Yarjejeniyar ramuwa tsakanin Isra'ila da Tarayyar Jamus

Yarjejeniyar ramuwa tsakanin Isra'ila da Tarayyar Jamus

Iri	Yarjejeniyar Biyu
Kwanan watan	10 Satumba 1952
Wuri	Luksamburg
Ƙasa	Jamus da Isra'ila
Signatory (en)	Konrad Adenauer Moshe Sharett (mul)

Yarjejeniyar Rarraba Tsakanin Isra'ila da Tarayyar Jamus (Jamus: Luxemburger Abkommen, "Yarjejeniyar Luxembourg", ko Wiedergutmachungsabkommen, "Yarjejeniyar Wiedergutmachung": הסכם השילומים, romanized: Heskmgreement "1 Satumba") an sanya hannu a kan Satumba 1, 2018. 1952, kuma ya shiga aiki a ranar 27 ga wat an Maris, shekara ta 1953.A cewar yarjejeniyar, Jamus ta Yamma za ta biya Isra’ila kuɗin “sake matsugunin ’yan gudun hijirar Yahudawa masu yawa” bayan yaƙin, da kuma biyan kowane Yahudawa ramuwa, ta hanyar taron da ake yi kan abubuwan da Yahudawa ke da’awa a kan Jamus, saboda hasarar rayuwa da dukiyoyin Yahudawa da suka samu sakamakon tsanantawar Nazi. ]

Tarihi

A cewar shafin yanar gizo na babban taron tattaunawa kan da'awar abubuwan Yahudawa a kan Jamus, ko taron da'awar, "A matsayin martani ga kiraye-kirayen kungiyoyin Yahudawa da kasar Isra'ila, a watan Satumba na shekarar 1951 shugaban gwamnatin Jamus Konrad Adenauer na Jamus ta Yamma ya yi jawabi ga majalisarsa: "... An aikata laifukan da ba za a iya magana ba da sunan jama'ar Jamus, suna kira ga halin kirki da na kayan aiki ... Gwamnatin tarayya da gwamnatin Isra'ila sun shirya don warware matsalar. na matsalar lamuni na abin duniya, don haka sauƙaƙa hanyar zuwa sulhu na ruhaniya na wahala marar iyaka." , Wata guda bayan jawabin Adenauer, Nahum Goldmann, shugaban hukumar Yahudawa ta Isra'ila kuma shugaban majalisar Yahudawa ta duniya, ya kira wani taro a birnin New York na manyan kungiyoyin Yahudawa 23 na kasa da kasa. Mahalarta taron sun bayyana karara cewa wadannan tattaunawar za ta takaita ne kawai kan tattaunawa kan da'awar abin duniya, don haka kungiyar da ta fito daga taron ake kiranta taron da'awar abubuwan Yahudawa a kan Jamus—Taron Da'awa. Kwamitin gudanarwa na sabon taron ya kunshi kungiyoyi da suka shiga cikin samar da shi, inda kowace ma’aikata ta zayyana mambobi biyu a hukumar. A shekara ta 1952, firaministan Isra'ila na farko David Ben-Gurion ya yi iƙirarin cewa bukatar a biya diyya ta dogara ne kan maido da dukiyoyin Yahudawa kamar yadda zai yiwu "domin kada masu kisan gilla su zama magada". Wata hujjarsa ita ce, ana buƙatar ramawa don samun kuɗin da za a sha da kuma gyara waɗanda suka tsira daga Holocaust a Isra'ila.

"Taron da'awar yana da aikin yin shawarwari tare da gwamnatin Jamus wani shiri na biyan diyya ga mutanen Yahudawa da kuma al'ummar Yahudawa da Jamus ta haddasa ta hanyar Holocaust."

Dangantakar Isra'ila da Jamus, wadda tuni ta yi tsami sosai saboda kisan kiyashi, ta kara dagulewa saboda siyasar yakin cacar baki da raba Jamus zuwa kasashen Gabas da Yamma masu adawa da juna; tsohon tauraron dan gurguzu mai hade da Tarayyar Sobiyet, na karshen mulkin dimokuradiyya mai sassaucin ra'ayi ya karkata zuwa yamma. Saboda dalilai iri-iri, da sauri ya bayyana cewa Jamus ta Yamma za ta kasance jihar da ta fi yarda da iya tunkarar iƙirarin Isra'ila da ke da alaƙa da Holocaust. Don ci gaba da dagula al'amura, Isra'ila kuma dole ne ta kula da manufofin Amurka, wanda, bayan rushewar kawancen da Tarayyar Soviet ta yi a lokacin yakin, ta yi imani da kafa tattalin arzikin Jamus ta Yamma mai wadata yana da matukar muhimmanci don samar da amintacciyar kawance mai fa'ida tare da gwamnatin dimokaradiyyar bayan yakin, wacce ke zaune a Bonn.

Yarjejeniya

Isra'ila ta yi niyyar ɗaukar abin da ya rage na Yahudawan Turai. Ita ma Isra'ila tana murmurewa daga yakin Larabawa da Isra'ila a 1948 kuma tana fuskantar matsalar tattalin arziki mai zurfi, wanda ya haifar da manufar tsuke bakin aljihu. Rashin aikin yi ya yi yawa, musamman ma a sansanonin ma’abarot, kuma adadin kudaden kasashen waje ya yi karanci David Ben-Gurion da jam’iyyarsa ta Mapai, sun dauki hanya mai amfani, inda suka ce amincewa da yarjejeniyar ita ce kadai hanyar da za ta iya dorewar tattalin arzikin kasa"Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu," in ji shi ga kwamitin tsakiya na Mapai. "Daya shi ne tsarin Yahudawan ghetto, ɗayan kuma na mutane ne masu zaman kansu. Ba na so in gudu bayan Bajamushe in tofa masa fuska. Ba na so in gudu bayan kowa. Ina so in zauna a nan in gina a nan. Ba zan je Amurka don shiga cikin yakin Adenauer ba" Bayan wani jawabi mai zafi, Menachem Begin ya jagoranci masu zanga-zangar zuwa majalisar Knesset. Fara magana game da Altalena Affair a cikin 1948, lokacin da IDF ta harba wani jirgin da ke ɗauke da makamai ga Irgun bisa ga umarnin Ben Gurion, yana cewa, "Lokacin da kuka harba ni da bindiga, na ba da umarni: 'A'a!' A yau zan ba da odar, 'Eh! Muzaharar ta rikide zuwa tashin hankali yayin da masu zanga-zangar suka fara jifan tagar ginin yayin da 'yan sanda suka yi amfani da karfi wajen tarwatsa su. Bayan kwashe sa'o'i biyar ana tarzoma, 'yan sanda sun mamaye lamarin ta hanyar amfani da tudu da hayaki mai sa hawaye. An kama daruruwan; kimanin masu zanga-zangar 200 da 'yan sanda 140 ne suka jikkata.

Matakin dai bai kawo karshen zanga-zangar ba. A cikin watan Oktoban shekarar 1952 an kama Dov Shilansky kusa da ginin ma'aikatar harkokin waje, yana ɗauke da fakitin dynamite. A cikin shari'ar da ake yi masa, an zarge shi da kasancewa memba na wata kungiya ta karkashin kasa mai adawa da yarjejeniyar ramuwa kuma an yanke masa hukuncin daurin watanni 21 a gidan yari. An aike da bama-bamai da dama zuwa Adenauer da kuma wasu hare-hare, daya daga cikinsu ya kashe dan sandan da ya rike shi.

An sake buɗe da'awar

A shekara ta 2007, MK Isra'ila MK Rafi Eitan ya ba da shawarwarin da aka fassara a matsayin da'awar sake buɗe yarjejeniyar, ko da yake ya nace cewa kawai ya yi niyyar "kafa ƙungiyar aiki tsakanin Jamus da Isra'ila da za ta yi nazarin yadda Jamus za ta taimaka wa masu fama da kuɗaɗe" Da farko dai ministan kudin Jamus Peer Steinbrück ya yi watsi da duk wata yuwuwar fadada yarjejeniyar,anma daga baya kakakin gwamnatin Jamus Thomas Steg ya ce Jamus a shirye take ta tattauna yiwuwar yin karin kudaden fansho ga wadanda suka tsira daga kisan kiyashi idan gwamnatin Isra'ila ta nemi a hukumance[ A cikin 2009, Ministan Kudi na Isra'ila Yuval Steinitz ya sanar da cewa zai bukaci karin Yuro miliyan 450 zuwa Yuro biliyan 1 a matsayin diyya daga Jamus a madadin wasu 30,000 da suka tsira daga Isra'ila.