A cikin Maris 1996 Hukumar Kula da Matsayin Mata ta kafa ƙungiyar aiki mai buɗe ido don samar da daftarin tsari. [8] An bayar da rahoton baya bayan shekaru uku na shawarwari a farkon 1999. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka a ranar 6 Oktoba 1999.

Takaitawa

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Yarjejeniyar kawar da duk wani nau'i na nuna wariya ga mata, ta haramta nuna wariya a kan jinsi, kuma ta wajabta wa bangarorinta soke dokokin nuna wariya da tabbatar da daidaito a fannonin kiwon lafiya, aikin yi, da ilimi. [8] Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka yarjejeniya ce ta reshe ga yarjejeniyar. Ba ya kafa wani sabon hakki, amma yana ba da damar aiwatar da haƙƙoƙin da aka lamunce a cikin yarjejeniyar. [9]

Mataki na 1-7 ya haifar da tsarin korafe-korafe na mutum daidai da na Yarjejeniya ta Farko ta Zabin Zaɓuɓɓuka zuwa Yarjejeniyar Ƙasa ta Duniya kan 'Yancin Bil'adama da Siyasa, Yarjejeniyar Zaɓuɓɓuka ga Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Nakasassu da Mataki na 14 na Yarjejeniyar kawar da duk wani nau'i na nuna wariyar launin fata . Bangarorin sun amince su amince da cancantar kwamitin da ke yaki da cin zarafin mata na yin la'akari da korafe-korafen "ta ko a madadin" daidaikun mutane ko kungiyoyin da ke neman hakkinsu a karkashin Yarjejeniyar. Idan an gabatar da ƙara a madadin wanda aka azabtar, to wannan yana buƙatar izininsu, sai dai idan mai ƙaddamarwa zai iya ba da hujjar yin aiki ba tare da shi ba. Abin da ya zama "halatta" a cikin irin wannan harka shi ne na kwamitin. [10] Ana ganin ikon da za a gabatar da korafe-korafe a madadin wadanda abin ya shafa yana da matukar muhimmanci wajen kyale kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kamar kungiyoyin mata da kungiyoyin kare hakkin dan Adam su yi amfani da Yarjejeniyar don aiwatar da yarjejeniyar. [11]

Buɗewa da zama memba

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Shiga duniya cikin OP-CEDAW
Helena Dalli tana ƙaddamar da kayan aikin Malta na shiga OP-CEDAW a hedikwatar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a cikin Maris 2019

Jam'iyyu da dama sun yi tanadi da fassarorin fassarorinsu na aiwatar da yarjejeniyar. Bangladesh, Belize da Colombia sun yi amfani da haƙƙinsu a ƙarƙashin sashe na 10 na yarjejeniya na kin amincewa da hurumin kwamitin don gudanar da bincike kan "cin zarafin da aka yi na tsari" na taron. [1] Kolombiya ta ayyana cewa ba Yarjejeniya ko kwamitin ba za su iya buƙatar ta don yanke hukuncin "laifi kan rayuwa ko mutuncin mutum". [1]

Ba kowace jiha ce da ke jam'iyyar CEDAW ba ce jam'iyyar Protocol ba, kuma har yanzu manyan jihohi da dama sun kasance a wajen Yarjejeniyar. Amurka ba ta zama mai sanya hannu ba saboda har yanzu ba ta amince da CEDAW ba. [12] Japan ba ta shiga cikin kowane ɗayan hanyoyin sadarwar mutum don yarjejeniyar haƙƙin ɗan adam, amma a halin yanzu tana la'akari da shiga yayin lura da yadda waɗannan hanyoyin ke aiki. [13] A halin yanzu kasar Sin tana "nazarin matsalar shiga cikin Yarjejeniyar Zabi". [14]

Manazarta

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  1. 1 2 3 "Parties to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women". United Nations. Archived from the original on 11 October 2016. Retrieved 11 October 2016. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "parties" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ "Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women New York, 18 December 1979". UN OHCHR. Archived from the original on 25 August 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2009.
  3. ↑ Meron, Theodor (1990). "Enhancing the Effectiveness of the Prohibition of Discrimination Against Women". American Journal of International Law. 84 (1): 213–217. doi:10.2307/2203022. JSTOR 2203022. S2CID 147441085.
  4. ↑ Felipe Gómez Isa (2003). "The Optional Protocol for the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women: Strengthening the Protection Mechanisms of Women's Human Rights" (PDF). Arizona Journal of International and Comparative Law. 20 (2): 291–321 [305]. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 9 October 2010.
  5. ↑ "CEDAW: History of the Optional Protocol". UN Division for the Advancement of Women. Archived from the original on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 28 July 2008.
  6. ↑ "Report of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (Fourteenth Session)" (PDF). UN CEDAW. pp. 2–5. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2008.
  7. ↑ "Claiming Women's rights: the Optional Protocol to the UN Women's Convention". Amnesty International. 2001. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
  8. 1 2 "Claiming Women's rights: the Optional Protocol to the UN Women's Convention". Amnesty International. 2001. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2009. Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; name "AI-history" defined multiple times with different content
  9. ↑ "The Optional Protocol to CEDAW & its applicability "on the ground"". Association for Women's Rights in Development. 12 February 2008. Archived from the original on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 2014-05-14.
  10. ↑ MacKinnon, Catherine (2004). "CEDAW's Optional Protocol Procedures". Interights Bulletin. 14 (4): 173–174.
  11. ↑ "Claiming Women's rights: the Optional Protocol to the UN Women's Convention". Amnesty International. 2001. Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
  12. ↑ "CEDAW in the United States" (PDF). AAUW. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2010. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
  13. ↑ "Responses to the list of issues and questions with regard to the consideration of the sixth periodic report: Japan (CEDAW/C/JPN/Q/6/Add.1)" (PDF). Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. 14 April 2009. p. 65. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 5 February 2010.
  14. ↑ "Responses to the list of issues and questions for consideration of the combined fifth and sixth periodic report of China (CEDAW/C/CHN/Q/6/Add.1)" (PDF). Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women. 8 June 2006. p. 28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
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