Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Siyasa na Mata
 Yarjejeniyar kan 'Yancin Siyasa na Mata | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
convention (en)  da United Nations treaty (en) | ||||
| Bayanai | ||||
| Laƙabi | Convention on the Political Rights of Women | |||
| Ƙasa | Tarayyar Amurka | |||
| Muhimmin darasi | Haƙƙoƙin Mata | |||
| Akwai nau'insa ko fassara | Q128893398 da Q128904240 | |||
| Mawallafi | General Assembly of the United Nations | |||
| Ranar wallafa | 20 Disamba 1952 | |||
| Harshen aiki ko suna | Turanci | |||
| Kwanan wata | 20 Disamba 1952 | |||
| Effective date (en) | 7 ga Yuli, 1954 | |||
| Depositary (en) | United Nations Secretariat (en) | |||
| Approved by (en) | General Assembly of the United Nations | |||
| Wuri | ||||
| ||||
Yarjejeniyar 'Yancin Siyasa ta Mata (CPRW) yarjejeniya ce ta Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da ta kafa daidaiton 'yancin siyasa ga maza da mata. Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da shi a yayin taronta na 409 a ranar 20 ga Disamba 1952, a birnin New York . An amince da Yarjejeniyar a kan 31 Maris 1953, kuma ta fara aiki a ranar 7 ga Yuli 1954. [1]
CPRW ta sa kasashe mambobinta su kawar da wariyar jinsi da kafa ma'auni na kasa da kasa kan 'yancin siyasar mata. Yana da nufin aiwatar da ka'idojin daidaiton jinsi kamar yadda aka tsara a cikin Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wacce ta tabbatar da 'yancin kowa na shiga cikin gwamnatin kasarsu. Har ila yau Yarjejeniyar ta yi daidai da Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Dan Adam ta Duniya (1948), wadda ta jaddada yancin kowane ɗaiɗai na shiga rayuwar jama'a da siyasa.
Fage
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yunkurin neman yancin zaɓen mata ya sami ƙarfi a ƙarni na 19, wanda ya haifar da yunƙurin neman zaɓen mata a duniya a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon 20th. Koyaya, tsarin kiyaye waɗannan haƙƙoƙin ya bambanta a cikin ƙasashe. Misali, New Zealand ta ba wa mata ’yancin kada kuri’a a zabukan kasa a shekara ta 1894, yayin da mata a Philippines ba su sami wannan ‘yancin ba sai 1937.
Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, kafa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da amincewa da Yarjejeniya Ta 1945 ya kawo ƙara mai da hankali kan yancin ɗan adam, ciki har da 'yancin mata. Yarjejeniya tana nufin "tabbatar da imani ga muhimman haƙƙoƙin ɗan adam, cikin mutunci da kimar ɗan adam, da daidaiton haƙƙin maza da mata." A lokacin kafuwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, fiye da rabin kasashe 51 da suka rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar, ko dai sun tauye hakkin mata na kada kuri’a ko kuma ba su ba mata damar kada kuri’a ba.
Yarjejeniyar Kare Hakkokin Dan Adam ta Duniya ta bayyana cewa kowa na da 'yancin shiga cikin gwamnatinsa. Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan farko na Hukumar Kula da Matsayin Mata shine tsara Yarjejeniyar Haƙƙin Siyasa na Mata. Yarjejeniyar kawar da duk wani nau'i na nuna wariya ga mata (CEDAW) daga baya ya fadada akan waɗannan tarurruka na farko. Mataki na 7 na CEDAW ya ba wa mata damar yin zabe a duk zabuka da kuri'ar raba gardama na jama'a, cancantar zaɓe ga ƙungiyoyin jama'a, shiga cikin tsara manufofin gwamnati, da hulɗa da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu (NGOs) waɗanda ke da hannu a rayuwar jama'a da siyasa. [1] Mataki na 8 na CEDAW yana buƙatar ƙasashe membobin su tabbatar da cewa mata suna da daidaitattun damar wakiltar gwamnatocinsu a duniya da shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin duniya.
Duk da amincewa da haƙƙin ƙuri'a na mata a cikin doka a kusan kowace ƙasa, shingaye a aikace galibi suna hana cikar shiga siyasa. Kalubalen sun hada da rashin gudanar da sahihin zabe, da hana ‘yancin fadin albarkacin baki, da kuma rashin tsaro, wanda ke shafar mata yadda ya kamata. [1] A wasu ƙasashe, mata suna fuskantar matsaloli wajen yin rajistar jefa ƙuri'a saboda rashin muhimman takardu, kamar takaddun haihuwa ko takaddun shaida, waɗanda maza kawai za su iya samu. Ƙarin abubuwan da ke kawo cikas sun haɗa da ra'ayin jinsi, matsayin al'umma na gargajiya, taƙaitaccen damar samun bayanai, da rashin isassun kayan aiki, duk waɗannan na iya hana mata yin amfani da 'yancinsu na zabe. Haka kuma, tsarin jam’iyyun siyasa, tsadar tsayawa takara, da nauyi biyu na aiki da na iyali na ci gaba da kawo cikas. Duk da yaɗuwar amincewa da CEDAW, mata ba su da wakilci a kowane mataki na gwamnati, wanda ke nuna bambance-bambancen jinsi da ke gudana a cikin harkokin siyasa. [1]
| Participant | Signature | Ratification, Accession(a), Succession(d) |
|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 16 Nov 1966 (a) | |
| Albania | 12 May 1955 (a) | |
| Algeria | 5 Aug 2004 (a) | |
| Angola | 17 Sep 1986 (a) | |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 25 Oct 1988 (d) | |
| Argentina | 31 Mar 1953 | 27 Feb 1961 |
| Armenia | 24 Jan 2008 (a) | |
| Australia | 10 Dec 1974 (a) | |
| Austria | 19 Oct 1959 | 18 Apr 1969 |
| Bahamas | 16 Aug 1977 (d) | |
| Bangladesh | 5 Oct 1998 (a) | |
| Barbados | 12 Jan 1973 (a) | |
| Belarus | 31 Mar 1953 | 11 Aug 1954 |
| Belgium | 20 May 1964 (a) | |
| Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 9 Apr 1953 | 22 Sep 1970 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 Sep 1993 (d) | |
| Brazil | 20 May 1953 | 13 Aug 1963 |
| Bulgaria | 17 Mar 1954 (a) | |
| Burkina Faso | 9 Dec 1998 (a) | |
| Burundi | 18 Feb 1993 (a) | |
| Cambodia | 11 Nov 2001 (a) | |
| Canada | 30 Jan 1957 (a) | |
| Central African Republic | 4 Sep 1962 (d) | |
| Chile | 31 Mar 1953 | 18 Oct 1967 |
| Colombia | 5 Aug 1986 (a) | |
| Congo | 15 Oct 1962 (d) | |
| Costa Rica | 31 Mar 1953 | 25 Jul 1967 |
| Côte d'Ivoire | 18 Dec 1995 (a) | |
| Croatia | 12 Oct 1992 (d) | |
| Cuba | 31 Mar 1953 | 8 Apr 1954 |
| Cyprus | 10 Sep 1968 | 12 Nov 1968 |
| Czech Republic | 22 Feb 1993 (d) | |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 12 Oct 1977 (a) | |
| Denmark | 29 Oct 1953 | 7 Jul 1954 |
| Dominican Republic | 31 Mar 1953 | 11 Dec 1953 |
| Ecuador | 31 Mar 1953 | 23 Apr 1954 |
| Egypt | 8 Sep 1981 (a) | |
| El Salvador | 24 Jun 1953 | 26 Mar 2008 |
| Eswatini | 20 Jul 1970 (a) | |
| Ethiopia | 31 Mar 1953 | 21 Jan 1969 |
| Fiji | 12 Jun 1972 (d) | |
| Finland | 6 Oct 1958 (a) | |
| France | 31 Mar 1953 | 22 Apr 1957 |
| Gabon | 19 Apr 1967 (a) | |
| Georgia | 6 Jul 2005 (a) | |
| Germany | 4 Nov 1970 (a) | |
| Ghana | 28 Dec 1965 (a) | |
| Greece | 1 Apr 1953 | 29 Dec 1953 |
| Guatemala | 31 Mar 1953 | 7 Oct 1959 |
| Guinea | 19 Mar 1975 | 24 Jan 1978 |
| Haiti | 23 Jul 1957 | 12 Feb 1958 |
| Hungary | 2 Sep 1954 | 20 Jan 1955 |
| Iceland | 25 Nov 1953 | 30 Jun 1954 |
| India | 29 Apr 1953 | 1 Nov 1961 |
| Indonesia | 31 Mar 1953 | 16 Dec 1958 |
| Ireland | 14 Nov 1968 (a) | |
| Israel | 14 Apr 1953 | 6 Jul 1954 |
| Italy | 6 Mar 1968 (a) | |
| Jamaica | 14 Aug 1966 (a) | |
| Japan | 1 Apr 1955 | 13 Jul 1955 |
| Jordan | 1 Jul 1992 (a) | |
| Kazakhstan | 28 Mar 2000 (a) | |
| Kyrgyzstan | 10 Feb 1997 (a) | |
| Lao People's Democratic Republic | 28 Jan 1969 (a) | |
| Latvia | 14 Apr 1992 (a) | |
| Lebanon | 24 Feb 1954 | 5 Jun 1956 |
| Lesotho | 4 Nov 1974 (a) | |
| Liberia | 9 Dec 1953 | |
| Libya | 16 May 1989 (a) | |
| Luxembourg | 4 Jun 1969 | 1 Nov 1976 |
| Madagascar | 12 Feb 1964 (a) | |
| Malawi | 29 Jun 1966 (a) | |
| Mali | 16 Jul 1974 (a) | |
| Malta | 9 Jul 1968 (a) | |
| Mauritania | 4 May 1976 (a) | |
| Mauritius | 18 Jul 1969 (d) | |
| Mexico | 31 Mar 1953 | 23 Mar 1981 |
| Mongolia | 18 Aug 1965 (a) | |
| Montenegro | 23 Oct 2006 (d) | |
| Morocco | 22 Nov 1976 (a) | |
| Myanmar | 14 Sep 1954 | |
| Nepal | 26 Apr 1966 (a) | |
| Netherlands (Kingdom of the) | 8 Aug 1968, | 30 Jul 1971 |
| New Zealand | 22 May 1968 (a) | |
| Nicaragua | 17 Jan 1957 (a) | |
| Niger | 7 Dec 1964 (d) | |
| Nigeria | 11 Jul 1980 | 17 Nov 1980 |
| North Macedonia | 18 Jan 1994 (d) | |
| Norway | 18 Sep 1953 | 24 Aug 1956 |
| Pakistan | 18 May 1954 | 7 Dec 1954 |
| Papua New Guinea | 27 Jan 1982 (a) | |
| Paraguay | 16 Nov 1953 | 22 Feb 1990 |
| Peru | 1 Jul 1975 (a) | |
| Philippines | 23 Sep 1953 | 12 Sep 1957 |
| Poland | 31 Mar 1953 | 11 Aug 1954 |
| Republic of Korea | 23 Jun 1959 (a) | |
| Republic of Moldova | 26 Jan 1993 (a) | |
| Romania | 27 Apr 1954 | 6 Aug 1954 |
| Russian Federation | 31 Mar 1953 | 3 May 1954 |
| Rwanda | 26 Sep 2003 (a) | |
| Senegal | 2 May 1963 (d) | |
| Serbia | 12 Mar 2001 (d) | |
| Sierra Leone | 25 Jul 1962 (a) | |
| Slovakia | 28 May 1993 (d) | |
| Slovenia | 6 Jul 1992 (d) | |
| Solomon Islands | 3 Sep 1981 (a) | |
| South Africa | 29 Jan 1993 (a) | |
| Spain | 14 Jan 1974 (a) | |
| St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 27 Apr 1999 (d) | |
| State of Palestine | 2 Jan 2015 (a) | |
| Sweden | 6 Oct 1953 | 31 Mar 1954 |
| Tajikistan | 7 Jun 1999 (a) | |
| Thailand | 5 Mar 1954 | 30 Nov 1954 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 24 Jun 1966 (a) | |
| Tunisia | 24 Jan 1968 (a) | |
| Türkiye | 12 Jan 1954 | 26 Jan 1960 |
| Turkmenistan | 11 Oct 1999 (a) | |
| Uganda | 21 Jun 1995 (a) | |
| Ukraine | 31 Mar 1953 | 15 Nov 1954 |
| United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 24 Feb 1967 (a) | |
| United Republic of Tanzania | 19 Jun 1975 (a) | |
| United States of America | 8 Apr 1976 (a) | |
| Uruguay | 26 May 1953 | |
| Uzbekistan | 29 Sep 1997 (a) | |
| Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 31 May 1983 (a) | |
| Yemen | 9 Feb 1987 (a) | |
| Zambia | 4 Feb 1972 (a) | |
| Zimbabwe | 5 Jun 1995 (a) |
Gado
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1948, 35 ne kawai daga cikin 74 mambobi ne suka ba wa mata damar shiga harkokin siyasa daidai da na maza. Ya zuwa 1950, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da rahoton cewa har yanzu kasashe 22 ba su da tsarin da ya baiwa mata damar kada kuri'a ko rike mukamai. Daga cikin kasashen da suka aiwatar da irin wadannan tsare-tsare, akwai karancin aiwatar da doka kuma mata na fuskantar karin wasu cancantar kada kuri’a, kamar cika takamaiman shekaru ko matakan ilimi. Wannan mahallin ya ba da gudummawa ga amincewa da Yarjejeniya kan 'Yancin Siyasa na Mata (CPRW) ya fara aiki a ranar 7 ga Yuli 1954.
Yarjejeniyar ta bi hanyar Yarjejeniya ta Amirka kan Bayar da 'Yancin Siyasa ga Mata kuma ita ce dokar kasa da kasa ta farko a matakin yanki da ke kare daidaiton matsayin mata na gudanar da 'yancin siyasa. Yarjejeniyar ita ce yarjejeniya ta farko a cikin mahallin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Bugu da ƙari, ita ce yarjejeniya ta duniya ta biyu don wajabta wa jihohinta su kare haƙƙin siyasa na 'yan ƙasa. Yarjejeniyar ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarcen da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi a baya bayan yaƙi don saita ƙa'idodin rashin nuna bambanci ga mata.
CPRW ta taka rawar gani a matsayin mafari na yin gyare-gyare a ƙasashen da ba a samu nasarar zaɓen mata ba. Yayin da ya mai da hankali da farko kan daidaiton doka maimakon magance faffadan shingen tsari da shinge, ya haifar da sauye-sauyen da suka magance batutuwa kamar daidaiton zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da wariyar launin fata. Misali, a Kudancin Amurka, karbe shi ya zo daidai da aiwatar da yancin zaɓe ga mata a ƙasashe kamar Paraguay da Colombia. Hakazalika, ƙasashen Afirka da na Asiya galibi suna yin la'akari da CPRW lokacin haɗa tanadin daidaiton siyasa da haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a cikin tsarin shari'arsu. Sauran tarurrukan sun haɗa da Yarjejeniya kan Ƙasar Matan Aure da Yarjejeniyar Yarjejeniyar Aure, Mafi ƙarancin shekarun Aure da Rajista, wanda aka fara aiki a cikin 1958 da 1964, bi da bi.
Haƙƙoƙin da Yarjejeniyar ta zayyana an haɗa su cikin Yarjejeniya ta baya, mafi mahimmanci akan kawar da kowane nau'i na nuna wariya ga mata (CEDAW). Wannan Yarjejeniyar daga baya, dokar da ta fi dacewa kuma mafi sauƙi don rashin nuna bambanci, an amince da ita ta kuri'a gaba ɗaya a 1967.
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- 1 2 3 4 "Convention on the Political Rights of Women". United Nations Treaty Collection. United Nations. Archived from the original on 11 April 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2015. Cite error: Invalid
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