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Yarjejeniyar tsayar da mafi ƙan-ƙantar Shekaru, 1973

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Yarjejeniyar ILO game da Mafi ƙarancin shekaru don shiga aikin kwadago C138, yarjejeniya ce da Kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta shirya a shekarar 1973. Ya buƙaci ƙasashe dasu tabbatar da bin manufofin ƙasa waɗanda aka tsara don tabbatar da ingantaccen kawar da aikin ƙananan yara da kuma ci gaba da haɓaka mafi ƙarancin shekaru don shiga aiki ko aikatau. Yana daya daga cikin manyan tarurruka takwas na ILO. Yarjejeniyar C138 ta maye gurbin irin wannan tarurruka na ILO da yawa a ma ban-bantan fannoni na aiki.

Mafi ƙananan shekarun

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Kasashe suna da 'yanci su ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin shekaru don yin aiki, tare da mafi ƙaranci shekaru 15. Bayyanawa na shekaru 14 yana yiwuwa lokacin da aka ƙayyade lokaci. Dokoki na iya ba da izinin aiki mai sauƙi ga yara masu shekaru 13-15 (ba tare da cutar da lafiyarsu ko aikin makaranta ). An ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin shekaru 18 don yin aiki wanda "yana iya haifar da haɗari da lafiya, aminci ko ɗabi'ar matasa". Ma'anar irin aikin da suna yiwuwa ne kawai bayan shawarwari na bangarorin uku (idan irin wannan tsarin ya wanzu a cikin ƙasar da ta tabbatar).

Tasiri a kan wasu tarurruka

[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]

Taron mai-maici ne na tarurruka da yawa ga ma'aikata a ma ban-bantan yankuna. Bayan shigar da shi cikin aiki, an rufe wasu daga cikin waɗannan tarurruka don tabbatarwa kuma zama jam'iyya ga wannan taron ta kai tsaye ya haifar da zargi ga tsofaffi. Bayani game da tarurrukan mafi ƙarancin shekaru na ILO gasu a ƙasa:

Lambobin ILO Filin Ranar ƙarshe shigar da karfi rufewa don sa hannu / janyewa Jam'iyyun (Janairu 2023)
Zargin (Janairu 2023)
Binciken yarjejeniya Rubutun rubutu da tabbatarwa
C5 Masana'antu 28 ga Nuwamba 1919 13 Yuni 1921 N.A. 1 71 C59, wannan taron [1][2]
C7 Tekun 7 ga Yuli 1920 27 Satumba 1921 19 Yuni 2021 [3] 1 52 C58, wannan taron, MLC [4]
C10 Aikin noma 16 ga Nuwamba 1921 31 ga watan Agusta 1923 N.A. 4 51 wannan taron [5][6]
C15 trimmers da firersmasu cin wuta 11 ga Nuwamba 1921 20 ga Nuwamba 1922 N.A. 7 62 wannan taron [7][8]
C33 Ayyukan da ba na masana'antu ba (an sake duba su) 30 Afrilu 1932 6 Yuni 1935 29 Disamba 1950 2 23 C60, wannan taron [9][10]
C58 Tekun (an sake duba shi) 24 ga Oktoba 1936 11 ga Afrilu 1939 N.A. 6 45 wannan taron, MLC [11][12]
C59 Masana'antu (an sake duba su) 22 Yuni 1937 21 ga Fabrairu 1941 19 Yuni 1976 8 28 wannan taron [13][14]
C60 Ayyukan da ba na masana'antu ba 22 Yuni 1937 29 Disamba 1950 N.A. 0 11 wannan taron [15][16]
C112 Masu kamun kifi 19 Yuni 1959 7 ga Nuwamba 1961 N.A. 2 27 wannan taron, Aiki a Yarjejeniyar KifiAiki a Taron Kifi [17][18]
C123 Aikin karkashin kasa 22 Yuni 1965 10 Nuwamba 1967 N.A. 21 20 wannan taron [19][20]

 Tabbatar wa Mafi karanci shekaru da kasashe suka ƙayyade: 14(32.0%) 15(43.0%) 16(25.0)


Yarjejeniyar ILO ta C138 ta fara aiki shekara guda bayan da aka ajiye amincewa ta farko a (Cuba da Libya).A watan Yulin 2023 kasashe 176 sun tabbatar da Yarjejeniyar C138. Da farko, duk da cewar, saurin tabbatar da wannan yarjejeniyar ya kasance mai jinkiri sosai. Saboda da haka, an fara da wani madadin Yarjejeniyar tare da iyakance shi a shekarar 1999.[21] Ya shafi Yarjejeniyar ILO 182 game da haramtacciyar doka da kuma gaggawa don kawar da mafi munin nau'ikan aikatau din yara.

Taron yarjejeniyar na C138 an tilasta shi ga duk ƙasashe dasuka amince a shekara ɗaya bayan amincewar . wannan kuma za'a ci gaba da tabbatar da mai-maici bayan shudewar duk shekaru 10 (e.g. 19 June 2027 – 19 June 2028).

The following countries have ratified this convention:
Country Date Minimum age (years)
Afghanistan 7 April 2010 14
Albania 16 February 1998 16
Algeria 30 April 1984 16
Angola 13 June 2001 14
Antigua and Barbuda 17 March 1983 16
Argentina 11 November 1996 14
Armenia 27 January 2006 16
Australia 13 June 2023 15
Austria 18 September 2000 15
Azerbaijan 19 May 1992 16
Bahamas 31 October 2001 14
Bahrain 7 March 2012 15
Bangladesh 22 March 2022 14
Barbados 4 January 2000 15
Belarus (as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic) 3 May 1979 16
Belgium 19 April 1988 15
Belize 6 March 2000 14
Benin 11 June 2001 14
Bolivia 11 June 1997 14
Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 June 1993 15
Botswana 5 June 1997 14
Brazil 28 June 2001 16
Brunei 17 June 2011 16
Bulgaria 23 April 1980 16
Burkina Faso 11 February 1999 15
Burundi 19 July 2000 16
Cambodia 23 August 1999 14
Cameroon 13 August 2001 14
Canada 8 June 2016 16
Cape Verde 7 February 2011 15
Central African Republic 28 June 2000 14
Chad 21 March 2005 14
Chile 1 February 1999 15
China 28 April 1999 16
Colombia 2 February 2001 14
Comoros 17 March 2004 15
Congo 26 November 1999 14
Costa Rica 11 June 1976 15
Côte d'Ivoire 7 February 2003 14
Croatia 8 October 1991 15
Cuba 7 March 1975 15
Cyprus 2 October 1997 15
Czech Republic 26 April 2007 15
Democratic Republic of the Congo 20 June 2001 14
Denmark 13 November 1997 15
Djibouti 14 June 2005 16
Dominica 27 September 1983 15
Dominican Republic 15 June 1999 14
Ecuador 19 September 2000 14
Egypt 9 June 1999 14
El Salvador 23 January 1996 14
Equatorial Guinea 12 June 1985 14
Eritrea 22 February 2000 14
Estonia 15 March 2007 15
Ethiopia 27 May 1999 14
Fiji 3 January 2003 15
Finland 13 January 1976 15
France 13 July 1990 16
Gabon 25 October 2010 16
Gambia 4 September 2000 14
Ghana 6 June 2011 15
Georgia 23 September 1996 15
Germany 8 April 1976 15
Greece 14 March 1986 15
Grenada 14 May 2003 16
Guatemala 27 April 1990 14
Guinea 6 June 2003 16
Guinea-Bissau 5 March 2009 14
Guyana 15 April 1998 15
Haiti 5 March 2009 14
Honduras 9 June 1980 14
Hungary 28 May 1998 16
Iceland 6 December 1999 15
India 13 June 2017 14
Indonesia 7 June 1999 15
Iraq 13 February 1985 15
Ireland 22 June 1978 16
Israel 21 June 1979 15
Italy 28 July 1981 15
Jamaica 13 October 2003 15
Japan 5 June 2000 15
Jordan 23 March 1998 16
Kazakhstan 18 May 2001 16
Kenya 9 April 1979 16
Kiribati 17 June 2009 14
South Korea 28 January 1999 15
Kuwait 15 November 1999 15
Kyrgyzstan 31 March 1992 16
Laos 13 June 2005 14
Latvia 2 June 2006 15
Lebanon 10 June 2003 14
Lesotho 14 June 2001 15
Liberia 13 June 2022 15
Libya 19 June 1975 15
Lithuania 22 June 1998 16
Luxembourg 24 March 1977 15
Macedonia 17 November 1991 15
Madagascar 31 May 2000 15
Malawi 19 November 1999 14
Malaysia 9 September 1997 15
Maldives 4 January 2013 16
Mali 11 March 2002 15
Malta 9 June 1988 16
Mauritania 3 December 2001 14
Mauritius 30 July 1990 15
Mexico 10 June 2015 15
Moldova 21 September 1999 16
Montenegro 3 June 2006 15
Mongolia 16 December 2002 15
Morocco 6 January 2000 15
Mozambique 16 June 2003 15
Myanmar 8 June 2020 14
Namibia 15 November 2000 14
Nepal 30 May 1997 14
Netherlands (European territory) 14 September 1976 15
Netherlands (Aruba) 18 February 1986 15
Nicaragua 2 November 1981 14
Niger 4 December 1978 14
Nigeria 2 October 2002 15
Norway 8 July 1980 15
Oman 21 July 2005 15
Pakistan 6 July 2006 14
Panama 31 October 2000 14
Papua New Guinea 2 June 2000 16
Paraguay 3 March 2004 14
Peru 13 November 2002 14
Philippines 4 June 1998 15
Poland 22 March 1978 15
Portugal 20 May 1998 16
Qatar 3 January 2006 16
Romania 19 November 1975 16
Russia (as the Soviet Union) 3 May 1979 16
Rwanda 15 April 1981 14
Saint Kitts and Nevis 3 June 2005 16
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 25 July 2006 14
Samoa 29 October 2008 15
San Marino 1 February 1995 16
São Tomé and Príncipe 4 May 2005 14
Saudi Arabia 2 April 2014 15
Senegal 15 December 1999 15
Serbia (as Serbia and Montenegro) 24 November 2000 15
Seychelles 7 March 2000 15
Sierra Leone 13 June 2011 16
Singapore 7 November 2005 15
Slovakia 29 September 1997 15
Slovenia 29 May 1992 15
Solomon Islands 22 April 2013 14
South Africa 30 March 2000 16
South Sudan 29 April 2012 14
Spain 16 May 1977 16
Sri Lanka 11 February 2000 14
Sudan 7 March 2003 14
Suriname 15 January 2018 16
Swaziland 23 October 2002 15
Sweden 23 April 1990 15
Switzerland 17 August 1999 15
Syria 18 September 2001 15
Tajikistan 26 November 1993 16
Tanzania 16 December 1998 14
Thailand 11 May 2004 15
Togo 16 March 1984 14
Trinidad and Tobago 3 September 2004 16
Tunisia 19 October 1995 16
Turkey 30 October 1998 15
Turkmenistan 27 March 2012 16
Uganda 25 March 2003 14
Ukraine (as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic) 3 May 1979 16
United Arab Emirates 2 October 1998 15
United Kingdom 7 June 2000 16
Uruguay 2 June 1977 15
Uzbekistan 6 March 2009 15
Venezuela 15 July 1987 14
Vietnam 24 June 2003 15
Vanuatu 24 June 2019 14
Yemen 15 June 2000 14
Zambia 9 February 1976 15
Zimbabwe 6 June 2000 14
  1. ↑ "Convention C005 - Minimum Age (Industry) Convention, 1919 (No. 5)". www.ilo.org.
  2. ↑ "Ratifications of ILO conventions: Ratifications by Convention". www.ilo.org.
  3. ↑ "Withdrawal of Convention 7 withdrawal of minimum age (sea) convention, 1920 (No. 7)" (PDF). ILO. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  4. ↑ "Convention C007 - Minimum Age (Sea) Convention, 1920 (No. 7)". www.ilo.org.
  5. ↑ "Convention C010 - Minimum Age (Agriculture) Convention, 1921 (No. 10)". www.ilo.org.
  6. ↑ "Ratifications of ILO conventions: Ratifications by Convention". www.ilo.org.
  7. ↑ "Convention C015 - Minimum Age (Trimmers and Stokers) Convention, 1921 (No. 15)". www.ilo.org.
  8. ↑ "Ratifications of ILO conventions: Ratifications by Convention". www.ilo.org.
  9. ↑ "Convention C033 - Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention, 1932 (No. 33)". www.ilo.org.
  10. ↑ "Ratifications of ILO conventions: Ratifications by Convention". www.ilo.org.
  11. ↑ "Convention C058 - Minimum Age (Sea) Convention (Revised), 1936 (No. 58)". www.ilo.org.
  12. ↑ "Ratifications of ILO conventions: Ratifications by Convention". www.ilo.org.
  13. ↑ "Convention C059 - Minimum Age (Industry) Convention (Revised), 1937 (No. 59)". www.ilo.org.
  14. ↑ "Ratifications of ILO conventions: Ratifications by Convention". www.ilo.org.
  15. ↑ "Convention C060 - Minimum Age (Non-Industrial Employment) Convention (Revised), 1937 (No. 60)". www.ilo.org.
  16. ↑ "Ratifications of ILO conventions: Ratifications by Convention". www.ilo.org.
  17. ↑ "Convention C112 - Minimum Age (Fishermen) Convention, 1959 (No. 112)". www.ilo.org.
  18. ↑ "Ratifications of ILO conventions: Ratifications by Convention". www.ilo.org.
  19. ↑ "Convention C123 - Minimum Age (Underground Work) Convention, 1965 (No. 123)". www.ilo.org.
  20. ↑ "Ratifications of ILO conventions: Ratifications by Convention". www.ilo.org.
  21. ↑ Nissen, A. (15 June 2018). "Can WTO Member States Rely on Citizen Concerns to Prevent Corporations from Importing Goods Made from Child Labour?". Utrecht Law Review. 14 (2): 70. doi:10.18352/ulr.436. |hdl-access= requires |hdl= (help) p. 74 referring to 1999 ILO Convention C182: Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour), 2133 United Nations Treaty Series, p. 163
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