Yaron Turkana
 Yaron Turkana | |
|---|---|
skeleton (en)  , Hominin fossil (en) da zoological specimen (en) | |
 | |
| Bayanai | |
| Bangare na |
Homo erectus (mul) |
| Jinsi | namiji |
| Suna saboda | Tafkin Turkana |
| Location of discovery (en) | Tafkin Turkana |
| Collector (en) |
Kamoya Kimeu (en) da Richard Leakey (mul) |
| Collection date (en) | ga Augusta, 1984 da 1984 |
Turkana Boy, wanda kuma ake kira Nariokotome Boy, shine sunan da aka ba burbushin KNM-WT 15000, kusan cikakkiyar kwarangwal na matashi na Homo erectus wanda ya rayu shekaru miliyan 1.5 zuwa 1.6 da suka gabata. Wannan samfurin shine mafi cikakkiyar kwarangwal ta Homo erectus da aka taɓa samu.[1] Wasu hukumomi sun sanya shi a matsayin Homo ergaster.
Kamoya Kimeu ne ya gano shi a shekarar 1984 a bakin kogin Nariokotome kusa da Tafkin Turkana a Kenya.[2]
Kimanin shekarun mutum a lokacin mutuwarsa ya kasance daga shekaru 7 zuwa 11.[3]
Matasa da balaga
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]_Fundort_Nariokotome,_Kenia,_Rekonstruktion_im_Neanderthal_Museum.jpg)
Kodayake samfurin an fi la'akari da namiji saboda siffar kwatangwalo, jima'i ba a tantance shi ba saboda shekarun da ya gabata. Kimanin shekarun a lokacin mutuwa ya dogara da ko ana amfani da matakin balaga na hakora ko kwarangwal, kuma ana kwatanta wannan balaga da na Homo sapiens ko zuwa chimpanzees. Wani muhimmin abu shi ne cewa mutane na zamani suna da alamar girma na matasa, yayin da chimpanzees ba su da. Bincike na farko ya ɗauka nau'in ɗan adam na zamani, amma shaidar kwanan nan daga wasu burbushin sun nuna cewa wannan bai kasance a cikin hominins na farko ba. Wannan bambancin yana shafar kimantawa na duka shekaru da kuma yiwuwar girman samfurin a matsayin cikakkiyar girma.[3]
Alan Walker da Richard Leakey a cikin 1993 sun kiyasta cewa yaron yana da kimanin shekaru 11-12 bisa ga sanannun ƙoshin ƙashi.[4] Walker da Leakey (1993) sun ce soyayya ta hakora sau da yawa tana ba da ƙarami fiye da ainihin shekarun mutum.
Christopher Dean (M. C. Dean) na Kwalejin Jami'ar London, a cikin 2009 Nova na musamman, [5] ya kiyasta cewa Turkana Boy yana da shekaru 8 a lokacin mutuwarsa.
Yanayin Yanayi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Samfurin ya ƙunshi ƙasusuwa 108, yana mai da shi cikakkiyar kwatangwalo ta mutum ta farko da aka gano. Wani binciken da aka yi a shekarar 2018 ya kiyasta cewa yana da tsayi 154 cm (5 ft 1 in) in) kuma yana da nauyin 51-54 kg (112-119 lokacin da ya mutu. A lokacin da ya girma, Turkana Boy na iya kaiwa 160-178 ft - 5 in) tsawo kuma ya yi nauyi 60-83 . [6] Kwayar tana da ƙanƙanta fiye da Homo sapiens, wanda mai yiwuwa ne don ingantaccen tafiya madaidaiciya. Wannan ya kara nuna cikakken bipedalism na ƙasa, wanda ya bambanta da tsofaffin nau'ikan hominin waɗanda ke nuna haɗin fasalin bipedalism da hawan bishiyoyi.[7] Yaron yana da tsayi sosai, wanda ya kara girman jikinsa wanda zai kara yawan zafi da kuma hana damuwa da zafi a karkashin rana mai zafi.[8]
Gabaɗaya ƙashin KNM-WT 15000 har yanzu yana da siffofi (kamar ƙanƙanin goshi, ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa mai ƙarfi, da rashin gemu) wanda ba a gani a cikin H. sapiens ba. Koyaya, akwai mahimman haruffa masu ma'ana, kamar girman kwakwalwa (880 cc). Hannun hannu da kafafu sun ɗan fi tsayi suna nuna tasiri mai tasiri. Hanci yana nunawa kamar na mutane maimakon buɗe hanci da aka gani a wasu birai.[9] Hakanan gashin jiki na iya zama mai laushi (watakila tsirara) kuma mai yiwuwa tare da karuwar gumi glands don hanzarta sanyaya.
Ikon murya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Kashi na burbushin halittu da sauran shaidun burbushin burbushin, kamar Kayan aikin dutse na Acheulean, sun sa yawancin masana kimiyya su kammala cewa Homo erectus - ba kamar kakanninsu na farko ba - sun zama masu mafarauta masu inganci. Tsarin zamantakewa mai yiwuwa ya zama mafi rikitarwa tare da Girman kwakwalwa; Yankin Broca na kwakwalwa yana ba da damar magana kuma an lura da shi ta hanyar ɗan karkata a kan gashin kai. Turkana Boy's thoracic vertebrae are narrow than in Homo sapiens . Wannan zai ba shi damar rage ikon motsi a kan tsokoki na kirji waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin mutane na zamani don canza numfashi don ba da damar tsarawa a kan numfashi guda ɗaya na murya mai rikitarwa.[10]
Cutar
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Nazarin farko ya nuna cewa Turkana Boy ya sha wahala daga rikicewar haihuwa, ko dai dwarfism ko scoliosis. Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙasusuwan haƙarƙari sun bayyana ba daidai ba ne ga kashin baya, a lokacin da aka danganta shi da dysplasia na kwarangwal.[11] Koyaya, a cikin 2013, wani binciken ya nuna cewa lokacin da aka sake tsara ƙasusuwan haƙarƙari, sun zama daidai da kashin baya, kuma cewa wani tsari mai ban mamaki na kashin baya shine halayyar hominins na farko. Koyaya, burbushin tabbas ya nuna herniation na lumbar disc, rauni da ke tattare da mutuwar samfurin.[1] Har ila yau, samfurin yana da ƙuƙwalwar da ke fama da rashin lafiya.
Nunawa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Ana gudanar da burbushin a cikin Gidajen Tarihi na Kasa na Kenya kuma ana nuna simintin.[12]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
- 1 2 Schiess R, Haeusler M (2013). "No skeletal dysplasia in the Nariokotome boy KNM-WT 15000 (Homo erectus) – A reassessment of congenital pathologies of the vertebral column". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 150 (3): 365–374. Bibcode:2013AJPA..150..365S. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22211. PMID 23283736.
- ↑ Brown F, Harris J, Leakey R, Walker A (1985). "Early Homo erectus skeleton from west Lake Turkana, Kenya". Nature. 316 (6031): 788–792. Bibcode:1985Natur.316..788B. doi:10.1038/316788a0. PMID 3929141. S2CID 4311887.
- 1 2 Graves RR, Lupo AC, McCarthy RC, Wescott DJ, Cunningham DL (2010). "Just how strapping was KNM-WT 15000?". J Hum Evol. 59 (5): 542–554. Bibcode:2010JHumE..59..542G. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.06.007. PMID 20846707.
- ↑ Empty citation (help)
- ↑ "Becoming Human". PBS. November 2009.
- ↑ Cunningham, D. L.; Graves, R. R.; Wescott, D. J.; McCarthy, R. C. (2018). "The effect of ontogeny on estimates of KNM-WT 15000's adult body size". Journal of Human Evolution. 121: 119–127. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2018.04.002. PMID 29754743.
- ↑ Bilsborough A (16 June 1997). "The 1.5-million-year-old". timeshighereducation.co.uk. TSL Education Ltd. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
- ↑ "Leaving home – 2 million years ago". BBC. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
- ↑ The National Museums of Kenya. "KNM-WT-15000 (Homo-Erectus) "Turkana boy or Nariokotome boy" – big boy" (PDF). museums.or.ke. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 October 2012. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
- ↑ MacLarnon AM, Hewitt GP (1999). "The evolution of human speech: the role of enhanced breathing control". Am J Phys Anthropol. 109 (3): 341–363. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199907)109:3<341::AID-AJPA5>3.0.CO;2-2. PMID 10407464.
- ↑ Ghose T (19 March 2013). "Best-Preserved Human Ancestor Didn't Have Bone Disorder". Live Science. Retrieved 30 July 2013.
- ↑ Mwenda, Lilian (17 January 2025). "Turkana Boy: Kenya's Eternal Ambassador". National Museums of Kenya.